Optical and mechanical industry during the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945: based on the materials of the Ural optical and mechanical plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Sludnyh

Introduction. The article on the example of Ural Plant No. 217 explores the role of the optical-mechanical industry of the USSR in ensuring the defense capacity of the country and victory in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945. Results and Discussion. With the beginning of hostilities, the evacuation of most of the optical-mechanical plants and research institutes to the rear began. After the evacuation of Plant No. 217 in 1941 in Sverdlovsk, the organization of optical glass production began with the major reconstruction of the allocated premises, installation of the main equipment. In parallel with installation and commissioning, factory workers had to adapt the premises to the needs of production. The manufactured products were at the level of the world technical thought of that time and were characterized by novelty, originality of designs, and good operational data. Conclusion. Timely measures to evacuate research centers and industry in wartime conditions had a positive impact on the continuous provision of the Army and Navy with optical devices in the necessary nomenclature. The achievements of workers in the optical and mechanical industry were a synthesis of scientific thought and hard work, which made a huge contribution to the common cause of defeating the enemy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Iwona Nurzyńska

This paper explores the role of the Common AgriculturalPolicy in creating non-agricultural jobs in rural Poland.The analyses were based on monitoring indicators of RuralDevelopment Program 2007–2013 and public statistics. Thepaper argues that dynamic technological changes in agriculturerequire redefining the approach towards challenges relatedto the decreasing demand for human labor in agriculture.Although the CAP proves to have a positive impact on ruraljob creation in Poland, the results are a long way from meetingthe needs. Therefore, this paper calls for a strategic re-orientationof CAP objectives and indicates the need for a moreintegrated policy which offers synergies with other types ofEU and national public aid. Only such a policy mix can enablea more effective creation of quality jobs in rural areas.


Author(s):  
Gadzhikurban Ibraghimovich KAKAGASANOV ◽  
Yulia Mikhaylovna LYSENKO

The article reviews the role of Makhachkala - the capital of the Daghestan ASSR - as an industrial, transport and evacuation center in the years of the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945). The authors highlights the labor excellence of the city’s residents, especially those who worked at industrial enterprises, at the sea-port, on the railway. The importance of the city workers in strengthening the country's defense is shown. During the war, a number of factories in Makhachkala started the production of ammunition and equipment for ships and transport. The paper provides the analysis of the manufactured products, notes the joint work with the evacuated enterprises. The workers of the Makhachkala Factory named after M. Gadzhiev, for example, during the war increased the output of products by 4 times; in 1945 they 7 times won the Red Banner of the State Defense Committee and 2 times - the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions and the People's Commissariat of the USSR Navy. The work of the citizens of Makhachkala on the construction of defensive lines, the activities of evacuation hospitals located in the city are described. In the summer of 1942, the Makhachkala special defensive line was created, while the construction of defensive structures in the city itself (barricades, firing points, shelters) was underway, in which more than 20 thousand of citizens and residents of neighbouring regions took part.


2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (03) ◽  
pp. 134-147
Author(s):  
Najwa N. A SHKOKANI

The majority of societies on Earth suffered a lot physically, psychologically, intellectually and financially during the Corona Covid-19 epidemic in the period 2020-2021, which surprised everyone with the speed and severity of its spread and lethality all over the world, and with the severity of the preventive measures that forced people to adhere to it. Despite all the crises that accompanied it or resulted from it, the scholars of Sharia, despite their great efforts in the field of fatwas that have taken place, nevertheless the common Muslims felt their lack of a pioneering and effective role for them, for they are the scholars of the ummah. And their deeds rise to the level appropriate to the greatness of Islam and lead it to serve mankind in all circumstances, in all societies and at all times. So did they take advantage of the circumstances and in the jurisprudence councils, legal universities, Islamic think tanks and others, hastened to meet and consult periodically and intensely commensurate with the momentum of the developments that took place in that event and the pursuit of the event in all its aspects and dynamics, and has the effect of this appeared in several aspects in Islamic societies and elsewhere? The Holy Qur’an and the Noble Prophet’s Sunnah have revealed this pioneering role by the prophets and messengers, saints and scholars. Scholars of true law at all times are the heirs of the prophets, and enjoining good and forbidding evil depends on their guidance and diligence. Likewise, that role is not hidden in the wonderful models launched in Islamic societies throughout its prosperous history in all aspects of life, and in all the circumstances and conditions that it has gone through, including calamities, tribulations, misfortunes, strife, diseases and epidemics, which had the greatest positive impact on the Ummah’s awareness and knowledge of good behavior in it. To prevent the largest proportion of the losses in the lives of people and the good of the country. This study comes by following the descriptive and analytical method to highlight the aforementioned by introducing the Corona epidemic, and the inductive approach by exploring the pioneering role of true Islamic law scholars in epidemics by referring to the sources of legislation with evidence of that throughout Islamic history, then searching for that application in this era, following the field approach Al-Estebyani, with investigating their positions during that epidemic. The most prominent results after the research were: That Islamic scholars have the greatest importance that goes beyond the intellectuals, thinkers, and even politicians, and they are at the forefront of society in researching and uncovering how to deal with epidemics according to Sharia evidence, using all means and techniques, both ancient and modern. And adopting educational, informational and advocacy methods in generalizing how people deal with the epidemic; And to highlight the faith role that achieves security, tranquility, and satisfaction with the judgment of God, adhering to the teachings of Islam in that event and responding to the responsible represented by the intellectual, political, health and other systems, and they also have a great impact on societies when they rush to issue fatwas to guide individuals and governments in how to deal with this pandemic, and not to stop Then, it is imperative to constantly and diligently follow up on the developments of the epidemic with the permanent meeting of fatwa councils locally and internationally, in order to change the fatwas and procedures in line with the new circumstances. That Muslim scholars have been the pioneering and guiding reed throughout history represented by models that elevated themselves, their nation, and humanity as well.


2017 ◽  
pp. 98-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tirole

In the fourth chapter of the book “The economy of the common good”, the nature of economics as a science and research practices in their theoretical and empirical aspects are discussed. The author considers the processes of modeling, empirical verification of models and evaluation of research quality. In addition, the features of economic cognition and the role of mathematics in economic research are analyzed, including the example of relevant research in game theory and information theory.


Objective: the present study was aimed to evaluate the role of pharmaceutical services in improving the outcome of mineral bone disorder in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients with chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) screened for eligibility, seventy-six patients enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups: pharmaceutical care and usual care, both groups interviewed by the pharmacist using specific questionnaire for assessing the quality of life (QoL). All the drug related problems (DRPs) including drug-drug interactions (DDIs) were recorded by the pharmacist. Blood samples were collected and utilized for analyzing the levels of vitamin D, phosphorous, calcium, albumin and parathyroid hormone at baseline and three months after. The pharmaceutical care group received all the educations about their medications and how to minimize DRPs; improve the QoL. Additionally, the pharmaceutical intervention included correcting the biochemical parameters. Results: Pharmaceutical care significantly improved patients QoL and minimized DRPs and DDIs. It was also effective in improving the biochemical parameters. Conclusion: Pharmaceutical care has a positive impact on improving the outcome of patients with CKD-MBD through attenuating DRPs, improving the biochemical parameters and the QoL.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-72
Author(s):  
Herlin Hamimi ◽  
Abdul Ghafar Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Hasbi Zaenal

Zakat is one of the five pillars of Islam which has a function of faith, social and economic functions. Muslims who can pay zakat are required to give at least 2.5 per cent of their wealth. The problem of poverty prevalent in disadvantaged regions because of the difficulty of access to information and communication led to a gap that is so high in wealth and resources. The instrument of zakat provides a paradigm in the achievement of equitable wealth distribution and healthy circulation. Zakat potentially offers a better life and improves the quality of human being. There is a human quality improvement not only in economic terms but also in spiritual terms such as improving religiousity. This study aims to examine the role of zakat to alleviate humanitarian issues in disadvantaged regions such as Sijunjung, one of zakat beneficiaries and impoverished areas in Indonesia. The researcher attempted a Cibest method to capture the impact of zakat beneficiaries before and after becoming a member of Zakat Community Development (ZCD) Program in material and spiritual value. The overall analysis shows that zakat has a positive impact on disadvantaged regions development and enhance the quality of life of the community. There is an improvement in the average of mustahik household incomes after becoming a member of ZCD Program. Cibest model demonstrates that material, spiritual, and absolute poverty index decreased by 10, 5, and 6 per cent. Meanwhile, the welfare index is increased by 21 per cent. These findings have significant implications for developing the quality of life in disadvantaged regions in Sijunjung. Therefore, zakat is one of the instruments to change the status of disadvantaged areas to be equivalent to other areas.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-173
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR KSENOFONTOV ◽  

The article reveals the essence and specificity of culture as an important component of the spiritual factor of victory. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of fiction. The article substantiates the moral and aesthetic impact on the consciousness of defenders of the Motherland, such works of art as“They fought for the Motherland”,“Leningrad poem”,“Russian character”,“Invasion”, etc. The article describes the significant role of theatrical art, which reveals the moral values of the people and Soviet soldiers. This is reflected in such plays as: “the Front”; “the Guy from our city”; “Once upon a time”, etc. The article substantiates the important role of the spiritual influence of cinema on Soviet people. This influence was realized through artistic images of selfless service to the Motherland, loyalty to military duty. Among these films: “Two fighters”, “Wait for me”, “Front-line friends”. During the war, as the article emphasizes, an important component of the spiritual factor of victory was the musical art. Activities in this area of culture famous musicians:B. Astafiev, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, A. Alexandrov, V. Soloviev-Sedoy, and others, was implemented in operas, symphonies, cantatas and songs, which by their nature emotional expression differed Patriotic and epic strength. The purpose of the research : to reveal the axiological components, culture of the Russian world, as important components, spiritual factor during the great Patriotic war. Conclusions : the culture of the Russian world at various stages of the great Patriotic War, through a variety of means and forms, actively mobilized all Soviet people to defend the Motherland and defeat Nazi Germany. The spiritual culture of our country and its types, in the course of functioning, during the war, clearly and expressively revealed the idea of patriotism, courage, bravery and heroism, and encouraged the Soviet people, the soldiers of the red Army, to achieve a great Victory.


2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-240
Author(s):  
Eran Laish

This article focuses on the main contemplative principles of the ‘Heart Essence’ (sNying thig), a Tibetan Buddhist tradition that is characterized by a vision of non-duality and primordial wholeness. Due to this vision, which asserts an original reality that is not divided into perceiving subject and perceived object, the ‘Heart Essence’ advocates a contemplative practice that undermines the usual intuitions of temporality and enclosed selfhood. Hence, unlike the common principles of intentional praxis, such as deliberate concentration and gradual purification, the ‘Heart Essence’ affirms four contemplative principles of non-objectiveness, openness, spontaneity and singleness. As these principles transcend intentionality, temporality, and multiplicity, they are seen to directly disclose the nature of primordial awareness, in which the meanings of knowing and being are radically transformed. Therefore, the article will also consider the role of these non-dual contemplative principles in deeply changing our understanding of being and knowing alike.


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