scholarly journals Role of the bryophytes in substrate revitalization on a post-technogenic salinized territory

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425
Author(s):  
N. Y. Kyyak ◽  
O. V. Lobachevska ◽  
I. V. Rabyk ◽  
V. H. Kyyak
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Redox Potential ◽  
Trophic Groups ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Moss Cover ◽  
Species Characteristics ◽  
Actual Acidity

This work aims to investigate the role of the bryophyte cover in substrate revitalization on a post-technogenic salinized territory. The influence of the moss cover on the organic carbon content, actual acidity, redox potential, and the content of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms in the substrate of the tailings storage of the Stebnyk Mining and Chemical Enterprise "Polymineral" was investigated. Bryophytes significantly affect the tailings storage saline substrates. They colonize areas with a very strong and strong degree of salinity, which are unsuitable for other plants. It was indicated that pioneer moss species promote the accumulation of organic matter in saline substrates of the tailings storage. Under moss turfs, the amount of organic carbon increased 2.2–5.0 times, compared with its content in the uncovered substrate. The high variability of the organic matter content is determined by the species characteristics of mosses, primarily their life form. The dense-turf species Didymodon rigidulus and Pthychostomum pseudotriquetrum var. bimum accumulated the most organic matter. The thickness of the litter under the moss turf of these species was much greater than in Barbula unguiculata and Funaria hygrometrica, which form loose turf. We assessed the specificity of the accumulation of organic carbon in the turfs of the studied mosses. It founded that most organic matter accumulated in the dead parts of the moss turf. In the green parts of the shoots of these moss species the amount of organic carbon was 3–4 times less, which indicates a relationship between litter capacity and content of carbon in the substrate under moss turfs. We investigated the influence of mosses on the actual acidity of the tailings storage substrate. Moss turfs promote the increase of acidity of the aqueous solution of the tailings substrate by 0.2–0.5 units. The tailings storage substrates are characterized by a reduction regime. The redox potential of the substrate under moss cover significantly depended on the species characteristics of mosses. Under the moss cover, the redox potential increased by 1.2–1.4 times, compared with the index for the substrate without moss cover. We studied the influence of moss cover on microbial biomass and the quantity of some ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in the substrates of the tailings storage. The amount of microbial biomass under moss turfs increased depending on the degree of the substrate salinization and the species characteristics of the mosses. In areas with a very high degree of salinization under the moss turfs of Didymodon rigidulus and Funaria hygrometrica, the microbial biomass index increased almost two times, compared with the uncovered substrate. We found a significant increase in the quantity of the main ecological and trophic groups of microorganisms (saprophytes, cellulose-destroying bacteria, oligonitrophils and nitrogen fixers) in the substrate under the moss cover. Thus, pioneer moss species have a complex effect on the saline substrate of tailings storage. They accumulate organic matter, increase the acidity of the upper layer, improve the redox regime of the substrate and promote the development of soil microbiota.

scholarly journals David Stewart Jenkinson. 25 February 1928 — 16 February 2011

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 ◽  
pp. 377-411
Author(s):  
David Powlson ◽  
Phil Brookes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Long Term Experiments

David Jenkinson was one of the most influential soil scientists of his generation, bringing new insights into the transformations of organic matter and nitrogen in soil. He spent the majority of his career at Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK. His studies were influential regarding the role of soil carbon stocks in the context of climate change and the role of nitrogen fertilizer in delivering adequate supplies of food for a growing world population. His research encompassed both fundamental studies on soil processes and immensely practical applications of this knowledge, often utilizing the Rothamsted long-term experiments that have run for over 170 years. He is particularly well known for his development of a method for determining the quantity of organic carbon held in the cells of living micro-organisms in soil, termed the ‘soil microbial biomass’. This breakthrough opened the way for a new wave of soil biological research. David developed one of the earliest computer models for the turnover of organic carbon in soil, known as the Rothamsted Carbon Model, RothC. This model, conceptually very simple, has proved highly successful in simulating and predicting changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) content under different management practices worldwide, being used by over 2600 people in 115 countries. His research using the stable isotope of nitrogen, 15 N, in large-scale field experiments drew attention to the factors leading to inefficiencies in the use of nitrogen fertilizer but also demonstrated that it is possible to achieve high efficiency if good agricultural management practices are followed. It also demonstrated, more clearly than previously, the great importance of soil organic matter as a source of nitrogen for crops and the role of the soil microbial biomass both in immobilizing a proportion of applied fertilizer nitrogen and also in causing confusion in the interpretation of such experiments. By calculating nitrogen budgets for the Rothamsted long-term experiments he quantified the deposition of nitrogen compounds from atmosphere to land, laying foundations for later studies concerning the ecological and agricultural impacts of this significant input of nitrogen.

scholarly journals The Role of Organic Matter on Uranium Precipitation in Zoovch Ovoo, Mongolia

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Rallakis ◽  
Raymond Michels ◽  
Marc Brouand ◽  
Olivier Parize ◽  
Michel Cathelineau
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Late Cretaceous ◽  
Uranium Deposit ◽  
Vitrinite Reflectance ◽  
Driven Systems ◽  
Sem Observation ◽  
Organic Matter Type ◽  
Clay Layers

The Zoovch Ovoo uranium deposit is located in East Gobi Basin in Mongolia. It is hosted in the Sainshand Formation, a Late Cretaceous siliciclastic reservoir, in the lower part of the post-rift infilling of the Mesozoic East Gobi Basin. The Sainshand Formation corresponds to poorly consolidated medium-grained sandy intervals and clay layers deposited in fluvial-lacustrine settings. The uranium deposit is confined within a 60- to 80-m-thick siliciclastic reservoir inside aquifer driven systems, assimilated to roll-fronts. As assessed by vitrinite reflectance (%Rr < 0.4) and molecular geochemistry, the formation has never experienced significant thermal maturation. Detrital organic matter (type III and IV kerogens) is abundant in the Zoovch Ovoo depocenter. In this framework, uranium occurs as: (i) U-rich macerals without any distinguishable U-phase under SEM observation, containing up to 40 wt % U; (ii) U expressed as UO2 at the rims of large (several millimeters) macerals and (iii) U oxides partially to entirely replacing macerals, while preserving the inherited plant texture. Thus, uranium is accumulated gradually in the macerals through an organic carbon–uranium epigenization process, in respect to the maceral’s chemistry and permeability. Most macerals are rich in S and, to a lesser extent, in Fe. Frequently, Fe and S contents do not fit the stoichiometry of pyrite, although pyrite also occurs as small inclusions within the macerals. The organic matter appears thus as a major redox trap for uranium in this kind of geological setting.

USE OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER BY MICROORGANISMS: FORMATION OF WATER QUALITY IN A POND OF A HIGH TROPHIC LEVEL

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Sadchikov ◽  
Sergey Ostroumov
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Trophic Level ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
High Trophic Level ◽  
Bacterioplankton Community ◽  
Algae And Bacteria

The role of algae and bacteria in the consumption and mineralization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a highly trophic aquatic ecosystem was studied. The phytoplankton and bacterioplankton community consumed 60% of added DOM in August and 56% of DOM in September. Of the uptaken DOM, a significant amount of organic carbon was mineralized. In August 42.7% and in September 29% of organic carbon (of the consumed organic matter) were used for respiration.

scholarly journals Ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 96-101
Author(s):  
Dil Kumar Limbu ◽  
Madan Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Carbon

The soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon ratio is a useful measure to monitor soil organic matter and serves as a sensitive index than soil organic carbon alone. Thus, the objective of this study is to identify and quantify the present status of ratio of soil microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon in Himalayan rangeland and to make recommendations for enhancing balance between microbial carbon and organic carbon of the soil. To meet the aforementioned objective, a field study was conducted from 2011 to 2013 following the Walkley-Black, Chromic acid wet oxidation method, and chloroform fumigation method for analysis of microbial carbon and organic carbon respectively. The study showed that the heavily grazed plot had significantly less value of ratio than occasionally grazed and ungrazed plots. The ratio was significantly high on legume seeding plot compared to nonlegume plot, but the ratio was independent of soil depth. Soil microbial biomass appeared to be more responsive than soil organic matter.

scholarly journals Microbiological characterization of land set-aside before and after Roundup desiccation

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Růžková ◽  
L. Růžek ◽  
K. Voříšek ◽  
P. Vráblík ◽  
D. Musilová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Arylsulfatase Activity ◽  
Pure Cultures

Luvic chernozem (set-aside from 1996) was evaluated. The first period, before Roundup desiccation (2002&ndash;2003), was characterized by black, spontaneous and controlled fallows (mowed with the removal of plant biomass or mulched); the following period (2003&ndash;2004) by black fallow with repeated Roundup applications; and the last period (2004&ndash;2006) involved re-grassing by a mowed Lolium multiflorum Lam. monoculture. The characterization included microbial biomass, available organic carbon, basal respiration, metabolic quotient, biomass-specific available organic carbon, arylsulfatase activity, soil organic matter carbon and total nitrogen. Mulching of pure cultures of grasses and legumes contributed to a high soil organic matter accumulation. Repeated Roundup desiccation caused a strong (highly significant) decrease of arylsulfatase activity (&ndash;28%), however highly significant increase of microbial biomass (+69%) and nitrate-nitrogen (+86%) were determined. The subsequent re-grassing compensated the changes described. The soil biological properties were best preserved on mulched fallow with Lotus corniculatus L. and Festuca pratensis L., also in regard to contamination with weeds.

scholarly journals Effect of land management without farmyard manure application on the amount and the ectivity of soil microbial biomass

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 352-358
Author(s):  
T. Števlíková ◽  
J. Vjatráková ◽  
S. Javoreková ◽  
S. Mátéová
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Manure Application ◽  
Year 2000

Four kinds of cereal crops were grown without farmyard manure application. The effect of farmyard manure was supposed to be replaced by post-harvest residues (PH treatment) or by ploughing the total by-product, i.e. straw (PZ treatment) into soil. After seven years of application, this soil farming system did not influence the contents of Cox and Nt in soil. The amount of organic carbon had declined after the first year, but in the following years it remained at the same level (1.2%). The total nitrogen content increased from 0.143 to 0.166% without any considerable difference between the treatments. The amount of microbial biomass (C<sub>mic</sub>) in PH treatment had been varying and in 2000 it decreased approximately by a half (from 215.96 to 132.00 mg C/kg of soil dry matter). The input of organic matter due to ploughing the whole by-product (PZ treatment) into soil acted favourably and the value of C<sub>mic</sub> in 2000 was quite comparable with the average values of the individual years of 1994&ndash;1997. This land management and cereal growing caused a reduction of the ratio of microbial biomass carbon to soil organic carbon (C<sub>mic</sub>/C<sub>org</sub>). In the year 2000, the values decreased from 2.59 to 1.09% and from 2.88 to 1.82% in PH and PZ treatments, respectively. The amount of the biologically releasable nitrogen (Nbiol) and the intensity of nitrification were the highest in the year 2000. There was a moderate negative correlation (r = &ndash;0.474) between the N<sub>biol</sub> values and biomass amount values in PZ treatment, and a very close negative one (r = &ndash;0.972) in PH treatment. This relation became strong in both treatments when the values Cmic/Corg and Nbiol were compared, i.e. r<sub>PH</sub> = &ndash;0.863 and r<sub>PZ</sub> = &ndash;0.921. The results confirmed that the amount and the quality of organic matter influence microbial biomass and its activity which is responsible for the nutrient release.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal inoculation and treatment with biochar and compost from pruning waste improve the qualitative properties of a calcareous soil under wheat cultivation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghayeh Vahedi ◽  
MirHassan Rasouli-Sadaghiani ◽  
Mohsen Barin ◽  
Ramesh Raju Vetukuri
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Organic Material ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Simultaneous Application ◽  
Biological Indices ◽  
Amf Inoculation

Most calcareous soils have relatively low levels of organic matter. To address this issue and improve the qualitative properties of calcareous soils, soils can be treated with mycorrhizal fungi and/or exogenous organic material such as biochar or compost derived from tree pruning waste. To evaluate the effect of pruning waste biochar (PWB) and pruning waste compost (PWC) derived from apple and grape trees combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on the biological indices of calcareous soils, a rhizobox study on wheat plants using a completely randomized design was conducted under greenhouse conditions. The studied factors included the source of the type of organic material applied (PWB, PWC, and control), the nature of the microbial inoculation (inoculation with AMF or no inoculation), and the zone to which the treatments were applied (rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil). At the end of the plant growth period, organic carbon (OC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass phosphorous (MBP), microbial respiration (BR), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), alkaline (ALP), acid (ACP) phosphatase enzyme activities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, and root mycorrhizal colonization were determined. Simultaneous application of a source of organic matter and AMF inoculation significantly increased the OC and biological indices of soil relative to those observed when applying organic matter without AMF inoculation. Additionally, MBC, MBP, ACP and ALP - enzymes activities in the rhizosphere zone were significantly higher than in the non-rhizosphere. AMF increased BR and SIR levels in the rhizosphere by 13.06% and 7.95% compared to non-rhizosphere, respectively. It can be concluded that in calcareous soils with low organic carbon contents, organic amendments such as PWC and PWB can improve soil biological properties by increasing microbial activity and changing the properties of the rhizosphere.

scholarly journals Soil Characteristics in Moist Tropical Forest of Sunsari District, Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tilak Prasad Gautam ◽  
Tej Narayan Mandal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Water Holding

The physico-chemical properties of soils of tropical moist forest (Charkoshe jungle) in Sunsari district of eastern Nepal were analyzed. The samples were collected during summer season from three depths: upper (0-15 cm), middle (15-30 cm) and deep (30-45 cm). They were analyzed for texture, pH, moisture, water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic matter and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. The forest soil of upper and middle layers was loamy whereas that of deep layer was sandy loam. The pH value was lower (5.6) in upper layer than in the deep layer (6.6). The moisture content, water holding capacity, organic carbon, total nitrogen and organic matter were higher in upper layer and decreased with increasing depth. The higher level of soil nutrients in upper layer was due partly to reduction in the loss of top soil and partly to the increased supply of nutrients from the decomposed form of litter and fine roots of the forest plants. The average value of microbial biomass carbon in the soil was 676.6 μg g-¹and microbial biomass nitrogen was 59.0 μg g-¹. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 1 (2013) 35-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i1.8876

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