The military as an object of social and legal regulation in Russia in the second half of the XVIII century (based on the materials of the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire)

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-37
Author(s):  
M. E. Gusarova ◽  
E. V. Zelenova
Keyword(s):  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

scholarly journals The russian army in siberia in the 30–50 years of the XVIII century

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-95
Author(s):  
Vladimi D. Puzanov
Keyword(s):  
College Major ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Major General

The reforms of Peter I became the basis for the gradual restructuring of all the military forces of Siberia. The main role in the Russian military cavalry of the Peter's era was played by dragoons. Under Peter I, dragoon regiments were the only type of Russian regular cavalry. In the field army, Peter I ordered the formation of 34 dragoon regiments. In addition, garrison dragoon regiments were formed in the province in the strategically important cities of Azov, Astrakhan, Kazan, and Tobolsk. In the 3050s of the XVIII century, the number of field dragoon regiments of the Russian Empire decreased to 20. In 1744, 3 field dragoon regiments Olonetsky, Vologda and Lutsk, and 2 field infantry regiments Shirvan and Nasheburg were sent to Siberia to protect the region from the Dzungars. By the decree of the Senate of September 29, 1744, all the Russian troops of Siberia were subordinated to the chief commander of the Siberian Corps, who was subordinate to the Military College. Major-General Christian Kinderman was appointed the main commander in Siberia. In March 1756, the Russian army consisted of 3 cuirassiers, 29 dragoons, and 46 infantry regiments, totaling 78 army regiments, with 172,440 men. As a result, during the Seven Years ' War, the number of field dragoon units in Russia decreased by 3 times and by 1763 was only 7 regiments. As a result, if in 1754 the dragoons were 36,627 people (92.6 %), then by 1767 there were only 4,802 people (12.8%) from the Russian cavalry in their ranks.

THE FORMATION OF THE NATIONAL BODIES OF MILITARY ACCEPTANCE AT MINING PLANTS IN RUSSIA IN THE 1830-ies

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Ilya А. Sergievskiy
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Conceptual Foundations

Introduction. This article is devoted to the formation of the apparatus of artillery surveyors at the mining plants of the Russian Empire in the 1830s. Its relevance is due to the fact that at present there is no thorough historical research on this issue. At the same time, the study of the foundations on which the domestic Institute of military acceptance was built in the past will allow us to draw certain conclusions for the present day situation. Materials and Methods. Problem-chronological and comparative-historical methods were used in the preparation of the publication. The source base of the research includes both published documents (The complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire) and archival materials from a number of Federal, regional and departmental archival institutions of Russia. Research and Discussion. The article describes the state of the military institution of domestic acceptance by the early 1830s. The basics of staffing, cash and property security of artillery inspectors as well as the technical issues of acceptance of the military products at the Russian mining plants are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of gunners and representatives of the mining Department, as well as the solution of emerging problems and disputes. Conclusion. The publication concludes that in the 1830s many conceptual foundations of the work of domestic military acceptance bodies were laid. At the same time, there were numerous organizational and technological problems which had to be promptly resolved.

Patents of Rank in Russia in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (Патенты на чин в России XVIII–XIX вв.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
И.А. Вознесенская
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Petersburg Institute ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

This article examines the history of patents of rank, not to be confused with patents of nobility, in Russia from their introduction in 1714 to their elimination as a result of the reforms of the 1860s. Patents of rank as a formal documentary credential confirming the holder’s rank is one of the largest coherent sets of documents available, yet has received very little interest from researchers until now. This article explores the development of the format and texts of these patents on the basis of legal acts published in the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire, various archival documents, and the texts of the patents themselves (drawn from collections in the Library of the Academy of Sciences, BAN; the Military-Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineers, and Communications Forces, VIMAIViVS; and the St. Petersburg Institute of History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, SPbII RAN). The article pays special attention to the decorative elements, the methods of producing the patents, and the costs of producing them. The cost for obtaining one of these patents depended on the rank being conferred: the higher the rank, the higher, naturally, the cost. The article also describes the basic steps in procuring a patent and its range of uses.

scholarly journals Statutory Regulation of Living of Employees of Military Industry Enterprises of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX to the Beginning of the XX Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bobkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Statutory Regulation

On the basis of historical documents that were not previously introduced into a wide scientific circulation, the features of the normative legal regulation of the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises (arsenals and factories) of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are reconstructed. The dependence of the social relations considered in the article on the development of civil and military legislation of the Russian Empire is shown. The publication found that the legal regulation sought to cover most aspects of the life of workers in military enterprises. The military authorities gave legislative incentives to impeccable and high-quality work, designated socio-economic guarantees for workers in the event of injury, injury or retirement. The corresponding punitive norms of the military legislation were applied to the workers of the military-industrial enterprises who were careless about the case, and sometimes committing antisocial actions. In general, civil and military legislation were harmoniously combined and successfully regulated the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Effective legislative regulation helped boost productivity in military factories and arsenals, and ultimately ensured the strength of domestic weapons and increased Russia’s national security.

scholarly journals Conquest or voluntary annexation? The political process of incorporation of Kartli-Kakheti on Kingdom into the Russian Empire, 1796 – 1801

2017 ◽  
pp. 72-84
Author(s):  
M. A. Volhonskiy
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The Political ◽  
Royal Family ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

The article highlights the political process of accession in 1801, KartliKakheti to the Russian Empire, which was the result of the development of RussianGeorgian relations in the second half of the XVIII century, the article shows that the military-political weakness of the Georgian Kingdom became the main reason for the failure of the prisoner in 1783 the Treaty of Georgievsk, according to which Russia took under its protectorate of Eastern Georgia. Awareness of this fact has forced both Georgian and Russian ruling upper classes to begin to seek new forms of allied relations. Ensuing after the death of king Irakli II between representatives of the Royal family fight for throne significantly weakened the Georgian Kingdom. In the face of external threats from Iran, the only way to keep Eastern Georgia from ruin was its accession to Russia.

scholarly journals Law-Making Process in the Russian Empire: Urban Planning Policy and Legislation

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 106-115
Author(s):  
I. G. Pirozhkova
Keyword(s):  
Urban Planning ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Complete Collection ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Law Making

The paper presents the evolution of law-making process in the Russian Empire through the prism of urban planning legal regulation. It covers the period of uncodified and codified legislation with the period up to the appearance of the Digest of Laws of the Russian Empire (all its editions) and the Complete Collection of Laws of the Russian Empire (PSZRI). In these materials, the author identified about 300 historical normative acts related to the regulation of urban development from the era of Peter the Great to 1825 (the period systematized in the PSZRI), and a number of major codified acts of the 19th — early 20th century. The analysis of their content and form formed the basis for conclusions about the quality of law-making process in the Russian Empire.Based on the analysis of normative material covering construction, architectural legislation, legal norms in the field of organization of urban development, the author considers the characteristic features of pre-revolutionary law-making process in encouraging the creation of normative acts, conceptual techniques of legal technology, systematization characteristics. Subjects of law-making process are singled out. Normative acts are classified according to different grounds, a parallel is drawn with the modern hierarchy of normative acts, and historical features of their typology are highlighted. The author draws conclusions about the inaccurate classification of the main identified acts (charters) as codes, about the prevalence of legal idealism in the concept and policy of urban planning regulation. The source of fixing public relations in the form of a legal norm is the monarch’s will. In the research area it is based on the idea of an ideal city, the concept of which has evolved from the idea of regularity to a rational capitalist space. It was supplemented by proposals from the professional community at the end of the period.

Soldiers’ children as a successful project of the Russian army recruitment reserve formation in the first half of the 19th century

2019 ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Nevzorov
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Russian Army ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

We describe the features of the reserve replenishment formation of the Russian army at the expense of soldiers’ children in the 19th century. We reveal the historical and legal aspects of the social and class status of the “military class” representatives descendants: soldiers’ children, recruits of soldiers’ children. Born in the recruits families and lower ranks during the service period in the Russian army, either retired, soldiers on indefinite leave and disabled veterans, the soldiers’ children had a special social and legal position in the class structure of Russian society, which are specifically regulated, as the legislative and enforcement practices in the capitals and provinces in the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The involvement of a fairly wide range of archival sources and published materials allowed to conduct the reconstruction of both the existing legal regulation and the actual social parameters of the “military offspring” in the armed forces. We also reveal the aspects of education of military cantonists in special military educational insti-tutions and similar military units (military orphan units, training battalions and companies, carabinieri regiments) reflected in the primary archival documents and legislative acts, social and legal, class and everyday conflicts and trends that determined the life and fate of “military chil-dren”. We clarify statistical errors in the calculation of the military class representatives – soldiers’ children – in the Russian province. We give a detailed historiographical study assessment of the legal status of cantonists and recruits of soldiers’ children, as well as identifying research gaps in the works of domestic and foreign historians. We made conclusions about the prospects of the sci-entific problems study by domestic historians, as well as the presence of primary archival docu-ments that need to be introduced into scientific circulation. It is proved that the category of “sol-diers’ children” was the most important component of the Russian armed forces combat capability formation, allowing to prepare a significant reserve. We also show the prospects of the cantonists transformation into professional soldiers, as well as their role in the military history of the Russian Empire in the considered chronological period.

Transition of the Rusins of Austria-Hungary to the bosom of Orthodoxy in the end of 19th - beginning of 20th century: Lost perspective for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Vadim Mikhailov ◽  
Konstantin Losev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Church Policy

The article is devoted to the issue of Church policy in relation to the Rusyn population of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, the policy of the Austro-Hungarian administration towards the Rusyn Uniate population of the Empire underwent changes. Russia’s victories in the wars of 1849 and 1877-1878 aroused the desire of the educated part of the Rusyns to return to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, even during the World War I, when the Russian army captured part of the territories inhabited by Rusyns, the military and officials of the Russian Empire were too cautious about the issue of converting Uniates to Orthodoxy, which had obvious negative consequences both for the Rusyns, who were forced to choose a Ukrainophile orientation to protect their national and cultural identity, and for the future of Russia as the leader of the Slavic and Orthodox world.

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