Life-cycle parameters of Copitarsia uncilata (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on three natural diets

This study describes the life cycle of Copitarsia uncilata Burgos & Leiva (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions without photophase and a second experiment with photophase of 12 hours on three natural diets. The life cycle of C. uncilata was significantly shorter for females (76.46 ± 1.01 days, p=0.033) reared on alstroemeria (Alstroemeria sp.) diet without photophase, and for males (79.78 ± 0.36 days, p=0.046) reared on broccoli (Brassica oleracea italica), with photophase. The emergence of the adults was 100% and 73.33% from larvae fed on alstroemeria, 90.9% and 88.88% for individuals fed on broccoli, 86.2% and 50% for those fed on cauliflower (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), without and with photophase respectively. The sex ratio (male:female) of individuals reared without photophase, evidenced a higher rate of females on alstroemeria (1:1.3), followed by cauliflower (1:0.6) and broccoli (1:0.5). In the experiment with photophase, the sex ratio was higher on alstroemeria (1:1.5), followed by cauliflower (1:0.9) and broccoli (1:0.6). As a conclusion, the most suitable diet for laboratory mass rearing in terms of life cycle parameters of C. uncilata is broccoli followed by alstroemeria and cauliflower.

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Parasitism of Helicoverpa armigera pupae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2016v37n1p111 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 111 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Harley Nonato de Oliveira ◽

Juliana Simonato ◽

Daniele Fabiana Glaeser ◽

Fabrício Fagundes Pereira

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Life Cycle ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Integrated Management ◽

Promising Alternative ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Helicoverpa armigera is a pest that was recently detected in Brazil, which causes significant losses in various crops in different regions of the country. Biological control has been reported to offer a promising alternative in the management of this pest. Thus, this study evaluated the ability of the parasitoids Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae to parasitize pupae of H. armigera in the laboratory. H. armigera pupae were individually exposed to 15 female Trichospilus diatraeae or 15 female Tetrastichus howardi for 24 h. The pupae remained under observation until the emergence of parasitoids. Parasitism by both parasitoids was observed in 100% of the pupae. Further, 100% of Tetrastichus howardi and 90% of Trichospilus diatraeae emerged. The life cycle of Tetrastichus howardi parasitizing pupae of H. armigera was 15 ± 0.0 days, while that of Trichospilus diatraeae was 15.90 ± 0.10 days. The numbers of offspring from Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae were 669.3 ± 33.47 and 816.11 ± 89.22 per pupae, with a sex ratio of 0.91 ± 0.01 and 0.94 ± 0.01, respectively. Tetrastichus howardi and Trichospilus diatraeae were shown to successfully parasitize H. armigera pupae in laboratory conditions, suggesting that this host could be used for rearing both parasitoids. However, further detailed studies of the host-parasitoid relationship are needed to assess the feasibility of including these parasitoids in integrated management programs of H. armigera.

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EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NATURAL DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF Spodoptera frugiperda J.E SMITH (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/j.hptt.12143-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Sempurna Ginting ◽

Tri Sunardi ◽

Chaincin Buana Sari ◽

Risky Hadi Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Cycle Period ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Evaluation of various natural diets for mass rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the pests that attack corn in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable diet for rearing of S. frugiperda from various natural diets. The study was conducted in vitro. The treatments were consisted of variation on S. frugiperda natural diets, such as maize leaf, green mustard leaf, water spinach, sweet potato leaf, sugar cane leaf, and soybeans leaf. The observed variables were life cycle period, pupa size, and pupa weight. The results showed that the shortest life cycle period was on corn leaves diet (40.92 days), and the longest was on sugarcane leaves (45.01 days). The longest size of pupa were S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (12.86 mm) and corn leaves (12.56 mm), The heaviest pupa weights were observed in S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (0.18 mg), and corn leaves (0.16 mg). Based on the data, it could be concluded that corn leaves were the most suitable type of diet for the growth and development of S. frugiperda.

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Some biological aspects of Leucothyreus femoratus (Burmeister) (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae), in oil palm plantations from Colombia

Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research ◽

10.4081/jear.2013.e7 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (1) ◽

pp. 7

Author(s):

L.C. Martínez ◽

A. Plata-Rueda

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Consumption Rate ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Elaeis Guineensis ◽

Feeding Habits ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Cycle Duration ◽

Laboratory Conditions

The scarabaeid Leucothyreus femoratus (Burmeister) is described as causing damage to oil palm leaves, marking its first report as a pest in Colombia. The presence of this insect has necessitated determination of its life cycle, biometrics and food consumption as important aspects of its biology. Experiments were conducted under laboratory conditions in the municipality of San Vicente, Santander, Colombia. Mass rearing of L. femoratus was conducted, simulating field conditions and eating habits under laboratory conditions. Its life cycle and description of its developmental stages were determined, taking into account stage-specific survival. The duration of the life cycle of L. femoratus was determined to be 170.4±6.53, with an overall survival rate of 96.7%. Biometrical measurements were taken of the insect’s width, length and weight. Adults are black, and males and females are differentiated by size and by colour of their legs. The width, length and weight of the insect are proportional to the growth stage. Daily food consumption rate was evaluated in adult L. femoratus, and damage to leaves of Elaeis guineensis is described. Adult L. femoratus consumed 13 mm2 of foliage per day, and injury to leaves of E. guineensis was square or rectangular in shape. This insect’s life cycle duration and size are factors that could be considered in determining its feeding habits and pest status. Details of the life cycle, physical description and consumption rate of L. femoratus can help in the development of strategies to manage its populations in oil palm plantations.

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Studies on Stenobracon deesae (Cam.), a Parasite of certain Lepidopterous Borers of graminaceous Crops in India

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300033277 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 45 (4) ◽

pp. 647-659 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

E. S. Narayanan ◽

R. P. Chaudhuri

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Relative Humidity ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Sugar Cane ◽

Host Selection ◽

Average Duration ◽

Adult Life ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

June July ◽

Host Influence

Experiments were conducted to investigate oviposition and host selection by Stenobracon deesae (Cam.), a Braconid parasite of certain Lepidoperous borers of sugar-cane, maize and sorghum in India. The fecundity and sex-ratio of this parasite and the duration of its life-cycle were also studied.Chilo zonellus (Swinh.) and Corcyra cephalonica (Staint.) were used as hosts. The former is one of the principal hosts in the field, but the latter is not normally a host of this parasite.The femal Stenobracon normally avoids laying eggs on hosts that are already parasitised by its own kind when unparasitised hosts are available; but in the absence of healthy hosts or when these are too crowded, parasitised hosts are attacked by it.At a temperature of 26°C. and relative humidity of 75 per cent., the life-cycle of the parasite was completed, on an average, in 23·3 days, but under laboratory conditions at Delhi it took 14·1 days in June-July and 43·7 days in November-December. The average duration of adult life of females in June-February, mainly in ordinary laboratory conditions, was 35·7 days, and single females lived as long as 122 and 128 days. The adult male lived for 42·7 days on the average.In the laboratory, the female lays about 24 eggs on an average, but only about one-third of them yield adults.Males predominate. The sex-ratio appears to vary according to the host; among adults reared on Chilo larvae, 28·8 per cent. were females, but among others reared on Corcyra larvae, only 6·2 per cent. were females.The phenomena of discrimination between parasitised and unparasitised hosts and of the change of sex-ratio with change of host are discussed. It is suggested that the ovipositor enables the parasite to recognise the host and that the stimuli received by the ovipositor from the host influence the functioning of the spermatheca which in turn controls fertilisation and finally the sex of the progeny.

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Potential of the Parasitoid Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) on the Control of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v12n7p146 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 146

Author(s):

Juliana Simonato ◽

Harley N. de Oliveira ◽

José F. J. Grigolli ◽

Mirian M. Kubota Grigolli ◽

Ivana F. da Silva

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

High Rate ◽

No Release ◽

Helicoverpa Armígera ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽

Helicoverpa Armigera Hubner

Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner, 1805) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an insect pest that attacks several cultures and has been a cause of concern in Brazil. The objective of this study was to evaluate parasitism in pupae and caterpillars of H. armigera by Tetrastichus howardi (Olliff, 1893) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), in laboratory, as well as checking if T. howardi parasitoid has the ability to locate and infect H. armigera. In the laboratory, pupae of H. armigera and Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were exposed to 15 T. howardi females for 24 hours. Third, fourth and fifth instars of H. armigera were exposed to three T. howardi females for 24 hours. In the field experiment, cages were installed. Ten caterpillars of the fifth instar of H. armigera were released in each cage and waited for the necessary period for them to soak in the soil. After this period, 150 T. howardi females were released in each of four cages and in one cage there was no release of parasitoids. In the laboratory, the percentage of parasitized and emergent pupae was 100% in both hosts. The life cycle of T. howardi in H. armigera pupae was 15 days, and for D. saccharalis it was 16 days. The progeny was significantly larger for the host H. armigera (689.00) compared to D. saccharalis (358.27). The sex ratio was 0.91 and 0.87 for H. armigera and D. saccharalis, respectively. The longevity of males (25.60 days) and females (26.95 days) in the treatment with H. armigera differed from the treatment with D. saccharalis, which was 21.70 days for males and 22.95 days for females. For the experiment with H. armigera caterpillars, it was found that only two caterpillars from the fifth instar were parasitized with emergence of parasitoids in the pupal phase, with a progeny of 81 individuals; egg-adult cycle was 19.5 days; sex ratio of 0.88; male longevity was 19.6 days and for females 20.3 days. Despite the high rate of parasitism of T. howardi in H. armigera pupae in the laboratory, the same did not occur for caterpillars. In the field evaluation, of the total of 50 caterpillars released in the cages, 34 pupae were collected. Of these, 31 pupae had emergence of the H. armigera moth. No parasitism by T. howardi was found in H. armigera pupae. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate T. howardi parasitism in H. armigera pupae under field conditions.

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Biology and Mass Rearing Studies of Eucanthecona furcellata Wolf. (HEMIPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE) a Potential Polyphagous Predator and its Effect on Field Population of White Slug Caterpillar, Parasa philepida in Cabadbaran, Agusan del Norte, Philippines

CORD ◽

10.37833/cord.v9i01.264 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Vivencio C. Gallego ◽

Ruby T. Escalona ◽

Joana M.S. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Field Population ◽

Pest Population ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Polyphagous Predator ◽

Rearing Techniques ◽

Total Life

The biology and mass rearing of Eucanthecona furcellata Wolf, a polyphagous predator, was studied under laboratory conditions. The predator has a total life cycle (egg to adult) of 46.25 days. The egg hatched 6 days after laying. The nymphs undergo seven instars with each stage ranging from 2.0 ‑ 2.35 days. Mass‑rearing techniques, effect of field releases and other ecological factors on pest population as well as other biological informations are also described.

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EVALUATION OF VARIOUS NATURAL DIETS FOR MASS REARING OF Spodoptera frugiperda J.E SMITH (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA ◽

10.23960/jhptt.12143-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 43-48

Author(s):

Sempurna Ginting ◽

Tri Sunardi ◽

Chaincin Buana Sari ◽

Risky Hadi Wibowo

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sweet Potato ◽

Spodoptera Frugiperda ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Mass Rearing ◽

Cycle Period ◽

Water Spinach ◽

Potato Leaf ◽

Lepidoptera Noctuidae

Evaluation of various natural diets for mass rearing of Spodoptera frugiperda J.E Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).Spodoptera frugiperda is one of the pests that attack corn in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the most suitable dietfor rearing of S. frugiperda from various natural diets. The study was conducted in vitro. The treatments were consisted ofvariation on S. frugiperda natural diets, such as maize leaf, green mustard leaf, water spinach, sweet potato leaf, sugar caneleaf, and soybeans leaf. The observed variables were life cycle period, pupa size, and pupa weight. The results showed thatthe shortest life cycle period was on corn leaves diet (40.92 days), and the longest was on sugarcane leaves (45.01 days). Thelongest size of pupa were S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (12.86 mm) and corn leaves (12.56 mm), The heaviest pupaweights were observed in S. frugiperda on mustard leaves diet (0.18 mg), and corn leaves (0.16 mg). Based on the data, it couldbe concluded that corn leaves were the most suitable type of diet for the growth and development of S. frugiperda.

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Aspects of the biology of Diclidophlebia eastopi Vondracek and D. harrisoni Osisanya (Homoptera, Psyllidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300026936 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 9-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

E. O. Osisanya

Keyword(s):

Life Cycle ◽

Sex Ratio ◽

Life Span ◽

Oviposition Rate ◽

Leaf Fall ◽

Mature Leaves ◽

Laboratory Conditions ◽

Multiple Matings ◽

Young Leaves ◽

Timber Tree

AbstractDiclidophlebia eastopi Vondráček and D. harrisoni Osisanya are pests of the timber tree Triplochiton scleroxylon in Nigeria. The egg and five nymphal instars are described and illustrated. Under laboratory conditions the life-cycle (egg-egg) of D. eastopi was completed in 18½ days, and mated fed females had a life span of 15 days. The sex ratio in the field was 1:1. Nymphs feed near the veins of mature leaves, causing premature leaf fall; adults feed on leaves of any age and cause no symptoms. Fecundity averaged 502 eggs, with a daily oviposition rate of 38; most eggs are laid in batches along the veins of mature leaves. The life-cycle of D. harrisoni was 16 days; mated and fed females lived 10 days. The feeding of firstinstar nymphs near the margins of young leaves causes leaf tunnels to form, inside which the nymphs complete their development; adults feed only from young leaves. In the field the female:male ratio was 2:3. Fecundity averaged 131, with a daily oviposition rate of 31. Fertility improved with multiple matings. The eggs are laid singly, partially embedded in the epidermis, and only on young leaves.

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