THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL BODIES OF MILITARY ACCEPTANCE AT MINING PLANTS IN RUSSIA IN THE 1830-ies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ilya А. Sergievskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Introduction. This article is devoted to the formation of the apparatus of artillery surveyors at the mining plants of the Russian Empire in the 1830s. Its relevance is due to the fact that at present there is no thorough historical research on this issue. At the same time, the study of the foundations on which the domestic Institute of military acceptance was built in the past will allow us to draw certain conclusions for the present day situation. Materials and Methods. Problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods were used in the preparation of the publication. The source base of the research includes both published documents (The complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire) and archival materials from a number of Federal, regional and departmental archival institutions of Russia. Research and Discussion. The article describes the state of the military institution of domestic acceptance by the early 1830s. The basics of staffing, cash and property security of artillery inspectors as well as the technical issues of acceptance of the military products at the Russian mining plants are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of gunners and representatives of the mining Department, as well as the solution of emerging problems and disputes. Conclusion. The publication concludes that in the 1830s many conceptual foundations of the work of domestic military acceptance bodies were laid. At the same time, there were numerous organizational and technological problems which had to be promptly resolved.

Patents of Rank in Russia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Патенты на чин в России XVIII–XIX вв.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
И.А. Вознесенская
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

This article examines the history of patents of rank, not to be confused with patents of nobility, in Russia from their introduction in 1714 to their elimination as a result of the reforms of the 1860s. Patents of rank as a formal documentary credential confirming the holder’s rank is one of the largest coherent sets of documents available, yet has received very little interest from researchers until now. This article explores the development of the format and texts of these patents on the basis of legal acts published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, various archival documents, and the texts of the patents themselves (drawn from collections in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, BAN; the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers, and Communications Forces, VIMAIViVS; and the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SPbII RAN). The article pays special attention to the decorative elements, the methods of producing the patents, and the costs of producing them. The cost for obtaining one of these patents depended on the rank being conferred: the higher the rank, the higher, naturally, the cost. The article also describes the basic steps in procuring a patent and its range of uses.

INSTITUTE OF TRIAL BY JURY IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE: ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Komiljonov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Jury Trial ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Administration Of Justice ◽  
Jury System ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Moment

The article examines the Genesis of the institution of jury trial in the Russian Empire from the moment of its introduction to the end of the Provisional government. It is noted that the emergence of a trial with the participation of jurors was influenced by Western models of the judicial process, and the forms of participation of citizens in the administration of justice that previously existed on the territory of the Russian state were taken into account. The role that the jury system has played with some success in the search for truth, justice, and the implementation of effective and independent justice in the past centuries is particularly highlighted.

Transition of the Rusins of Austria-Hungary to the bosom of Orthodoxy in the end of 19th - beginning of 20th century: Lost perspective for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Vadim Mikhailov ◽  
Konstantin Losev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Church Policy

The article is devoted to the issue of Church policy in relation to the Rusyn population of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, the policy of the Austro-Hungarian administration towards the Rusyn Uniate population of the Empire underwent changes. Russia’s victories in the wars of 1849 and 1877-1878 aroused the desire of the educated part of the Rusyns to return to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, even during the World War I, when the Russian army captured part of the territories inhabited by Rusyns, the military and officials of the Russian Empire were too cautious about the issue of converting Uniates to Orthodoxy, which had obvious negative consequences both for the Rusyns, who were forced to choose a Ukrainophile orientation to protect their national and cultural identity, and for the future of Russia as the leader of the Slavic and Orthodox world.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПЕРЕВОСПИТАНИЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ В ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ВОИНСКИХ ЧАСТЯХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Voronov ◽  
Timur Slivin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Moral Influence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема перевоспитания военнослужащих в дисциплинарных частях в Российской империи как организованного и структурированного процесса. Изучено использование их потенциала для поддержания дисциплины и правопорядка среди личного состава. Определено, что к военнослужащим предусмотрено применение специальных видов уголовных наказаний, кроме того, допускается изъятие в применении отдельных наказаний к данной категории лиц. Авторами раскрывается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в частях с воинской организацией в отношении военнослужащих, совершивших преступления. Указывается на то, что перевоспитание осужденных военнослужащих было направлено на повышение уровня их военной и строевой подготовки, принуждение их к выполнению требований военной присяги и воинских уставов. В качестве негативного момента перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих указывается отсутствие специальной подготовки у штатных офицеров и нижних чинов дисциплинарных частей. В статье рассматривается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в арестантских частях, а также дисциплинарных частях. Раскрыто понятие арестантских рот, их руководящий и личный состав, а также порядок содержания осужденных. Показаны особенности комплектования дисциплинарных частей как постоянным составом, так и переменным (осужденными), а также прохождения ими службы. Авторами отмечается, что в перевоспитании осужденных военнослужащих превалировала принудительная функция в ущерб нравственному воздействию. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что дисциплинарные и штрафные части со строевой организацией в целом справляются с задачей перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих, а опыт функционирования дисциплинарных частей царской армии был использован при создании военно-карательного аппарата Советской армии.The article deals with the actual problem of re-education of military personnel in disciplinary units in the Russian Empire as an organized and structured process. The use of their potential for maintaining discipline and law enforcement among personnel was studied. It is determined that the use of special types of criminal penalties is provided for military personnel, in addition, exceptions are allowed in the application of certain penalties to this category of persons. The author reveals the order of realization of punishment in the form of imprisonment in re-lations with the military organization in relation to the military personnel who have committed crimes. It is pointed out that the re-education of convicted servicemen was aimed at increasing the level of their military and drill training, forcing them to fulfill the requirements of the military oath and military regulations. As a negative aspect of the re-education of convicted servicemen, the lack of special training of regular officers and lower ranks of disciplinary units is indicated. The article deals with the procedure for the implementation of punishment in the form of im-prisonment in prison units, as well as disciplinary units. The concept of convict companies, their leadership and personnel, as well as the order of detention of convicts is revealed. The peculiarities of completing disciplinary units with both permanent and variable composition (convicts), as well as their service are shown. The author notes that in the re-education of convicted servicemen, forced functioning prevailed to the detriment of moral influence. The author comes to the conclusion that disciplinary and penal units with drill organization in General cope with the task of re-education of convicted servicemen, and the experience of functioning of disciplinary units of the tsarist army was used in the creation of the military punitive apparatus of the Soviet army.

Due Process in Wartime? Secret Imperial Russian Police Files on the Forced Relocation of Russian Germans during World War I

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-611
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Vakareliyska
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
German Immigrants ◽  
Germans From Russia ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Germans ◽  
The Military

In 1762 and 1763, manifestos were issued by Catherine II, and later were extended further by her son Paul I, inviting foreign artisans and others to settle in far-flung rural areas of the Russian Empire in order to help strengthen the economy. Under a policy somewhat similar to the later US Homestead Act, under the manifestos German and other foreign-national settlers and their descendants were offered Russian citizenship, land ownership after three years, religious tolerance (including, in the case of Germans, German clergy and German-language churches), and exemption from the military draft—although by the end of the nineteenth century the last of these had been rescinded. The call was not restricted to Germans, but Germans comprised the largest group to take advantage of it, settling for the most part in Ukraine, Bessarabia, and the mid-Volga region. Those who participated in the migration, known as the Auswanderung, and their descendants are often referred to in English as “Russian Germans” or “Germans from Russia” (rossiiskie nemtsy). A second wave of German immigration occurred in 1894, when some Germans who had settled in Prussia moved across the border into Russia. By 1897, there were over 2 million German immigrants and descendants in the Russian Empire.

Pyrrhic Victories

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Baberowski
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
Red Army ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines the aftermath of the Bolsheviks' victory over both the Whites, or counterrevolutionaries, and all rival socialists. The Bolsheviks broke the military resistance of the Whites, crushed the unrest and strikes of the peasants, and even restored the multiethnic empire, which, in the early months of revolution, had largely fallen apart. In spring 1921, when the Red Army marched into Georgia, the Civil War was officially over. For the Bolsheviks, however, military victory was not the end but rather the beginning of a mission, not simply to shake the world but to transform it. Although weapons may have decided the war in favor of the revolutionaries they had not settled the question of power. This chapter considers Vladimir Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) that would implement economic reforms, the Bolsheviks' failure to carry power into villages, and the dictatorship's lack of support from the proletariat. It also describes the nationalization of the Russian empire and Joseph Stalin's rise to power.

scholarly journals «The Shriveled Orient Made All Talk About Itself…»: China and Japan in Columns of the Newspaper «Vostochnoye Obozreniye» in the Last Quarter of 21th Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yelena Sevostyanova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
International Policy ◽  
Public Figures ◽  
Mass Consciousness ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Japan And China

The article examines the main plotlines and images of Japan and China in the end of 21th century which were modelled and translated to the reading public by one of the most accredited Siberia’s newspaper «Vostochnoye Obozreniye»(«Oriental Review»). The choice of the newspaper for the analysis is determined by three factors: its oriental trend, growing print run and popularity, participation of famous scientists, travelers, public figures in creating the content. In the newspaper editorial board, for the Russian periphery at the Asian border «in the interests of this very periphery it never hampers to learn the neighboring countries,» thus «increasing the horizons», “to renounce the hackneyed prejudices and the fear to be faulted for Asian barbarism». Materials about China and Japan were present almost in each issue, which testifies the newspaper’s permanent interest in the oriental neighbors of the Russian empire. With general eurocentrism of relations to Japan and China, a dichotomy was kept in regard of several plotlines: he militant and reformative potentials, the role in international policy. Depending on historical circumstances, some or other features grew stronger, often being hypertrophied in mass consciousness or, vice versa, «being dissolved» in generalized images and stereotypes of the oriental (Asian) world. The dichotomy of the Orient’s two images — the progressive, dynamically Europeanizing Japan and the fossilized, obstinate in its conservatism China — became a stable stereotype for «Vostochnoye Obozreniye», too. The government of Japan and the government of China were also contradistinguished in their reformative potentials and methods of governance. In general, the newspaper assessed the military, political, civil experience of the Japanese authorities more complementary than the Chinese governors and officials. The newspaper did nor model and did not translate the image of the enemy but took into account the potential geopolitical danger of the eastern neighbors.

scholarly journals A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Sinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Special Meeting

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.

scholarly journals «”The Golden Age” of the Crimean Karaites»: publication of the new academic series

2020 ◽  
pp. 260-269
Author(s):  
Grigorii N. Kondratjuk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Golden Age ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The review examines new publications on the history of Karaites – the monographs “Karaites in the Russian Empire in the late 18th – early 20th centuries” and the “Karaite communities: biographies, facts and documents (late 18th – early 20th centuries”. They studied a significant chronological period – from the time of the Karaites appearing in the Crimea and up to the beginning of the 20th century. A reasoned conclusion is made that the so-called “ The Golden Age” is the most tense in the history of the Karaite people – the time from the annexation of the Crimean Peninsula to the Russian Empire in 1783 and until 1917. It was during these 100 years when the significant transformations took place in the old-timers communities of the peninsula, when the ideas of Russian culture and education spread among the Crimean Karaites, and they themselves were actively integrated into Russian social structures. The monographs are equipped with a detailed historical excursion, which reveals many relevant and little-known facts from the past of the Karaites.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document