scholarly journals Daily Existence of Karl Marx Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute during the Great Patriotic War (According to Contemporary Recollections)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Kupchenko Konstantin ◽  
Nikitina Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

issues of the daily life of educational establishments in the Western regions of the Soviet Union which were attacked and occupied in the early period of the Great Patriotic War have been touched upon in this article. The essence of historical science of war is that the paradigm is confined to the study of military operations and battles being the subject of numerous studies, scientific events, documentary chronicles. Many social history moments of wars have undeserved on the fringes of the scientific field of studying these problems. The history of everyday life has recently become a current historical research direction in the national historical science, allowing to reconstruct many events often unfairly unreported in scientific research and left in archival material or memoirs of the their direct participants. The relevance of the project stems from the very limited knowledge of the problem which has not been reflected either in the specialized studies or in the comprehensive studies of history of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and the region in whole. The main task of the present study is to identify previously inaccessible information on the employees and students of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute who took part directly in the events described, introduction of new historical sources of science, especially personal sources. The work is based on strict adherence to the principle of historism. The article uses the most scientific and productive methodological guidelines of modern historical research directions. The main approach is historical-anthropological. The integrated approach of the study involves the following methods: historical description, historical analysis, comparative history, microhistory. The whole complex of archival heuristics tools is used in the work with the documents. In view of the lack of special works, the individual archives on the topic of the study were based on the materials identified in personal collections, common archives, relating to the military period of the region, memoirs and recollections of witnesses and direct participants in the events described in the proceedings. The study shows that since the first days of the war the staff and students of the Institute were involved in general activities aimed at organization of defense, at the opposition to the enemy, at evacuattion: to ensure the security of buildings and property, to attract to economic, defensive activities, assisting fighter squads. The authors note that at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the main activities directed to mobilization, defense and evacuation measures in Smolensk Pedagogical Institute were assigned to the Department of Military Training as the most prepared for work in extreme conditions. It has been shown in the article that in July 1941 due to the occupation of the city Smolensk Pedagogical Institute ceased to function as a teaching unit and it resumed its activity only after the liberation of the region in autumn 1943.

scholarly journals Управление Смоленском в период осады 1609–1611 гг.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Kupchenko ◽  
Natalya Nikitina
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines ◽  
The City

The present article deals with poorly researched questions of the functioning of the administrative bodies of Smolensk during the defence period 1609–1611. The work on the basis of current sources and contemporary historiography deals with the management of the Smolensk period. The relevance of the project stems from the very limited knowledge of day-to-day management issues, which have not been reflected in both ad hoc and comprehensive studies of the history of the region during the Dark Time period. The work is based on strict adherence to the principle of historism. The article uses the most scientific and productive methodological guidelines of modern historical research directions. The integrated approach of the study involves the following methods: historical description, historical analysis, comparative, micro-history. The whole complex of archival heuristics tools is used in working with the documentary material. The authors investigate whether there were any changes in the structure of city administration at that time and which authorities in the defense period exercised authority over the population of Smolensk. The powers, competence and practical activities of the voivodeship administration and the civil administration (Zemstvo, Posad) have been examined. The authors conclude that the entire authority in the city was in the hands of the voivodes. It was from them that all orders and orders on organization of the Smolensk army, strengthening of defense capability and regulation of siege life were issued. But at the same time, it is noted that during the siege of 1609–1611. In Smolensk, a peculiar corporation of military and civilian administrative authorities has been formed to coordinate common efforts for the defence of the city.

scholarly journals THE COLLECTION OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR PARTICIPANTS' PERSONAL DOCUMENTS IN SOGASPI AS A SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATIONAL RESOURCE

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-171
Author(s):  
V.V. Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Political History ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Regional State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Informational Resource

The article describes the biographies of the Great Patriotic War participants, analyzes the collection of their documents in the Samara regional state archive of socio-political history, determines its historical and informational potential for specific historical research on the history of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

scholarly journals UIBYSHEV WRITERS DURING THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR (BASED ON THE PERSONAL FUND OF V.E. KOZIN.) (R-1389 TSGASO FOUNDATION)

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
M.A. Ermolaeva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Central State ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
State Archives

The article describes the biography of V.E. Kozin, his personal fund in the Central State Archives of the Samara Region is analyzed, the historical and informational potential of documents of the personal fund for specific historical research on the history of the Kuibyshev Writers' Organization during the Great Patriotic War is determined.

scholarly journals Возвращенная из небытия: борьба за историческую память о 110-й Калмыцкой кавалерийской дивизии. Часть 1

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 937-955
Author(s):  
Utash B. Ochirov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Comparative Methods ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Unit

Introduction. The article analyzes historiography and history of the 110th Kalmyk Cavalry Division, the only ethnic Kalmyk (largely) military unit that was engaged in active combat operations during the Great Patriotic War. However, despite its huge contribution to the heroic struggle against invading troops the unit — worthy of decent memory and respect — got surrounded with defamatory myths that bear no relation to actual events. Since most of the Division’s documents submitted to archives had disappeared, it took several decades to objectively examine its history. Materials and methods. The historical genetic method being a principal one for the present research, the latter also employs historical systemic and comparative methods. The sources analyzed are books and articles, official documents and correspondence from various archival repositories, personal messages and memoirs by veterans of the 110th Kalmyk Cavalry Division and researchers of its history. Results. The article is a consistent review of the unit’s historiography that may be divided into five stages to be designated as follows: 1) period of silence and lies (1943–1957), 2) period of ‘sporadic’ studies (1957–1967), 3) period of active scientific work (1967–1977), 4) period of indifference (1977–2011), and 5) period of new scholarly interest (2011 to the present). The Kalmyk Cavalry Division has long been an object of defamatory insinuations and calumny when it was accused of ‘unreliability’, denounced as a ‘gang’ or even as German collaborators — these had clearly political implications. Meanwhile, the historical research was seriously complicated by the loss of most of its documents although after the disbandment those were duly handed over according to inventory lists along with the banners. This severely obstructed the process of preserving historical memory of the only ethnic Kalmyk unit that fought against the enemy during the Great Patriotic War. Hence, the difficulties that scholars in the field have had to overcome were immense. Part One of the article covers stages one to three. Conclusions. Historiography of the 110th Kalmyk Cavalry Division may be described as a difficult and winding path, with periods of both oblivion and activation experienced.

scholarly journals The role of activity of Orthodox parish clergy in Belarus during the Nazi occupation (1941–1944)

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Silova
Keyword(s):  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Nazi Occupation ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Parish Clergy ◽  
Underground Movements

On the basis of documents from various archives, little-known pages of the history of the Orthodox Church in Belarus during the Great Patriotic War are being investigated. The main directions of activity of the Orthodox clergy during the years of the Nazi occupation, previously not of interest to the national historical science, are revealed. The author reflects the role of individual priests in the normalization and development of parish life and the salvation of parishioners. The examples show the forms of interaction of the Orthodox clergy with partisan and underground movements, the problems of relations with representatives of the occupying power and collaboration.

scholarly journals Założenia aksjologiczne i teoretyczno-metodologiczne badań nad upadkiem Rzeczpospolitej w twórczości historycznej Celiny Bobińskiej

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (40) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Piotr Pasisz
Keyword(s):  
Full Article ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Intellectual Biography ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Source Database ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Article Abstract

[full article, abstract in English; abstracts in English and Polish]Artykuł przedstawia analizę kwestii upadku I Rzeczpospolitej w wybranych pracach historyka okresu PRL Celiny Bobińskiej. Zagadnienie mieści się w polu badawczym historii historiografii, która w znaczeniu wąskim jest historią nauki historycznej. Badaniа takie są częścią tzw. „podmiotowej historii historiografii” (według określenia Andrzeja Feliksa Grabskiego). Oprócz intelektualnej biografii historyka, analizuje się jego twórczość w kontekście zmian zachodzących w paradygmatach uprawiania badań historycznych. W centrum zainteresowania stawiam założenia teoretyczno-metodologiczne, jakie legły u podstaw badań krakowskiej badaczki, oraz oceny wynikające z przyjęcia konkretnej, historycznie i kulturowo zorientowanej aksjologii. Główne pytania badawcze, jakie sobie stawiam, to: jakie założenia teoretyczno-metodologiczne towarzyszyły jej przy badaniu kwestii upadku państwa polskiego oraz w jaki sposób przyjęta przez nią aksjologia warunkowała oceny tego wydarzenia. Bazę źródłową stanowią wybrane monografie Bobińskiej z lat 1949–1956 jako najbardziej reprezentatywne dla jej twórczości w tym okresie. Axiological and Methodological Assumptions of the Study of the Fall of the First Polish Republic in the Historical Works by Celina Bobińska The article presents an analysis of the fall of the First Polish Republic in selected works of the PRL historian Celina Bobińska. The issue scope follows the field of the history of historiography which in a narrow sense is the history of historical science. Such research is part of using the words of Andrzej Feliks Grabski, so-called “The subjective history of historiography”. In addition to the intellectual biography of the historian, his work is analysed in the context of changes taking place in the paradigms of practising historical research. I focus on the theoretical and methodological assumptions and the assessments resulting from the adoption of a specific, historically and culturally oriented axiology. The main research questions I ask myself are: What theoretical and methodological assumptions accompanied Celina Bobińska during the examination of the question of the collapse of the Polish state and how the axiology accepted by it conditioned the assessment of this event. The source database – selected monographs by Bobińska from 1949–1956 as the most representative of her work during this period.  

"75 YEARS OF THE GREAT VICTORY - COMMON VICTORY - COMMON MEMORY". MATERIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RUSSIAN-UZBEK RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONFERENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Irina E. Khanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Common Memory ◽  
Great Victory

The publication deals with the International Russian-Uzbek research and practice conference “75 Years of the Great Victory – Common Victory – Common Memory”. Based on the conference materials, the author of the publication analyses approaches of the scientific community representatives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan to assessing the common contribution of our countries to the victory over fascism. The speakers focused on discussing such topical issues as the historiography of the Great Patriotic War in Uzbekistan, coverage of the Great Patriotic War in foreign historiography, new educational approaches to teaching the history of the Great Patriotic War in higher and secondary educational institutions, using the memories of evacuees as a historical source, etc. The author emphasises that all the speakers expressed concern about the strengthening of modern trends to “falsify the history” of the Great Patriotic War and World War II and indicated, in that regard, the need for careful attitude towards the history of the events of 1939–1945 and the importance of preserving the historical memory of them. An idea was also expressed at the conference that a great responsibility falls on the shoulders of scientific community representatives now, since the community’s main task is to preserve the memory of the courage and heroism of all the soldiers who fought against fascism, without distinction of nationality. During the discussion, interesting proposals were made for cooperation in the field of historical knowledge, educational activities, as well as in the promotion of joint educational projects by Russia and Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Clerical-Protective Direction in the Russian Historiography of the Old Believers of the 1850s: the Structure of Historical Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Madzharov Alexander S. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Cognitive Limitations ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Study ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Research Structure

Understanding the historiography of the old believers depends on the level of development of the history of historical science, the development of its categorical apparatus. The lack of clarity of the research structure leads to uncertainty in terminology, in the description of scientific achievements and dead ends. The key historical works (historiographical facts) that defined the face of the science of their time are arbitrarily deleted from the literature, and the directions and stages of historiography are “erased”. The purpose of this work is to study the internal form and structure of clerical-protective historical research of old believers in the Russian literature of the 1850s: value, spatial, source ‒ study, vector relations of the author to the object of research; a set of concepts that reveal the “mechanism” of explaining old believers; ways to gain knowledge about the split mediated by this structure. The analysis showed that the clerical ideological position expressed in the works of historians of this direction focused on the defense of the “new rite”. It led to a narrowing of the subject of research, limiting it to “opinions” and facts of the statement of schism, which produced the purpose of research ‒ the “exposure” of schismatics and the moral-scholastic method of achieving it and pushed us to use a set of accusatory concepts in explaining the phenomenon under study. It became a barrier to the knowledge of anti-Church protest by the middle of the 19th century. The fact of the practical failure of the clerical doctrine, which was a consequence of its cognitive limitations, was also realized by the bearers of the accusatory tradition themselves. The question of the reasons for the emergence and development of the old believers has become relevant again. A new answer to this question in the late 1850s ‒ early 1860s was given by the historian Afanasiy Prokopyevich Shchapov (1831–1876), who radically changed the theoretical and methodological foundations of the study. Keywords: historiography of the old believers, clerical-protective direction, structure of historical research, historiographical fact, direction, stage

scholarly journals Попытки Кучумовичей и башкир воссоздать Сибирское ханство

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247
Author(s):  
Azat S. Salmanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Joint Activities ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Movement ◽  
Historical Comparative

Introduction. As is commonly believed in Russian historiography, the late 16th century witnessed a final collapse of the Siberian Khanate. However, that event was long followed by repeated attempts from ex-owners of Siberian Yurt — the Kuchumovichs (children and grandchildren of the Siberian Khan Kuchum) — to regain their power. In achieving their goal, they relied on Bashkir and Kalmyk leaders. The ideological supporters of Kuchum’s descendants were the Siberian Tatars and Bashkirs, primarily Bashkir Tabyns who also sought a restoration of the Siberian Khanate. But in historical science the question of Bashkirs’ participation in the Kuchumovichs’ cause to regain Siberian Yurt remains unaddressed. Goals. The study aims at examining the 17th century ethnopolitical history of the Trans-Ural Bashkirs through the prism of the movement attended by the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyks and Dzungars who came up with the idea of reviving the Siberian Khanate. Materials and Methods. The work employs materials already introduced into scientific discourse which, however, were not considered through the prism of Bashkirs’ participation in the general movement of nomadic leaders to have struggled for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate. Coupled with the use of historical research methods (historical, comparative and systemic ones), this made it possible to reveal that in the territory of Bashkiria the actions of Bashkir rebels were associated with the policy of the Kuchumovichs and Kalmyk taishas who tried to unite Bashkirs and inhabitants of Western Siberia to withdraw from subordination to the Moscow Government. Thus, the scientific novelty is that the 17th century anti-Russian movement of Bashkirs is being first considered in the context of attempts to restore the Siberian Khanate. Results. Analysis of historical events (departure of Kuchum’s grandson Kuchuk to the Karakalpaks and adoption of Russian citizenship by the Kalmyk ruler Ayuka) shows that the rebellious Bashkirs experienced a collapse of hopes for the restoration of the Siberian Khanate, the latter viewed as an opportunity to gain independence from the Tsardom of Russia. Conclusions. Bashkir uprisings of the mid-to-late 17th century should be considered in line with the political situation that had developed in the southeastern outskirts of Russia due to the joint activities of the Kuchumovichs, Kalmyk and Bashkir leaders.

scholarly journals Ostarbeiters: The Dynamics of Perceptions and Images in the USSR and Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.Ф. Кринко ◽  
Е.А. Захарина
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
Ussr Council ◽  
Internet Archive ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artistic Images

История остарбайтеров – одна из трагических и малоизученных страниц Великой Отечественной войны. Цель статьи – исследовать трансформацию образов и представлений о «восточных рабочих» в СССР и современной России. Основными источниками стали оккупационные и советские газеты, плакаты, художественная литература, исторические исследования, интернет-архивы и другие проекты. Авторы опирались на системный подход, ситуационный и источниковедческий анализ. В годы войны оккупационные газеты и плакаты пропагандировали преимущества работы в Германии для советских граждан, в то время как советская печать, напротив, подчеркивала тяжелое положение «остовцев». После войны публикации о них практически прекратились. Интерес к теме возобновился с выходом романа Виталия Сёмина. Профессиональные исследования истории остарбайтеров начались в 1990-х гг. благодаря рассекречиванию архивов. В последнее время в связи с уходом из жизни бывших «восточных рабочих» интерес к их истории постепенно снижается. The history of “Eastern workers” (Ostarbeiters) is one of the most tragic problems of the Great Patriotic War. Ostarbeiters were citizens of the USSR forced to work in Germany during the Great Patriotic War. The aim of the article is to investigate the transformation of the scientific, popular, and artistic images of “Eastern workers” in the USSR and in modern Russia. The sources of the study were occupation and Soviet newspapers, posters, fiction, historical research, Internet archives, and other projects. The authors used a systematic approach, a situational analysis and a source study of historical sources. Occupation newspapers and German posters created ideas about the benefits of working in Germany for Soviet citizens. These propaganda images were little in line with reality. On the contrary, the Soviet press emphasized the cruelty of the German masters, the slave fate of the Ostarbeiters. These ideas were supposed to create a sense of hatred towards the enemy among Soviet soldiers. In August 1944, the Soviet government decided to return (repatriate) all Soviet citizens from abroad. The Council of People’s Commissars of the USSR created the Department of the Commissioner of the USSR Council of People’s Commissars for the Repatriation of Soviet citizens. The staff of the Department urged the “Eastern workers” to return home. Soviet authors accused the British and American military administration of disrupting the repatriation of Soviet citizens. In their homeland, however, many migrant workers experienced discrimination and concealed their work in Germany. Publications about “Eastern workers” in the USSR almost stopped in the post-war period. The history of the Ostarbeiters was forgotten for many years. It was only in 1976 when the memory-based novel by the Rostov writer Vitaly Semin The OST Chest Badgewas published. The novel was the first deep experience of comprehending the dramatic fates of “Eastern workers” in an artistic form. In the years of the Perestroika, other artistic works about the Ostarbeiters appeared. Professional historical research on the Ostarbeiters began in the 1990s after the declassification of archives. Contemporary historians study various aspects of the subject based on official documents, memories, and other sources. German compensation to the Ostarbeiters helped to increase public interest in the history of the “Eastern workers”. Former Ostarbeiters started to actively talk about their fate and publish memoirs. The first Internet archive of interviews with the Ostarbeiters appeared. However, with the demise of the “Eastern workers”, interest in their history gradually decreases.

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