scholarly journals A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Sinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Special Meeting

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals The award promotion for the members of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of Vladimir Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Timur A. Kovrov ◽  
Vladimir S. Okolotin
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Partnership ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Industrial Bourgeoisie

This article is devoted to the award promotion for the members of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank of Vladimir Province. The consequences of the reforms of Emperor Alexander II included the development of the Russian economy and the formation of a commercial and industrial bourgeoisie. Within it, stable and large industrial dynasties arose. For many representatives of these dynasties in post-reform Russia, the established reputation meant honest businessmen who valued their position in society and sought to increase their merits before it. It is to this category of entrepreneurs that the State Bank of the Russian Empire drew attention to during the organisation of the accounting and loan committees for the development of lending of industry and trade in the post-reform period. This decision of the State Bank served as the basis for the formation of the future institute of public-private partnership in the national economy of the Empire. This topic has already been developed in the research activities of the authors of the article. In this publication, it is viewed through the system of the state awards, as a form of recognition of the merits of the entrepreneurs of Vladimir Province in successful cooperation with the branches of the State Bank in Vladimir and Ivanovo-Voznesensk. For their useful activities, the State Bank presented the members of the committees to be awarded with various awards – the civil medals for the wearing on the neck or the chest, the orders on the ribbons, the coronation medals and the honorary titles. The practice of the presenting of the members of the committees to the awarding of the medals and orders is confirmed by examples from the documents of the State archives of Vladimir and Ivanovo regions. The conclusion about the work of the accounting and loan committees at the branches of the State Bank on the basis of the institution of the state-private partnership is drawn.

scholarly journals Statutory Regulation of Living of Employees of Military Industry Enterprises of Russia in the Second Half of the XIX to the Beginning of the XX Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Bobkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Industry ◽  
Quality Work ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Statutory Regulation

On the basis of historical documents that were not previously introduced into a wide scientific circulation, the features of the normative legal regulation of the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises (arsenals and factories) of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries are reconstructed. The dependence of the social relations considered in the article on the development of civil and military legislation of the Russian Empire is shown. The publication found that the legal regulation sought to cover most aspects of the life of workers in military enterprises. The military authorities gave legislative incentives to impeccable and high-quality work, designated socio-economic guarantees for workers in the event of injury, injury or retirement. The corresponding punitive norms of the military legislation were applied to the workers of the military-industrial enterprises who were careless about the case, and sometimes committing antisocial actions. In general, civil and military legislation were harmoniously combined and successfully regulated the life of workers of military-industrial enterprises of Russia in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries. Effective legislative regulation helped boost productivity in military factories and arsenals, and ultimately ensured the strength of domestic weapons and increased Russia’s national security.

scholarly journals Deputies from the Mogilev province to the State Duma III and IV: social and political characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Lavrinovich
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
The Church

The article reveals social characteristics of the State Duma deputies. The author shows that due to the censorship nature of the electoral law of 3 June 1907, the deputy corps was dominated by the representatives of the elite groups of population (nobles, large landowners). Besides, the important role was played by the deputies from the church and the officials. Most of them, according to their political views, were supporters of the conservative centre. Deputies focused on the Stolypin’s land reform and the draft law on the introduction of elected zemstvos in the western provinces of the Russian Empire. In 1915, part of deputies of Duma IV from Mogilev province joined the «Progressive coalition», took part in the fight against the tsarist government, and B. A. Engelhardt, as a Chairman of the Military Commission of the Provisional Committee in the State Duma, played an important role during the February Revolution of 1917.

scholarly journals From the History of the Development of Public Education in the Russian Empire in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries (Illustrated by the Example of Altai)

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
T.G. Nedzelyuk ◽  
I.N. Nikulina ◽  
M.N. Potupchik ◽  
O.A. Litvinova ◽  
D.V. Zhilyakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The article is dedicated to the history of the development of public education in Altai in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The authors focus on the process of establishing primary and secondary schools and vocational education institutions in the region. Economic processes (the decline of mining production in Altai, the intensification of resettlement processes in the region) and sociocultural changes in the country and the region - the growth of the number of educated people in Siberia and democratization of the education system in the Russian Empire as a whole - are considered as objective conditions for the development of education. The authors show the role of the public in the formation of primary schools in Altai. Speaking about the development of primary education in the region, such as the resettlement process, the authors of the article referred to the analysis of the activities of schools in the context of changing ethnic and religious composition of students and to the characterization of the educational policy of the State with regard to migrants of non-Russian origin. Studying the process of formation of gymnasium education in Altai, the authors focused on the opening of a men's gymnasium in Barnaul, considering that this event became a landmark for the development of the city. According to the authors’ opinion, studying the process of opening this gymnasium makes it possible to understand the dialectic of relations of the state and the society, the center and the regions. The article gives special attention to studying the impact of the military situation on the activities of educational institutions, for solving new tasks operating in wartime. In the end of the article, it was concluded that power institutions pursue utilitarian goals in the implementation of educational policy in remote regions.

Na europejskich frontach wojen Imperium Rosyjskiego w XIX wieku – aspekt militarny w twórczości wybranych rosyjskich malarzy epoki

Res Gestae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 28-76
Author(s):  
Paweł Krokosz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Message ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article analyses the military themes present in Russian paintings of the 19th century. The battle paintings under discussion underlined the heroism of the tsarist soldiers who participated in the multiple campaigns that Russia fought on land and at sea. They also glorified the governing elites for expanding the territory of the state. At the same time, the most important message conveyed through the canvases, which were commissioned most often by Russia’s rulers, was the might of the Russian Empire.

Constructing Colonial Legality in Russian Central Asia: On Guardianship

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe history of Islamic law in Russian Central Asia defies many of the categorizations offered by both global and Russian imperial history. Recent studies of law in the age of colonialism have concluded that the attainment of legal hegemony in the colonies was consequent upon the initiative of indigenes that strategically manipulated jurisdictions; as colonial subjects increasingly involved the state in their private conflicts, they effectively pushed their masters to consolidate the institutional arrangements through which the state dispensed justice. Historians of the Russian Empire have reached a diametrically different conclusion: under tsarist rule, they argue, Muslims continued to access the services of the “native courts,” which remained mostly untouched following Russia's southeastward expansion. As the empire promoted a policy of differentiated jurisprudence, Russians effectively safeguarded the integrity of Islamic law. I argue that both of the aforementioned approaches are confined to the level of institutional history, and thus fail to consider that the creation of colonial hegemony rested on ways in which colonial subjects understood law and viewed themselves as legal subjects. I show that Russians, from the outset of their rule in Central Asia, initiated Muslims into colonial forms of legality by overcoming the jurisdictional separation they had themselves put in place. In allowing the local population to file their grievances with the military bureaucracy, the Russians effectively pushed Central Asians to reify colonial notions of justice, and thereby distance themselves from the tradition of Islamic legal practices.

Corporate culture as a driver of the corporate security of foreign military-industrial enterprises

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 2363-2380
Author(s):  
S.B. Zainullin ◽  
O.A. Zainullina
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Culture ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Corporate Security ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Military

Subject. The military-industrial complex is one of the core industries in any economy. It ensures both the economic and global security of the State. However, the economic security of MIC enterprises strongly depends on the State and other stakeholders. Objectives. We examine key factors of corporate culture in terms of theoretical and practical aspects. The article identifies the best implementation of corporate culture that has a positive effect on the corporate security in the MIC of the USA, the United Kingdom, the European Union, Japan ans China. Methods. The study employs dialectical method of research, combines the historical and logic unity, structural analysis, traditional techniques of economic analysis and synthesis. Results. We performed the comparative analysis of corporate culture models and examined how they are used by the MIC corporations with respect to international distinctions. Conclusions and Relevance. The State is the main stakeholder of the MIC corporations, since it acts as the core customer represented by the military department. It regulates and controls operations. The State is often a major shareholder of such corporations. Employees are also important stakeholders. Hence, trying to satisfy stakeholders' needs by developing the corporate culture, corporations mitigate their key risks and enhance their corporate security.

Transition of the Rusins of Austria-Hungary to the bosom of Orthodoxy in the end of 19th - beginning of 20th century: Lost perspective for Russia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10-4) ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
Vadim Mikhailov ◽  
Konstantin Losev
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
World War ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military ◽  
Church Policy

The article is devoted to the issue of Church policy in relation to the Rusyn population of Austria-Hungary and the Russian Empire. In the second half of the 19th century, the policy of the Austro-Hungarian administration towards the Rusyn Uniate population of the Empire underwent changes. Russia’s victories in the wars of 1849 and 1877-1878 aroused the desire of the educated part of the Rusyns to return to the bosom of the Orthodox Church. Nevertheless, even during the World War I, when the Russian army captured part of the territories inhabited by Rusyns, the military and officials of the Russian Empire were too cautious about the issue of converting Uniates to Orthodoxy, which had obvious negative consequences both for the Rusyns, who were forced to choose a Ukrainophile orientation to protect their national and cultural identity, and for the future of Russia as the leader of the Slavic and Orthodox world.

К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ПЕРЕВОСПИТАНИЯ ВОЕННОСЛУЖАЩИХ В ДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ ВОИНСКИХ ЧАСТЯХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitaliy Voronov ◽  
Timur Slivin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Negative Aspect ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Moral Influence ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

В статье рассмотрена актуальная проблема перевоспитания военнослужащих в дисциплинарных частях в Российской империи как организованного и структурированного процесса. Изучено использование их потенциала для поддержания дисциплины и правопорядка среди личного состава. Определено, что к военнослужащим предусмотрено применение специальных видов уголовных наказаний, кроме того, допускается изъятие в применении отдельных наказаний к данной категории лиц. Авторами раскрывается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в частях с воинской организацией в отношении военнослужащих, совершивших преступления. Указывается на то, что перевоспитание осужденных военнослужащих было направлено на повышение уровня их военной и строевой подготовки, принуждение их к выполнению требований военной присяги и воинских уставов. В качестве негативного момента перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих указывается отсутствие специальной подготовки у штатных офицеров и нижних чинов дисциплинарных частей. В статье рассматривается порядок реализации наказания в виде лишения свободы в арестантских частях, а также дисциплинарных частях. Раскрыто понятие арестантских рот, их руководящий и личный состав, а также порядок содержания осужденных. Показаны особенности комплектования дисциплинарных частей как постоянным составом, так и переменным (осужденными), а также прохождения ими службы. Авторами отмечается, что в перевоспитании осужденных военнослужащих превалировала принудительная функция в ущерб нравственному воздействию. Авторы приходят к выводу о том, что дисциплинарные и штрафные части со строевой организацией в целом справляются с задачей перевоспитания осужденных военнослужащих, а опыт функционирования дисциплинарных частей царской армии был использован при создании военно-карательного аппарата Советской армии.The article deals with the actual problem of re-education of military personnel in disciplinary units in the Russian Empire as an organized and structured process. The use of their potential for maintaining discipline and law enforcement among personnel was studied. It is determined that the use of special types of criminal penalties is provided for military personnel, in addition, exceptions are allowed in the application of certain penalties to this category of persons. The author reveals the order of realization of punishment in the form of imprisonment in re-lations with the military organization in relation to the military personnel who have committed crimes. It is pointed out that the re-education of convicted servicemen was aimed at increasing the level of their military and drill training, forcing them to fulfill the requirements of the military oath and military regulations. As a negative aspect of the re-education of convicted servicemen, the lack of special training of regular officers and lower ranks of disciplinary units is indicated. The article deals with the procedure for the implementation of punishment in the form of im-prisonment in prison units, as well as disciplinary units. The concept of convict companies, their leadership and personnel, as well as the order of detention of convicts is revealed. The peculiarities of completing disciplinary units with both permanent and variable composition (convicts), as well as their service are shown. The author notes that in the re-education of convicted servicemen, forced functioning prevailed to the detriment of moral influence. The author comes to the conclusion that disciplinary and penal units with drill organization in General cope with the task of re-education of convicted servicemen, and the experience of functioning of disciplinary units of the tsarist army was used in the creation of the military punitive apparatus of the Soviet army.

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