scholarly journals El Consorcio Cooperativo de Comercialización, Costa Rica: frijol.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Floribeth Mora ◽  
Ana Abdelnour ◽  
Franklin Herrera ◽  
Joaquín Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Central American ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cultural Characteristics ◽  
The World

The admission of Costa Rica into the World Trade Organization, and the subscription of the Bilateral Free Trade Agreement with Mexico and the agreements with other Central American countries brought about important changes in bean commercialization in Costa Rica. This partly resulted in the creation of CCCRL as an alternative for bean commercialization. Operation and viability of this Consortium are analyzed under the new conditions for the commercialization of agricultural and arming products, both at a national and international level. Agroecological crop conditions are also examined, as well as the socio-economic and cultural characteristics of the population involved in bean production, and their possible influence on CCCRL viability.

scholarly journals Bilateral Agreements and Fair Trade Practices: A Policy Analysis of the Colombia-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (2006)

Con-texto ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Fandl
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Fair Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The World ◽  
Bilateral Approach

<p>This article brings to the attention of those public servants involved in the design and negotiation of free trade agreements between the United States and developing countries, such as Colombia, the potential benefits and drawbacks of negotiating in a bilateral forum. Rather than critiquing the free trade agreement for its particular provisions, this article examines the U.S. policy of negotiating bilaterally with developing countries as opposed to multilaterally in the world trade system and what effects such an approach might have on the economic development of the latter. Using an incremental policy analysis, the article critiques the bilateral approach in terms of economic development and fair trade negotiations using the recent Colombia-U.S. trade agreement as a case study. The article concludes that a bilateral approach that is disconnected from a broader multilateral context may be detrimental to developing countries and recommends increased oversight of such agreements by the World Trade Organization to ensure a higher degree of fairness.</p>

Agreement Establishing The African Continental Free Trade Area

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1028-1083
Author(s):  
James Thuo Gathii
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
African Union ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The World

On May 30, 2019, the Agreement Establishing the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) entered into force for the twenty-four countries that had deposited their instruments of ratification. When the remaining thirty-one member states of the African Union ratify it, the AfCFTA will cover a market of 1.2 billion people and a gross domestic product (GDP) of $2.5 trillion. That would make it the world's largest trade agreement since the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Assessment of the Proposed India-China Free Trade Agreement: A General Equilibrium Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul Arora ◽  
Sarbjit Singh ◽  
Somesh K. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Tariff Reduction ◽  
Trade Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The present study is an attempt to evaluate the impact of the proposed India-China free trade agreement (FTA) in goods trade on both countries under a static general equilibrium framework. Design/Methodology/Approach The study has utilized the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model of world trade with the presence of skilled and unskilled unemployment in the world. For analysis purposes, 57 GTAP sectors, representing the whole regional economy, have been aggregated into 43 sectors and 140 GTAP regions, representing the whole world, have been aggregated into 19 regions. The study has also used the updated tariff rates provided by the World Trade Organization for better results. Findings The preliminary analysis using trade indicators depicted that by utilizing their own comparative advantage, both of the countries can maximize their gains by exporting more to the world. The simulation results from the GTAP analysis revealed that a tariff reduction in all goods trade would be more beneficial for both the countries than the tariff reduction in each other's specialized products. All other regions lose in terms of shifting the Indian imports towards China in a post-simulation environment. Regions with a significant loss are: the European Union (28 members), Southeast Asia, the Unites States, Japan, Korea, West Asia, and the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). Originality/Value The disaggregated sector-wise analysis has been performed using the latest available GTAP database, version 9.

scholarly journals Aspek Hukum Kebijakan Pemerintah Melindungi Industri dalam Negeri Pasca Kesepakatan Perdagangan Regional Afta-China

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Halimatul Maryani ◽  
Adawiyah Nasution
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Phnom Penh ◽  
Framework Agreement ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Asian Nation

Pada prinsipnya konsep dasar perdagangan bebas merupakan penghilangan hambatan-hambatan dalam  proses perdagangan internasional, namun yang menjadi isu hukum dalam kajian ini adalah bahwa suatu perdagangan bebas dalam skala sistem multilateral World Trade Organization  disingkat dengan WTO sedikit terkendala dan tidak berjalan dengan baik sesuai dengan harapan, sehingga mulailah suatu negara itu membentuk blok perdagangan secara regional misalnya ASEAN, AFTA, termasuk  ACFTA yang bertujuan mendapatkan keuntungan secara langsung dan meningkatkan kemajuan pertumbuhan ekonomi dalam skala regional dengan lebih berkembang serta meningkatkan kemajuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini berawal  dari hasil penelitian adalah menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative dan kajian yang dianalisis ini berawal sejak 1 Januari 2010, negara  China dipastikan telah bergabung dalam kesepakatan Asean China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA), pada Framework Agreement on comprehensive Economic Co-opration Between The Association of South East Asian Nation and The People’s Republic of China  (Asean-China) dan telah  ditandatangani Presiden Republik Indonesia waktu itu Megawati di Phnom Penh, Kamboja pada tanggal 4 Novenber 2002, serta telah diratifikasi  melalui Keputusan Presiden No.48 Tahun 2004, dengan Undang-Undang No. 24 tahun 2000 tentang Perjanjian Internasional. Oleh karena itu, dasar hukum berlakunya kesepakatan perdagangan regional dalam ketentuan World Trade Organization  atau WTO diperbolehkan dalam pasal 24 GATT, dengan beberapa kebijakan yang dilakukan  pemerintah untuk melindungi industri dalam negeri terhadap  dampak negatif dari pelaksanaan perdagangan bebas regional, sesuai dengan prinsip transparansi, kejujuran dan harus ditetapkan dalam satu kaidah

scholarly journals Effect of NAFTA, EUMFTA and China addition to WTO on the cucumber world market

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Guajardo-Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
World Market ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium ◽  
Spatial Equilibrium Model ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Complete Operation

Key words: Cucumber world market, international trade, economic integration, quadratic programming, spatial equilibrium models.Abstract. This study empirically analyzed the potential effects of the complete operation of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), European Union and Mexico Free Trade Agreement (EUMFTA), and the integration of China to the World Trade Organization (WTO), on the cucumber world market. Special emphasis on the impact on Mexico was presented, from a worldwide perspective. A spatial equilibrium model with endogenous prices was constructed for this purpose. Among the findings are: (1) Mexican producers benefited from the complete implementation of NAFTA and EUMFTA. (2) The incorporation of China as a member of the WTO showed a negligible effect on the commercial flows and prices in the cucumber world market. (3) Mexican cucumber production is highly competitive, in the world market, because it has the lowest supply costs.Palabras Clave: Mercado mundial del pepino, integración económica, comercio internacional, programación cuadrática, modelos de equilibro espacial.Resumen. Este estudio analiza empíricamente los efectos potenciales de la operación completa del Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), Tratado de Libre Comercio de la Unión Europea y México (UMFTA), y la integración de China a la Organización Mundial de Comercio (OMC) en relación al mercado mundial del pepino. Se presentan, con énfasis especial, los impactos sobre México desde una perspectiva mundial.

The Investment Provisions of the Canada—United States Free Trade Agreement: A Canadian Perspective

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Raby
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners

This is a good deal, a good deal for Canada and a deal that is good for all Canadians. It is also a fair deal, which means that it brings benefits and progress to our partner, the United States of America. When both countries prosper, our democracies are strengthened and leadership has been provided to our trading partners around the world. I think this initiative represents enlightened leadership to the trading partners about what can be accomplished when we determine that we are going to strike down protectionism, move toward liberalized trade, and generate new prosperity for all our people.On January 2, 1988, President Ronald Reagan of the United States and Prime Minister Brian Mulroney of Canada signed the landmark comprehensive Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the two countries that already enjoyed the largest bilateral trade relationship in the world. The FTA was subsequently ratified by the legislatures of both countries, if only after a bitterly fought election on the subject in Canada. On January 1, 1989, the FTA formally came into effect.

scholarly journals INDONESIA'S POSITION BASED ON THE AUSTRALIAN ASEAN NEW ZEALAND FREE TRADE AGREEMENT AND ITS IMPACT FROM A BUSINESS LAW PERSPECTIVE

2010 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Ariawan Gunadi
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Business Law ◽  
Business Partner ◽  
The West ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
The World

AbstractIndonesia as one of the major countries in South East Asia acts as aprominent business center between the East and the West. Business activitiessoon attract the attention of other countries in similar geography to share thewealth such as Malaysia, Filipina, Myanmar, Cambodia, Singapore,Vietnam, Thai/and, Laos, Myanmar and Brunei Darussalam. However, theinternational society would have to face the import taxes that impedesf oreign goods from flowing into state member' market. Australia and NewZealand as a fellow business partner then proposes the Australian AseanNew Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA) to the Association of SouthEast Asian Nations (ASEAN) that allows members to conduct free tradeamong them in almost every sector, including goods, services, investment,intellectual property and new issues (Singapore Issues). However theagreement is suspected by some parties to condone a subtle form of liberaleconomy that may allow Australia and New Zealand to influence the nationaleconomy of the weaker state, not mentioning endangering ASEAN'bargaining position in the World Trade Organization. This article attemptsto explain the position of Indonesia 's economic sovereignty by signing theAANZFTA which imposes several clauses affecting the economic activity andhow will the agreement bring impact to Indonesia 's national economy offrom a business law perspective.

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