scholarly journals Antimicrobial, antibiofilm and biochemichal properties of Thymus vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 270-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kryvtsova ◽  
I. Salamon ◽  
J. Koscova ◽  
D. Bucko ◽  
M. Spivak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

Thyme belongs to a genus encompassing over 215 species of hardy perennial herbaceous plants and sub-shrubs, which are native to Europe, particularly around the Mediterranean. Thymus vulgaris L., or garden thyme, with narrow small leaves and clusters of tubular mauve flowers, is used mainly in cookery. Dried herb yields 1% and more essential oil, which is a pale yellowish-red liquid with a sweet, very aromatic odour. Thyme is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and is a source of substances of antimicrobial effect upon antibiotic-resistant strains of microorganisms. The purpose of our work was to identify the biochemical and antimicrobial peculiarities of Th. vulgaris essential oil against clinical isolates of opportunistic microorganisms. The analysis of thyme essential oil was carried out using GC/MS analysis. The clinical isolates were isolated with the use of differentially diagnostic nutrient media. The antibiotic susceptibility was identified with the help of the disc-diffusion test. The sensitivity of microorganisms to plant extracts was determined by the agar diffusion test. The antibiofilm activity of the extracts was tested in standard 96-well microtitration plates. The GC/MS results confirm the earlier reports that the major volatile constituents obtained from the aerial parts of thyme species were thymol, γ-terpinene, p-cymene, 3-carene and carvacrol. After subjecting the selected essential oil to effective steam distillation, substantial contents of phenolic monoterpenoids were obtained – thymol (67.7%) and γ-terpinene (8.2%). The European Pharmacopoeia set quality standards for thyme essential oil, which dealt mainly with the % content (w/w) of the volatile phenols (expressed as thymol: 36.0–55.0%). Garden thyme essential oil has been found to show a high antimicrobial activity against antibiotic-resistant microorganism strains. The obtained results proved the wide spectrum of antibiotic activity of thyme essential oil. The highest antimicrobial activity was registered against the typical and clinic strains of S. aureus and microscopic Candida genus fungi. Garden thyme essential oil was ascertained to show high antibiofilm-forming activity against S. aureus. The antimicrobial and antibiofilm-forming activities of thyme essential oil against both bacterial pathogens of opportunistic infections and microscopic fungi have proven the good prospects for development of a broad-spectrum agent against opportunistic microbial associations based on this oil.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida albicans to Thyme Essential Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2454
Author(s):  
Najla A Alshaikh ◽  
Kahkashan Perveen
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant

Candida spp. is the most common microbial pathogen in fungal infections. There has been a tremendous increase in cases of candidiasis, especially among critically ill non-neutropenic patients. Candida albicans’ isolates were procured from the Prince Sultan Military Hospital, Riyadh, KSA. The isolates were characterized for their identification using CHROMagar, carbohydrate metabolism, germ tube formation, and RAPD-PCR techniques. The essential oil of Thymus vulgaris was obtained by hydro-distillation and characterized to decipher the major bioactive phytoconstituents. The antifungal activity of the thyme essential oil (TEO) was evaluated against fluconazole-resistant C. albicans isolates. The major phytocomponents identified by GC/MS were thymol (68.1%) followed by γ-terpinene (8.9%), cymol (7.7%), caryophyllene (1.1%), linalool (1.4%). The TEO successfully reduced the growth of C. albicans isolates. At very low doses, the TEO proved to be fungi static and fungicidal. TEO also effectively inhibited the germ tube formation and budging of fungal pathogens. The time kill assays have shown that TEO was more effective against drug resistant clinical isolates than fluconazole. This study provides an array of experimental evidence regarding the therapeutic efficacy of TEO against the drug-resistant clinical isolates of C. albicans. The findings may be used in the development of a new antifungal agent accordingly.

Stingless Bee Honeys from Costa Rica Exhibit Antimicrobial Activity Against Antibiotic-resistant Clinical Isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-149
Author(s):  
Zamora Gabriel ◽  
Beukelman Kees ◽  
van den Berg Bert ◽  
Arias María Laura ◽  
Umaña Eduardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Stingless Bee ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of wild Thymus vulgaris grown in South Jordan

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Jehad Al-Shuneigat ◽  
◽  
Sameeh Al-Sarayreh ◽  
Yousif Al–Saraira ◽  
Mahmoud AlQudah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris

Antimicrobial activity of thyme essential oil nanoemulsions on spoilage bacteria of fish and food-borne pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 100635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yesim Ozogul ◽  
Esmeray Kuley Boğa ◽  
Ismail Akyol ◽  
Mustafa Durmus ◽  
Yılmaz Ucar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria

scholarly journals CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR CEPHALEXIN AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST MULTIIDRUG RESISTENT BACTERIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Elassal ◽  
Nagwan El-Manofy
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Diffusion Kinetic

Objective: The evolution of antimicrobial resistance is a universal obstacle that necessities the innovation of more effective and safe antimicrobial alternatives with synergistic properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible improvement of cephalexin antimicrobial treatments by loading into chitosan-based nanoparticles, then evaluate their antibacterial and antibiofilm activities as well as determination of its cytotoxicity. Methods: Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) were prepared by ionic gelation method. Parameters were studied to optimize the particle size of CSNPs including pH, stirring rate, homogenization and ultra-sonication time. Size was measured by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Zeta sizer, morphology seen by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Entrapment efficiency, drug loading and drug content were calculated. Stability of both plain and loaded chitosan Nano-carriers, Drug release and Kinetics also compatibilities were studied. Antimicrobial activity of CSNPs and cephalexin loaded CSNPs were evaluated against 4 Gram-positive and 4 Gram-negative standard and clinical isolates by microdilution method, also assessment of antibiofilm activity of both formulas was investigated against two biofilm producers clinical isolates by tube assay in addition to determination of their cytotoxicity by MTT(3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Results: Chitosan nanoparticles and its loaded antibiotics proved compatible combination with small Zeta size, suitable Zeta potential, maximum EE% and drug-loading capacity, sustained controlled release properties followed diffusion kinetic model and six month stability studies. Cephalexin loaded CSNPs showed better antimicrobial activity than plain CSNPs. Synergistic effects were found against S. aureus (ATCC 25923), B. subtilis (ATCC 9372), S. epidermidis, E. faecalis, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 29853) in addition to two carbapenem resistant isolates k. pneumoniae and E. coli. Also cephalexin loaded CSNPs exhibited antibiofilm activity against E. faecalis clinical isolate. Even though, cephalexin loaded CSNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity, it showed less toxicity against mammalian cells, it had IC50 equal to 231.893 and did not exhibit any cytotoxicity against the WI-38 fibroblast cells at concentration 23.4 µg/ml. Conclusion: Cephalexin loaded CSNPs possessed good stability and sustained release effect in addition to its antimicrobial, antibiofilm activities and reduced cytotoxicity.

scholarly journals Antifungal potential of thyme essential oil as a preservative for storage of wheat seeds

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabina Anžlovar ◽  
Matevž Likar ◽  
Jasna Dolenc Koce
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Thyme Essential Oil ◽  
Indirect Treatment ◽  
Grain Surface

AbstractPlant essential oils are potential food preservatives due to their inhibitory effects on bacterial and fungal growth. Antifungal activities of common thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil were tested against endophytic fungi grown from wheat (Triticum aestivum) grain, molecularly identified as Alternaria alternata, Alternaria infectoria, Aspergillus flavus, Epicoccum nigrum and Fusarium poae. Their susceptibility to thyme essential oil was tested in vitro, and ranged from fungicidal to fungistatic. Treatment combinations of prior grain surface sterilization with hypochlorite and direct/indirect treatment with the essential oil were used, which showed strong effects on infection incidence and germination. Direct soaking of the wheat grain in the essential oil was particularly effective, but inhibited both fungal growth and seed germination. In contrast, indirect treatment of the grain with the essential oil (i.e., fumigation) inhibited fungal growth without negative effects on seed germination. In combination with grain surface sterilization with hypochlorite, indirect treatment with thyme essential oil reduced these fungal infections even more. Since thyme essential oil is safe for plants and consumers, in the form of fumigation it could be used as a protectant of storage containers for wheat grain intended for sowing and for food production.

scholarly journals Resistance of nosocomial strains to antibacterial drugs and its link to biofilm formation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-546
Author(s):  
T. V. Sklyar ◽  
K. V. Lavrentievа ◽  
Y. A. Alyonkina ◽  
A. M. Kolomoets ◽  
А. І. Vinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Antibacterial Drugs ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

The problem of nosocomial infections is considered in connection with more frequent formation and wide distribution in clinical practice of new strains of hospital bacteria that have a cross-resistence to antibacterial drugs. The nosocomial agents were isolated from wounds and identified as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. 72.0% of S. aureus strains and 61.5% of P. aeruginosa clinical isolates had the capability of forming biofilms. The sensitivity to antibiotics of all isolated strains was investigated with tne agar diffusion test. This method showed that all strains of S. aureus with the capability to form biofilms had resistence to erythromycin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin. The had the greatest sensitivity to klindamycin (90.3%), vancomycin (80.6%) and gatifloxacin (80.6% cultures). The strains of S. aureus with the capability to form biofilms were more resistent to antibiotics than strains of S. aureus without such properties. Only cefotaxim suppressed the growth of 75.0% of strains of staphylococci. All isolated strains of S. aureus without the capability to form biofilms were sensitive to doxycyclin, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and klindamycin. All clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa with capability to form biofilms had resistence to ampicillin, gentamycin, imipenem, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone. They were most sensitive (75.0%) to piperacillin and cefoperazone/sulbactam. The strains of P. aeruginosa without the capability to form biofilms kept the resistence to gentamycin, imipenem and ceftriaxone. They showed the greatest sensitivity (75.0%) to ciprofloxacin (80.0% isolates) and also to amikacin, ampicillin, meropenem, norfloxacin and cefotaxime (60.0% cultures). We investigated the minimum inhibitory concentrations of gentamycin and ciprofloxacin, which appeared higher for P. aeruginosa than for S. aureus. The most effective disinfectant against all isolated nosocomial agents without the capacity for biofilm formation was “Desactin” in a concentration 0.1% or 0.2%. For strains of staphylococci with this capability, the efficiency of “Desactin” went down by 9.7%. The best biocide effect against the strains of P. aeruginosa with the capability of forming biofilms was shown by 0.1% solution of “Neochlorine tabs”, which suppressed the growth of 75.0% of tested cultures. As a result, we detected a direct relationship between resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants and the capacities for biofilm formation among the nosocomial agents S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. 

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, In Vitro and In Situ Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) Essential Oil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
Lucia Galovičová ◽  
Petra Borotová ◽  
Veronika Valková ◽  
Hana Ďúranová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Food Preservatives ◽  
The Impact

The essential oil of Syzygium (S.) aromaticum (CEO) is known for its good biological activity. The aim of the research was to evaluate in vitro and in situ antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of the essential oil produced in Slovakia. The main components of CEO were eugenol 82.4% and (E)-caryophyllene 14.0%. The antimicrobial activity was either weak or very strong with inhibition zones ranging from 4.67 to 15.78 mm in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and from 8.22 to 18.56 mm in yeasts and fungi. Among the tested bacteria and fungi, the lowest values of MIC were determined for Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and Penicillium (P.) expansum, respectively. The vapor phase of CEO inhibited the growth of the microscopic filamentous fungi of the genus Penicillium when tested in situ on bread. The strongest effect of mycelia inhibition in a bread model was observed against P. expansum at concentrations of 250 and 500 μL/mL. The best antimicrobial activity of CEO in the carrot model was found against P. chrysosenum. Differences between the mass spectra of Bacillus (B.) subtilis biofilms on the tested surfaces (wood, glass) and the control sample were noted from the seventh day of culture. There were some changes in mass spectra of Stenotrophomonas (S.) maltophilia, which were observed in both experimental groups from the fifth day of culture. These findings confirmed the impact of CEO on the protein structure of older biofilms. The findings indicate that, besides being safe and sensorially attractive, S. aromaticum has antimicrobial activity, which makes it a potential substitute for chemical food preservatives.

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