Information field for historical research

The article considers the main stages of the historiography of the ideological and political life of Russia in 1971 – 1991, the authors distinguish two stages of the historiography problems: 1971 – late 1980s - the beginning of 1990s; end 1980s - the beginning of 1990s - beginning of XXI century. The first stage is characterized by methodological monism. The main attention of researchers was paid to the problems of propaganda of Marxist-Leninist ideology, ideological and political education of Soviet citizens. The second phase of historiography was methodological revolution when there a critical re-evaluation of the historical way the Soviet State had passed took place. The main focus of historical research during Perestroika was on such problems as: dissidence, protest movement, the activities of informal organizations. The article analyzes the historiography of dissidence and concludes that researchers created a scientific base that can serve as a basis for further study of this topic.

Daily Existence of Karl Marx Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute during the Great Patriotic War (According to Contemporary Recollections)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽

10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.3.11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 145-155

Author(s):

Kupchenko Konstantin ◽

Nikitina Natalia

Keyword(s):

Karl Marx ◽

Military Training ◽

Historical Research ◽

Main Task ◽

Historical Science ◽

Strict Adherence ◽

Great Patriotic War ◽

Pedagogical Institute ◽

History Of ◽

Methodological Guidelines

issues of the daily life of educational establishments in the Western regions of the Soviet Union which were attacked and occupied in the early period of the Great Patriotic War have been touched upon in this article. The essence of historical science of war is that the paradigm is confined to the study of military operations and battles being the subject of numerous studies, scientific events, documentary chronicles. Many social history moments of wars have undeserved on the fringes of the scientific field of studying these problems. The history of everyday life has recently become a current historical research direction in the national historical science, allowing to reconstruct many events often unfairly unreported in scientific research and left in archival material or memoirs of the their direct participants. The relevance of the project stems from the very limited knowledge of the problem which has not been reflected either in the specialized studies or in the comprehensive studies of history of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and the region in whole. The main task of the present study is to identify previously inaccessible information on the employees and students of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute who took part directly in the events described, introduction of new historical sources of science, especially personal sources. The work is based on strict adherence to the principle of historism. The article uses the most scientific and productive methodological guidelines of modern historical research directions. The main approach is historical-anthropological. The integrated approach of the study involves the following methods: historical description, historical analysis, comparative history, microhistory. The whole complex of archival heuristics tools is used in the work with the documents. In view of the lack of special works, the individual archives on the topic of the study were based on the materials identified in personal collections, common archives, relating to the military period of the region, memoirs and recollections of witnesses and direct participants in the events described in the proceedings. The study shows that since the first days of the war the staff and students of the Institute were involved in general activities aimed at organization of defense, at the opposition to the enemy, at evacuattion: to ensure the security of buildings and property, to attract to economic, defensive activities, assisting fighter squads. The authors note that at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the main activities directed to mobilization, defense and evacuation measures in Smolensk Pedagogical Institute were assigned to the Department of Military Training as the most prepared for work in extreme conditions. It has been shown in the article that in July 1941 due to the occupation of the city Smolensk Pedagogical Institute ceased to function as a teaching unit and it resumed its activity only after the liberation of the region in autumn 1943.

Historiographical facts and political practice in Russia in the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries

Istoricheskii vestnik ◽

10.35549/hr.2022.2021.38.010 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Г.Н. Ланской

Keyword(s):

Control Strategies ◽

Historical Research ◽

Political Practice ◽

Historical Science ◽

Political Actors ◽

The Past ◽

And Control ◽

Coordination And Control ◽

Development And Evolution

Статья посвящена истории связи между развитием исторической науки и политической практики в России. В контексте этого развития представлены, с одной стороны, эволюция исторических исследований и их координации и, с другой стороны, трансформация подхода институциональных структур государства к выбору управленческой стратегии в руководстве работой историков. В качестве примера для исследования обозначенной проблемы выбран период с начала XVIII до начала XXI века, потому что в его рамках была сформирована практика профессиональной деятельности в сфере историографии как процесса человеческой деятельности. Особое внимание в статье адресовано к роли идеологии в формировании различных моделей связи между работой историков и политических деятелей по конструированию образа прошлого, настоящего и будущего развития российской истории. The article reveals the connection between the historical science development and evolution of political practice in Russia.In that context shown are the course of the historical research and the coordination and control strategies implemented by the state, including institutional transformations.As a subject of current research was taken the period from the XVIII – beginning of the XXI centuries, when historiography became a profession and was institutionalized.Special attention is driven to the role of ideology in adopting different models of interaction between historians and political actors, while framing the image of the past, the present and the future of Russia.

A psycho-historical research program for the integrative science of art

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x12002464 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 163-180 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Nicolas J. Bullot ◽

Rolf Reber

Keyword(s):

Research Program ◽

Necessary Conditions ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Historical Research ◽

Historical Science ◽

Target Article ◽

Design Stance ◽

Integrative Science

AbstractCritics of the target article objected to our account of art appreciators' sensitivity to art-historical contexts and functions, the relations among the modes of artistic appreciation, and the weaknesses of aesthetic science. To rebut these objections and justify our program, we argue that the current neglect of sensitivity to art-historical contexts persists as a result of a pervasive aesthetic–artistic confound; we further specify our claim that basic exposure and the design stance are necessary conditions of artistic understanding; and we explain why many experimental studies do not belong to a psycho-historical science of art.

Information and Computer Technologies as a Research Tool in the Works of Historians of Central Asia

Izvestiya of Altai State University ◽

10.14258/izvasu(2020)2-17 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 102-106

Author(s):

R.T. Elemanova

Keyword(s):

Central Asia ◽

Information And Communication Technologies ◽

Interdisciplinary Approach ◽

Communication Technologies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Historical Research ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Historical Science ◽

Computer Technologies ◽

Information And Communication

The article considers the possibilities of using information and computer technologies in historical research in Central Asia. Today, when there are discussions among Asian historians about a differentiated approach to the study of history and a desire to preserve the traditional directions of historical science that were laid down in the last century, there is an urgent need to use an interdisciplinary approach. The development of historical geoinformatics at the present stage can be identified that is continuously associated with the level of informatization of society, when information and communication technologies have become an integral part of everyday life, a change in the theory and methodology of historical science. Revolutionary changes in the theoretical development of an understanding of the essence of historical processes naturally led to a change in the methodology of history. The problem of information and computer technologies efficiency, in particular geoinformation, in scientific historical research, from a theoretical and methodological point of view is being posed and solved. Since the mid-1990s, the main emphasis has been shifted to the use of multimedia tools and methods and the use of global communications - the Internet. For the preservation, presentation of cultural heritage is an urgent task, the solution of which in a century of rapidly developing information and communication technologies is impossible without the use of new information technology.

The Forgotten Enlightener: Shiga Shigetaka (1863-1927)

10.26686/wgtn.16945717 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Masako Gavin

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

World Order ◽

World War ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Contemporary World ◽

The People ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Political Activist ◽

The Many ◽

Two Stages

<p>Shiga Shigetaka (1863-1927) is generally known among scholars of Japanese intellectual history as the pioneering advocate of kokusui shugi (maintenance of Japan's cultural identity), a theory which called for spiritual solidarity in the late 1880s when Japan was facing increasing pressure from the West. He is also regarded as an intellectual opponent of his contemporary, journalist Tokutomi Soho (1863-1957), who advocated heimin shugi, total modernisation of Japan. Their so-called rivalry has been understood as Shigetaka being "conservative" and Soho, "progressive", despite the many parallels in their ideas regarding the necessity for industrialisation of Japan: the myth has been created that Shigetaka's ideas are synonymous with those of the "conservative" intellectuals, particularly the "Confucian" scholars (jukyo shugi sha). In fact, Shigetaka strongly rejected the "conservative" label and criticised the "Confucian" scholars when their influence culminated in the promulgation of the Imperial Rescript on Education in 1890 and also when the National Morality Movement gained nation-wide support after 1910. However, his criticism of them has not been sufficiently studied and existing discussions of his thought predominantly focus on the kokusui issue. Other studies deal with Shigetaka as geographer, political activist, and global traveller, but tend to be rather sketchy. Above all, they do not concern themselves with his thoughts on education, which are particularly significant in light of his opposition to the "Confucian" scholars' attempts to achieve national moral control. Despite his opposition, there has been another longstanding myth about him: his kokusui advocacy and his purpose of promotion as well as popularisation of the study of the geography have been interpreted as leading towards Japan's later imperialism. One of the purposes of this study is to challenge these two myths, (Shigetaka as a "conservative" intellectual and Shigetaka as a forerunner of imperialism), by focussing on the areas of his work overlooked by the previous scholars. This thesis presents a more realistic picture of Shigetaka's intellectual activity by examining his thought in two stages: the late 1880s when he advocated Japan's economic reform supported by national (spiritual) solidarity; and after 1910 when he began his outspoken criticism of the "Confucian" scholars. By analysing his criticism of the "Confucian" scholars, the discourse attempts to establish the following two points: first, that the "Confucian" scholars were Shigetaka's intellectual opponents; second, that he was an anti-imperialist who strongly opposed Japan's march towards the "suicidal" World War Two. The thesis also identifies the close relationship between Shigetaka's beliefs regarding education and economic reforms and those of Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901), the most influential enlightener of 1870s in Japan. Both Fukuzawa and Shigetaka had participated in missions overseas and both believed in Western studies, although Shigetaka warned against too indiscriminate an adoption of Westernisation because of his findings of the demeaning effect of Western culture in the South Seas. This thesis demonstrates how Shigetaka supported his reform advocacy with first-hand observations of current world affairs. He believed that Japan's survival and respect in the fast-changing world order depended on education and it was vital to promote and popularise geography as a curricular subject and as a way of understanding the contemporary world. He aimed at not only educating the people through institutions, but also enlightening the general public through journalism. Consequently, this thesis suggests that his views on education, to which insufficient weight has been given until now, are essential to understanding the intellectual activity of this "forgotten enlightener".</p>

“...The Daughter of Glorious Leontius”: Historical Role and Literary Works of Aelia Eudocia Augusta in Modern Historiography (Based on Tatyana Aleksandrova’s Book “Byzantine Empress Athenais-Eudocia. Life and Works in the Context of the Reign of Emperor Theodosius II (401–450)”. Saint Petersburg, Aleteya Publ., 2018. 416 p.)

Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta Serija 4 Istorija Regionovedenie Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija ◽

10.15688/jvolsu4.2019.6.27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 338-344

Author(s):

Anton Anashkin

Keyword(s):

Historical Research ◽

Historical Science ◽

Academic Interest ◽

Saint Petersburg ◽

Literary Context ◽

Historical Figure ◽

Academic Researchers ◽

Historical Role ◽

Byzantine History

Introduction. The article analyzes the contents of the monograph “Byzantine Empress Athenais-Eudocia. Life and Works in the Context of the Reign of Emperor Theodosius II (401–450)” by Tatyana Aleksandrova. It is devoted to the personality of Empress Eudocia (ca. 405–460) and her poetical heritage in the context of the period. Discussion. Over the recent decades academic interest in personalities has grown significantly. And it is not only within the framework of historical science. The genre of historical research has become very popular among many Russian and Western academic researchers. Because of such attention to personalities one of the urgent tasks of modern Byzantine studies is studying works of little-known or “secondary” Byzantine authors. These ones include the personality of royal poetess Aelia Eudocia Augusta (ca. 405–460). The scale of her activity and influence on the Byzantine culture is still poorly understood. Analysis. As a historical figure and poetess Eudocia attracted attention of researchers of Byzantine history and literature more than once. Historiography is mostly characterized by a certain duality of the approach to studying the personality and works of Eudocia. It often happens that researchers consider Eudocia the author and Eudocia the Empress as two different persons. Tatyana Alexandrova tries to combine both of these approaches and explore the poetic legacy of Eudocia in the historical and literary context of the 5th century. The author of the monograph reconstructs the biography of Eudocia, analyzes and verifies various research hypotheses of the predecessors (A. Cameron, B. Sowers, K. Holum, T. Graumann, C. Bevegni, E. Livrea, etc.). The author of the monograph comes to the conclusion that legends and myths around Eudocia’s name only remotely reflect the reality and their appearance was politically motivated. At the same time, the author studies all attributable poems and works by Eudocia and focuses attention on such ones as the Martyrdom of St. Cyprian and the Homeric centos. Results. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the monograph is an important step in understanding and representing the role of Eudocia in the Byzantine history and culture of the 5th century.

Założenia aksjologiczne i teoretyczno-metodologiczne badań nad upadkiem Rzeczpospolitej w twórczości historycznej Celiny Bobińskiej

Respectus Philologicus ◽

10.15388/respectus.2019.35.40.11 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (40) ◽

pp. 159-168

Author(s):

Piotr Pasisz

Keyword(s):

Full Article ◽

Historical Research ◽

Intellectual Biography ◽

Narrow Sense ◽

Historical Science ◽

Main Research ◽

Source Database ◽

History Of ◽

Research Questions ◽

Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; abstracts in English and Polish]Artykuł przedstawia analizę kwestii upadku I Rzeczpospolitej w wybranych pracach historyka okresu PRL Celiny Bobińskiej. Zagadnienie mieści się w polu badawczym historii historiografii, która w znaczeniu wąskim jest historią nauki historycznej. Badaniа takie są częścią tzw. „podmiotowej historii historiografii” (według określenia Andrzeja Feliksa Grabskiego). Oprócz intelektualnej biografii historyka, analizuje się jego twórczość w kontekście zmian zachodzących w paradygmatach uprawiania badań historycznych. W centrum zainteresowania stawiam założenia teoretyczno-metodologiczne, jakie legły u podstaw badań krakowskiej badaczki, oraz oceny wynikające z przyjęcia konkretnej, historycznie i kulturowo zorientowanej aksjologii. Główne pytania badawcze, jakie sobie stawiam, to: jakie założenia teoretyczno-metodologiczne towarzyszyły jej przy badaniu kwestii upadku państwa polskiego oraz w jaki sposób przyjęta przez nią aksjologia warunkowała oceny tego wydarzenia. Bazę źródłową stanowią wybrane monografie Bobińskiej z lat 1949–1956 jako najbardziej reprezentatywne dla jej twórczości w tym okresie. Axiological and Methodological Assumptions of the Study of the Fall of the First Polish Republic in the Historical Works by Celina Bobińska The article presents an analysis of the fall of the First Polish Republic in selected works of the PRL historian Celina Bobińska. The issue scope follows the field of the history of historiography which in a narrow sense is the history of historical science. Such research is part of using the words of Andrzej Feliks Grabski, so-called “The subjective history of historiography”. In addition to the intellectual biography of the historian, his work is analysed in the context of changes taking place in the paradigms of practising historical research. I focus on the theoretical and methodological assumptions and the assessments resulting from the adoption of a specific, historically and culturally oriented axiology. The main research questions I ask myself are: What theoretical and methodological assumptions accompanied Celina Bobińska during the examination of the question of the collapse of the Polish state and how the axiology accepted by it conditioned the assessment of this event. The source database – selected monographs by Bobińska from 1949–1956 as the most representative of her work during this period.

The Forgotten Enlightener: Shiga Shigetaka (1863-1927)

10.26686/wgtn.16945717.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Masako Gavin

Keyword(s):

Intellectual History ◽

World Order ◽

World War ◽

Intellectual Activity ◽

Contemporary World ◽

The People ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Political Activist ◽

The Many ◽

Two Stages

<p>Shiga Shigetaka (1863-1927) is generally known among scholars of Japanese intellectual history as the pioneering advocate of kokusui shugi (maintenance of Japan's cultural identity), a theory which called for spiritual solidarity in the late 1880s when Japan was facing increasing pressure from the West. He is also regarded as an intellectual opponent of his contemporary, journalist Tokutomi Soho (1863-1957), who advocated heimin shugi, total modernisation of Japan. Their so-called rivalry has been understood as Shigetaka being "conservative" and Soho, "progressive", despite the many parallels in their ideas regarding the necessity for industrialisation of Japan: the myth has been created that Shigetaka's ideas are synonymous with those of the "conservative" intellectuals, particularly the "Confucian" scholars (jukyo shugi sha). In fact, Shigetaka strongly rejected the "conservative" label and criticised the "Confucian" scholars when their influence culminated in the promulgation of the Imperial Rescript on Education in 1890 and also when the National Morality Movement gained nation-wide support after 1910. However, his criticism of them has not been sufficiently studied and existing discussions of his thought predominantly focus on the kokusui issue. Other studies deal with Shigetaka as geographer, political activist, and global traveller, but tend to be rather sketchy. Above all, they do not concern themselves with his thoughts on education, which are particularly significant in light of his opposition to the "Confucian" scholars' attempts to achieve national moral control. Despite his opposition, there has been another longstanding myth about him: his kokusui advocacy and his purpose of promotion as well as popularisation of the study of the geography have been interpreted as leading towards Japan's later imperialism. One of the purposes of this study is to challenge these two myths, (Shigetaka as a "conservative" intellectual and Shigetaka as a forerunner of imperialism), by focussing on the areas of his work overlooked by the previous scholars. This thesis presents a more realistic picture of Shigetaka's intellectual activity by examining his thought in two stages: the late 1880s when he advocated Japan's economic reform supported by national (spiritual) solidarity; and after 1910 when he began his outspoken criticism of the "Confucian" scholars. By analysing his criticism of the "Confucian" scholars, the discourse attempts to establish the following two points: first, that the "Confucian" scholars were Shigetaka's intellectual opponents; second, that he was an anti-imperialist who strongly opposed Japan's march towards the "suicidal" World War Two. The thesis also identifies the close relationship between Shigetaka's beliefs regarding education and economic reforms and those of Fukuzawa Yukichi (1835-1901), the most influential enlightener of 1870s in Japan. Both Fukuzawa and Shigetaka had participated in missions overseas and both believed in Western studies, although Shigetaka warned against too indiscriminate an adoption of Westernisation because of his findings of the demeaning effect of Western culture in the South Seas. This thesis demonstrates how Shigetaka supported his reform advocacy with first-hand observations of current world affairs. He believed that Japan's survival and respect in the fast-changing world order depended on education and it was vital to promote and popularise geography as a curricular subject and as a way of understanding the contemporary world. He aimed at not only educating the people through institutions, but also enlightening the general public through journalism. Consequently, this thesis suggests that his views on education, to which insufficient weight has been given until now, are essential to understanding the intellectual activity of this "forgotten enlightener".</p>

Is a class approach to learn history out of date? Or... (invitation to a discussion)

Samara Journal of Science ◽

10.17816/snv201982233 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 318-324

Author(s):

Georgiy Mikhailovich Ippolitov

Keyword(s):

Communist Party ◽

Complex Problem ◽

Historical Research ◽

Historical Science ◽

State Development ◽

Historical School ◽

Soviet State

In the following paper the author disclosures some aspects of a complex problem. It is a class approach to the assessment of events and phenomena as one of the approaches to learn history. The style is lapidary, with conciseness elements. The author considers fundamental postulates of the Marxist-Leninist concept of a class approach to the assessment of events and phenomena as one of the approaches to learn history. The emphasis is placed here on Lenins understanding of the methodological phenomenon stated above and its development by ideologists of the Communist Party governing the Soviet state. Development of the studied concept in the Soviet historical science is traced. At the same time it is emphasized that eclecticism elements were allowed when scientists confused the concepts principles of a historical research and approaches to learn history. The author considers how the problem of a class approach to assessment of events and phenomena is treated in a Post-Soviet and modern historiography. The author says that this approach hasnt become outdated in historical science as many representatives of so-called liberal historical school consider (dont confuse with V.O. Klyuchevsky) and continues to function. However, it changed manifestation forms and receded a little into the background.