scholarly journals The chemical composition of precipitation in Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Khilchevskyi ◽  
S. M. Kurylo ◽  
N. P. Sherstyuk ◽  
M. R. Zabokrytska
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Impact

This article provides characteristic of the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine and its potential impact on the environment and water bodies. In Ukraine, the rainfall is 650 mm/year in the northwest of the country (mixed forests), up to 300 mm/year in the south (steppe zone), in the Ukrainian Carpathians - up to 1,600 mm/year. Acidity of atmospheric precipitation (pH) on the territory of Ukraine according to monitoring meteorological stations is 5.9-6.3. Minimum values of mineralization of atmospheric precipitation are observed in a zone of mixed forests in the north of the country. In particular, according to the weather station of Teteriv, the mineralization of atmospheric precipitation is 27.0 mg/l. In forest-steppe and steppe zones, this rate gradually increases to 35-45 mg/l, reaching a maximum in the steppe zone at the Askania-Nova meteorological station (82.4 mg/l). In the chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation, anion predominates sulfates, and among cations - magnesium. Anthropogenic component of the total mineralization of atmospheric precipitation, calculated for the first time on the territory of Ukraine (meteorological station Kobelyaki) by comparison with the regional natural background, is 69%. Concentration of sulfate ions (8-24 mg/l) in atmospheric precipitation on the territory of Ukraine shows a high level of pollution with sulfur, which corresponds to IV-V levels o environmental pollution. It is noted that with increasing concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation a tendency towards a decrease in the pH in the water of Svityaz Lake is projected. Current research shows that at high concentrations of sulfates in atmospheric precipitation, the risk of falling individual rains with low pH (so-called acid rains) increases. Waters of high concentration of organic matter and low mineralization of water are widely distributed on the territory of Ukraine (catchments of Polissya and the Carpathian region): up to 100 mg/l in the meadows and up to 30 mg/l in the flood period. Often, the pH of water in them is 6-6.5 and precipitation of acidic precipitation can significantly affect their hydroecological state. The obtained results on the influence of chemical composition of atmospheric precipitation on water objects have a diagnostic character. For more specific results, special synchronized studies of the chemical composition of the water of experimental water reservoirs with sampling ofatmospheric precipitation are required.

scholarly journals Taxonomic composition of weed vegetation in the southern and middle Urals and zonal features of its control in maize crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03024
Author(s):  
A.E. Panfilov ◽  
N.I. Kazakova ◽  
N.N. Zezin ◽  
E.L. Tikhanskaya ◽  
P.Yu. Ovchinnikov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Urals ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Temperate Soil ◽  
Segetal Flora

As a result of expeditionary-route studies, the impoverishment of the composition of the segetal flora in maize crops was established when moving from the North-West to the South-East of the Ural region: from 37 species in the forest-meadow and mountain-forest zones to 10 in the steppe zone. Zonal features of the composition of weed communities associated with the hydrothermal gradient consist in the mutual substitution of annual monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species with a stable contribution of perennial dicotyledons, as well as the replacement of mesophytic weeds with xerophytic species of the same families. A comparison of cross-spectrum herbicides effectiveness in the forest-steppe and forest-meadow zones showed the advantages of a post-emergent preparation with soil effect of Meister Power. In temperate soil fertility in the Southern area of the region, it is economically feasible to use post-emergent herbicides without soil effect, in Northern areas with stable moisture – soil ones.

scholarly journals Current Status of Water Bodies of Karelia as a Result of Natural, Climatic and Anthropogenic Factors’ Impact

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Reservoir Water

It has been shown that the status of some Karelian water bodies had changed as a result of human impact and atmospheric precipitation has a role in the surface waters’ chemical composition formation. Assessment of biogenic elements and organic matter input to the Lake Onego and the Lake Ladoga from various natural and anthropogenic sources has been done. Higher load from point sources in comparison with diffuse sources has been registered for the Lake Onego in comparison with the Lake Ladoga. Many-year change of the Vygozero reservoir water chemical composition has been presented. This reservoir receives the Segezh paper-pulp plant waste waters and the Kenti River system waters with technogenic waters from the Kostomuksha mining/concentrating plant. It has been stated that atmospheric precipitations serve the main source of the biogenic elements and heavy metals input, while input of mineral and organic substances with the precipitation is insignificant. For the first time assessment of the Karelian water bodies’ state caused by the natural, climatic, and anthropogenic factors’ impact has been done.

A survey of the weevils of Ukraine (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) 

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4404 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI YUNAKOV ◽  
VITALIJ NAZARENKO ◽  
ROSTISLAV FILIMONOV ◽  
SEMYON VOLOVNIK
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marshes ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Mixed Forests ◽  
Central European ◽  
Crimean Mountains ◽  
East European ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
European Forest

The fauna of weevils Curculionoidea of Ukraine numbers 1453 species equivalent to 25.3% of European fauna. They belong to 10 families and 364 genera. A total of 51 species are recorded from Ukraine for the first time. Assessment of inventory completeness indicates that 62% of the area of Ukraine are covered by samples. Spatial join analysis has reveals strong collecting biases and shows maximal richness in cells which fall into well-sampled provinces. A total of 22 out of 33 studied model sites are well-sampled (C>0.5). In total, we estimate ca.1470 species of Curculionoidea living in Ukraine. Curculionidae comprise the majority (82%) of the fauna, with 1202 species and 266 genera, and with remarkably high proportion of the three largest subfamilies: Entiminae (26%), Curculioninae (19%), and Ceutorhynchinae (18%). Consolidated data analysis shows highest richness (678–822 spp.) in provinces which fall into the mountain areas. Aggregated species richness for each of five ecoregions uncovers highest values in Pontic steppe (665 species) and East European forest-steppe (593 species). Habitat distribution of weevils is strongly uneven. Most of the richness (565 spp.) is harboured in lowland broadleaf forests. Salt marshes, salt steppes and sands are extreme habitats with low richness but high proportion of habitat specialists. Only 141 dominant species representing 18% of the total fauna but make up to 63% of the total population of weevils in Ukraine. Endemic species comprise a small proportion of the fauna but are remarkably concentrated in the mountains of Crimea (24 species) and the Carpathians (25 species). Along with ‘true’ endemics, 210 species are narrowly-ranged non-endemics and also have higher concentration in Crimea and the Carpathians (105 and 38 spp.). A total of 82 species are qualified as widely-ranged with high concentration in Central European Mixed Forests and East European Forest Steppe (71 spp. on average per province).        The high diversity and evenness of weevil assemblages is shown by species sequence curve analysis in the Crimean Mountains, the Carpathians, steppes and lowland broad leaf forests, which contrasts with assemblages in lowland mixed forests. Shannon-Wiener and Simpson indices both show an extremely broad range of evenness in the Pontic Steppes which have both assemblages with low evenness in Stipa-Festuca-Koeleria steppes and high evenness in Stipa-Bromopsis steppes (H' =1.87–4.22). East European Forest Steppe and Central European Mixed Forests harbour similarly even communities (H' =3.60–4.48 vs. 3.18–4.57). The Crimean Mountains and the Carpathians are defined as a hotspot of biodiversity combining the highest scores of endemics, R1 species, and highest alpha diversity. Host plants are documented for 1259 species. Some 83% of weevils feed on live tissues of angiosperm plants belonging to 64 families. A total of 258 species are confirmed as polyphagous, 8 as monophagous, thus the majority of the rest are more or less narrowly oligophagous. A total of 33.68% of the species are associated with Fabaceae, Asteraceae, and Brassicaceae. 

The genesis, classification, and melioration of gleyed podzolic chernozem-like soils in the north of the forest-steppe zone of European Russia

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-68
Author(s):  
F. R. Zaidelman ◽  
L. V. Stepantsova ◽  
A. S. Nikiforova ◽  
V. N. Krasin ◽  
S. B. Safronov
Keyword(s):  
Steppe Zone ◽  
European Russia ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The North

scholarly journals Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of the pioneer vegetation of Ukraine Classes: Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Dmytro V. Dubyna ◽  
Tetiana P. Dziuba ◽  
Svitlana M. Iemelianova ◽  
Lyubov M. Felbaba-Klushyna
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Ecological Differentiation ◽  
Pioneer Vegetation ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Level

Abstract The studies of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of water bodies are of particular interest owing to the specific ecology of these habitats and the short cycle for their development in which periods of flooding and subsequent drainage alternate. Using the methods of phytosociological classification and cluster analysis based on the interpretation of 414 phytosociological relevés, the syntaxonomic structure of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of the water bodies of Ukraine has been established that are represented by the phytosociological classes Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea. The class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea includes 8 associations that belong to 2 alliances and 1 order and the class Bidentetea includes 10 associations belonging to 2 alliances and 1 order. Phytocoenoses of both classes are more typical for the Polissia region and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, where there are favourable habitats with a flat relief, low degree of dissection and a high level of soil humidity. Using a DCA ordination analysis of associations their position in ecological space was determined. It was established that the main factors of ecological differentiation for Isoëto-Nanojuncetea habitats are soil humidity, soil aeration, nitrogen content, as well as temperature regime. Differentiation in the hyperspace of abiotic factors of the class Bidentetea occurs mainly along the gradients of soil humidity, salt regime and acidity. The ecological distribution of syntaxa of this class is also significantly influenced by the concentration of mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil.

scholarly journals The Sites of the Early Nomads on the North-East Periphery of the Sarmatian World

2019 ◽  
pp. 97-109
Author(s):  
Aleksander Tairov
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Burial Rites ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region

The paper publishes new materials of the early Sarmatian time from the North-East periphery of the Sarmatian World – the Southern forest-steppe and steppe zones of the Trans-Ural region within the bounds of the modern Chelyabinsk region. The territory of the Southern forest-steppe is represented by the materials of the ruined burial, which is situated on the shore of the lake Smolino within the bounds of Chelyabinsk. It is dated by the early 4th century BC. There are three accidental finds from this region: iron daggers as well. The daggers with curved bar-shaped pommels and arcuate cross-guards are classified as daggers of “transitional type” and are dated by the 4th century BC. The third dagger with a semicircular pommel and a straight cross-guard is included in the group of classical Prokhorovka daggers and is dated the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC. This paper presents the materials of two peculiar burial complexes from the steppe zone of the Southern Trans-Urals. The burial near Mogutovka village is the only one burial (without a barrow) of the early Sarmatian time, which was investigated in the Southern Trans-Ural region. It is situated on the first terrace above the floodplain of the Kamysty-Ayat river. The localization of the burial is not typical for the sites of the early Trans-Ural nomads of the 1st millennium BC. The early Sarmatian burial of the 3rd – 2nd centuries BC was excavated in Druzhinskiy burial site. It was made in the burial pit, which combines signs of a catacomb and an alcove. A child buried here was dressed in a shirt, whose collar and sleeves were decorated with beading. Publishing materials will help to expand the point of view on burial rites and material culture of the early Trans-Ural nomads of the early Sarmatian time, which exists in scientific literature.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENTIFIC BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN AGROLANDSCAPES

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
Yu. O. Mikhailov ◽  
A. M. Shevchenko ◽  
Iu. Yu. Danylenko ◽  
S. M. Liutnytskyi ◽  
I. L. Goncharuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Available Volume

 Quantitative and qualitative depletion of water resources in Ukraine because of the increase in climate aridity make the problem of integrated surface and ground water management more urgent. The integrated management is based on the water balance of the territories, which automatically takes into account natural and artificial features of water use. The paper presents the results of a long term research aimed at resolving the problems of scientific support of integrated water resources management in Ukraine in the context of climate change. The plans for integrated water management are developed according to the administrative principle allowing optimization of the structure of water consumption and the assessment of available water resources capacity to meet water demand of the required quality without environmental risk for aquatic ecosystems and population. The surface and ground water in Ukraine have spatially homogeneous hydrochemical spectrum, which characterizes the concentration anions and cations in water and the nature of their change at different water exchange rates. Studies of hydrochemical spectrum have shown that its basic parameters are much higher for groundwater than for surface water. The results of the study on the spatial changes in the chemical composition of surface waters in the Dnipro river basin testify to the distinct homogeneity of their hydrochemical spectrum, which gives the reason to limit in practice observations of changes in the chemical composition of water to local points. As the experimental data are accumulated and the geospatial analysis of hydrochemical spectrum is made, the number of such points can be reduced ten times without significant negative impact on the reliability of the final results. It is possible to draw up a water balance with the use of correlation functions, the observance of which will guarantee the rational water resources use, based on their actual available volume and restrictions on the total water inflow, filtration losses, surface runoff (discharges). The water balance in the graphical representation is described by a linear function, which cuts the average of the sum of expendable elements on the ordinate axis over the entire observation period. The tangent of the slope of the graph represents the coefficient of water supply. The scope of this methodological approach's application is limited only by the availability of raw data. There are sufficient data from precipitation observations, water abstraction from all sources in volumes comparable to precipitation and more. It is also desirable to have observations of groundwater level fluctuations and air moisture deficit. The experimental research confirmed a high positive impact on the water resources formation made by forests, shelterbelts and meadows. In the humid zone it is possible to separate natural landscapes of wetlands and floodplains (60% of the territory), in the southern part - transitional landscapes that replace artificial agrolandscapes (40% of the territory). In arid climate conditions, the types of landscapes differ in the area of irrigated lands and the density of shelterbelts. Agrolandscapes are complex natural-technical systems. In most cases, when investigating their impact on the processes of formation and use of water, it is possible to operate a finite number of interconnected parts (subsystems). The purpose of such separation on subsystems is to obtain typical areas for which spatial structure of agricultural landscapes can be experimentally evaluated and the nature of its relationship with the factors of surface water resources formation can be determined. According to the assessment of water balance of rural territories, their water resources potential is equal to the sum of atmospheric precipitation and the volumes of water entering the balance space due to its withdraw for economic needs from surface and ground water bodies. When drawing up water balance for a hydrological year, water resources do not include precipitation, which is almost completely converted to river flow. The available volume of water for use should include the volume of water, the removal of which from natural or artificial circulation will not lead to negative environmental impacts or increase the cost of economic activity and restoration of fresh water bodies. The volume of water available for use is also limited by its qualitative indicators, which in turn are determined by its chemical composition (spectrum).

scholarly journals Zonal character of the flora of kurgans in central and southern Ukraine

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sudnik-Wójcikowska ◽  
Ivan Moysiyenko
Keyword(s):  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Desert Steppe ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Vegetation Zones ◽  
Floristic Studies ◽  
Southern Ukraine

Zonal character of the flora of kurgans in central and southern UkraineIn the years 2004-2010 floristic studies were carried out on kurgans in 4 different climatic/vegetation zones: 3 steppe zones (west and central Pontic desert steppe, west Pontic grass steppe, west and central Pontic herb-rich grass-steppe) and a forest steppe zone. Among the 450 kurgans surveyed, 106 barrows met the selection criteria. The species composition and the contribution of different life forms to the flora of kurgans changed along the north-south gradient. Jaccard's similarity coefficient and Wards clustering method were used to compare the qualitative composition of flora in particular zones. The results of this comparison confirmed floristic differences between kurgans located in the four zones. Kurgans in the desert steppe zone proved to have the most distinct flora among the floras considered. The biggest similarities were found between the flora of kurgans in the forest steppe zone and that of barrows in the west and central Pontic herb rich grass steppe.

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