scholarly journals Quality of raw milk in the highland tropics of Nariño, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 695-707
Author(s):  
Magaly Elizabeth Tobar-Delgado ◽  
José Luis Rodríguez-Bautista ◽  
Rocio Esperanza Patiño-Burbano ◽  
Francisco Emilio Argote-Vega ◽  
Edwin Castro-Rincón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Transport Time ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Compositional Quality ◽  
Collection Point

Introduction. The production and commercialization of raw milk in Nariño, Colombia, follows microbiological and compositional standards on which payment for quality is made. However, quality can be affected during its transport after milking. Objective. To describe the microbiological and compositional quality of raw milk in the highland tropic. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in seven municipalities in the department of Nariño, Colombia, during the rainy season between February and July of 2017. Two milk samples from the same milk can were collected, one after milking (farm; n = 10), and the second at the collection point (tank; n = 10). In each sample, the following variables were evaluated: height above the sea level of the collection site, aerobic mesophilic count (CFU), total coliform count (COL), milk temperature, fat (FAT), protein (PC) and total solids (TS). Results. The temperature of the milk was higher on the farm compared to the tank (30±0.68 vs. 23±0.87 °C, respectively). The aerobic mesophilic count was higher in the tank vs. farm (116,470 vs. 41,388 CFU ml-1, respectively). The temperature of the milk was negatively correlated with the distance and the transport time of the milk (-0.86 and -0.84, respectively). The compositional quality of the milk was not affected by transport conditions. Conclusion. In the high tropic conditions, the microbiological quality of raw milk was negatively affected by the increase in the aerobic mesophilic counts.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality analysis of raw, pasteurized, UHT milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sourav Kumar Banik ◽  
Kamal Kanta Das ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples

Present study attempted to determine the microbiological quality of raw, pasteurized and UHT (Ultra High Temperature-processed) milk samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh. A total of 46 samples were studied including 22 raw milk samples from the local dairy markets and 24 different brands of pasteurized and ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treated milk manufactured in different beverage industries. The samples were examined for determining the total viable bacterial count (TVBC) and total coliform count (TCC). Results revealed that the raw milk samples were substandard in terms of TVBC and TCC. The range of TVBC and TCC in raw milk samples was 5.2×108 to 1.3×107 cfu/ml and 4.2×104 to 1.0×104 cfu/ml, respectively. On the contrary, the quality of pasteurized and UHT-treated milks was excellent. The TVBC range in pasteurized milk samples was from 1.8×103 to 1.1×102 cfu/ml, slightly lower than that recommended by the Bangladesh Standards and Testing Institution (BSTI). Interestingly sample numbers P-6, P-10 and P-12 of pasteurized milk samples had no growth at all both in terms of TVBC and TCC and none of the UHT processed milk contained any bacteria. So from the consumer point of view, both types of processed milk can be considered safe for consumption within the mentioned expiry date. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v4i1.22753 Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 5-8

scholarly journals Microbiological quality assessment of raw milk and water samples from Noakhali district, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Asma Talukder ◽  
Anuja Saha ◽  
Sabrina Binta Shoeb ◽  
Mimma Tabassum
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Mold Count

This study was carried out to evaluate the microbial quality of raw milk and water samples taken at four different local shops in Maijdee area (Noakhali District), Bangladesh. Milk is a valuable food-stuff consumed on daily basis and is highly prone to bacterial contamination. Contamination with pathogenic microorganisms is most alarming for potable water and hence it is needed to detect the bacterial contamination in local drinking water. Microbiological quality of milk samples was analyzed using Total Viable Bacterial Count (TVBC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) and Yeast-mold Count techniques. Critical hygienic indicator for food and foodstuffs is total microbial load. Compare to four stores, store 3 shows the high contamination value in milk samples (TVC 12.48×105 cfu/ml, TCC 6.4×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 3.48×102 cfu/ml and 4.85×102 cfu/ml) whereas store 1 is liable to water samples (TVC 12.09×105 cfu/ml, TCC 4.81×105 cfu/ml, yeast- mold count 2.7×102 cfu/ml and 2.24×102 cfu/ml). These outcomes accentuate applying and sustaining proper hygiene practice throughout the manufacturing and distribution to prevent health risks of the rural people. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 31-36

scholarly journals Influence of the microbiological quality of raw milk on the shelf life of pasteurized milk

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1469
Author(s):  
José Carlos Ribeiro Júnior ◽  
Aline Marangon de Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Godoi Silva ◽  
Lorena Natalino Haber Garcia ◽  
Cátia Maria de Oliveira Lobo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Microbial Counts ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The dairy industry strives to produce high quality products with high nutritional value as well as to meet the legal standards for longer shelf life. However, these goals are made unfeasible by the poor quality of raw milk produced in some regions of Brazil. Others Brazilian dairy regions, however, already succeed in producing milk with low microbial counts, such as the municipality of Castro, Paraná state, designated as the ‘Brazilian dairy capital’. In order to evaluate the effect of raw milk quality on microbial counts during the shelf life of pasteurized milk, samples were collected from two dairy regions of Paraná: the northern and Castro region, characterized by milk production with high and low microbiological counts, respectively. Samples were experimentally pasteurized and the total microorganism counts were analyzed for 18 days at 7°C, using the Brazilian standard microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk (8 x 104 CFU/mL) as the end of the shelf life. Low microbiological counts in raw milk (Castro) resulted in significantly lower counts shortly after pasteurization and over the entire shelf life, meeting the pasteurized milk standard for 18 days. The temporal evolution in the counts over 18 days for the milks of high and low microbiological count was similar; however, the disparity between the absolute counts between the regions was significant (p < 0.05). Of the milk samples from northern Paraná, four (44.4%) already had counts higher than that of the legislative limit for pasteurized milk immediately after pasteurization. The others (five) reached the maximum microbiological count limit for pasteurized milk on the 6th day after pasteurization. In contrast, the milk from the Castro region remained below the limit throughout the analysis period. Thus, it can be stated that the microbiological quality of raw milk is directly related to the initial count of microorganisms after pasteurization, and that pasteurized milk produced from raw milk with low microbiological counts complies with the Brazilian legislation for 18 days following thermal processing.

scholarly journals Physical and microbial qualities of raw milk collected from Bangladesh Agricultural University dairy farm and the surrounding villages

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
MTG Khan ◽  
MA Zinnah ◽  
MP Siddique ◽  
MHA Rashid ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Total Viable Count ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples

The present study was undertaken with the aim of investigating the physical parameters (e.g. organoleptic and specific gravity of raw milk) and also to study the microbiological quality of raw milk (total viable count, Coliform count and Staphylococcal count) from different villages and Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU) Dairy Farm of Mymensingh District of Bangladesh, during the period from July to November 2007. A total number of 100 raw milk samples were collected at morning and evening from BAU dairy farm and surrounding four villages of BAU campus. The organoleptic and bacteriological qualities of each sample were analyzed. The organoleptic examination included taste panel score to assess consumer's acceptance and the bacteriological analysis comprised enumeration of total viable count (TVC), total colifrom count (TCC) and total staphylococcal count (TSC) for the determination of sanitary quality. The organoleptic quality of the milk samples is more or less same except the Churkhai milk samples which had flat taste (in 16% milk sample). The average values of TVC/ml were log 5.920, 5.934, 6.007, 6.075 and 6.127 for BAU Dairy Farm, Boira, Shutiakhali, Churkahai and Paglabazar respectively; coliform count were log 2.501, 2.522, 2.550, 2.620 and 2.619 respectively; staphylococcal count were log 2.832, 2.812, 2.866, 2.931 and 2.988 respectively. So, it may be concluded that the raw milk samples of BAU Dairy Farm were superior to others collected from the selected villages which may be due to maintaining better hygienic condition. Key words: Raw milk, physical and microbial quality   doi: 10.3329/bjvm.v6i2.2339 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (2): 217-221

scholarly journals The effect of breed and stage of lactation on the microbiological status of raw milk

2019 ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Flóra Mária Petróczki ◽  
Tema Andualem Tonamo ◽  
Béla Béri ◽  
Ferenc Peles
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Jersey Cows ◽  
Friesian Cows

The microbiological quality of the milk is important not only for food safety, but it can also influence the quality of dairy products. The microbiological status of raw cow milk can be influenced by many factors. Our aim was to determine whether there was a difference between the microbiological quality of milk of two different cow breeds (Holstein Friesian and Jersey) kept and milked in the same conditions, and how the microbiological quality of the raw cow milk changed during lactation (beginning, mid, and end). Samples were taken and analysed in July, August and September in 2018 from two dairy farms in Hajdú-Bihar county. During the conducted studies, the total plate count (TPC), the coliform count, the Staphylococcus aureus count and the coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) count of raw milk samples were determined. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the milk of the Holstein Friesian and Jersey breeds in the case of TPC. However, the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows was significantly lower (P<0.05) than the mean coliform count of milk samples taken from Jersey cows. S. aureus was detected in one of the twelve milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and in two of the eleven milk samples taken from Jersey cows. CNS was found in larger amount in milk samples taken from Holstein Friesian cows, and the difference was significant (P<0.05). Both TPC and CNS count were significantly higher (P<0.05) in individual milk samples taken at the end stage of lactation, than in samples taken in the earlier stages of lactation from Farm “A”. However, in the case of Farm “B”, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in colony counts at different stages of lactation. S. aureus was only present in milk samples that collected from cows, which were at the beginning and middle stages of lactation. Testimg the hemolysin production ability of S. aureus strains isolated from the raw milk samples, only weak hemolysis was observed on blood agar. In case of antibiotic resistance testing, it was found that all strains were susceptible to cefoxitin, chloramphenicol, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, penicillin G, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole. Based on the results of our studies, staphylococci were detected in a higher amount in the milk of Holstein Friesian cows, and coliform bacteria were detected in a higher number in the milk of Jersey cows. Summing up the results of the milk samples taken from the different stages of lactation in one of the farms, it can be concluded that higher TPC and CNS count could be detected at the end stage of lactation than in the samples taken from the earlier stages of lactation. The fact that at the end of lactation the microorganisms could be detected in a higher colony count may be related to the fact that teats could be damaged during lactation by the milking machine, which increased the chance of imvading the microorganisms into the udder.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Hygienic Quality of Raw Cow’s Milk in Oujda City Morocco

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 587-591
Author(s):  
K. Mchiouer ◽  
S. Bennani ◽  
N. Sh. El-Gendy ◽  
M. Meziane
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fecal Streptococci

ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to determine the microbiological quality of raw cows’ milk of Oujda city. Raw milk samples are collected randomly between June 2014 and May 2015 from 20 Mahlaba (dairies) for microbiological evaluation. The samples are analyzed to determine total mesophilic aerobic bacteria (TMAB), total coliform, fecal coliform, staphylococcus aureus, fecal streptococci, proteolytic bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. The results of bacterial count showed that there is a variation between all the milk samples and a period effect is also observed. The mean counts of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria from all sale points are between 1.76×106 and 40.17×106 CFU/ml. Milk samples reveled counts total coliform and fecal coliform ranging from 0.58×105 to 11.10×105 CFU/ml and from 0.60×103 to 14.64×103 CFU/ml, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus are also detected in all samples with counts ranging from 0.35 ×103 to 3.08×103 CFU/ml. Fecal streptococci are found in all milk samples, at counts ranging from 0.16 ×102 to 2.18 ×102 CFU/ml. And finally, proteolytic and lactic acid bacteria are between 0.3×103 and 2.86×103 CFU/ml and 2.37×106 and 24.14 ×106 CFU/ml respectively. These results indicate a lack of compliance with good manufacturing practice at milking, collection and transportation of raw milk.

Rapid and Simple Estimation of Microbiological Quality of Raw Milk Using Chromogenic Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate Endpoint Assay

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1447-1451 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIN-SUK RHEE ◽  
DONG-HYUN KANG
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Microtiter Plate ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate ◽  
Endpoint Assay ◽  
Lal Assay

A rapid chromogenic Limulus amoebocyte lysate (LAL) endpoint assay for the enumeration of total mesophilic microbial loads and coliforms was investigated as a means to assess the microbiological quality of raw milk. For experiment 1, raw milk samples (n = 25) were stored in a refrigerator (2 ± 2°C) and then analyzed at regular intervals (1, 5, 10, and 15 days). For experiment 2, fresh raw milk samples (n = 50) were tested to determine the utility of the LAL assay for fresh raw milk. The sample was diluted threefold in a 96-well microtiter plate with pyrogen-free water and assayed with a chromogenic LAL kit to find a final reaction point. The LAL results were compared with standard plate counts (SPC) and coliform counts determined by conventional plating methods. The results of the LAL assay were strongly correlated to conventional SPC (r2 = 0.93; n = 100) and were highly correlated to coliforms (r2 = 0.74; n = 100). A highly significant linear relationship (r2 = 0.82; n = 50) was also observed between the predicted SPC based on the LAL value and the actual SPC. The results of LAL testing were classified into one of seven contamination groups. The data set for SPC was effectively differentiated using the LAL technique (P &lt; 0.01). The chromogenic LAL assay was found to be a rapid (within 16 min) and simple (not requiring specific instruments) method for monitoring microbial levels in raw milk. This method may be successfully implemented to rapidly determine highly microbial contaminated raw milk (&gt;3.0 log10 CFU/ml of SPC).

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of refrigerated raw milk in the dairy farm and after transport to the processing dairy plant

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Mörschbächer ◽  
Claudete Rempel ◽  
Mônica Maciel
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: Transport of cooled raw milk in bulk has greatly improved the quality of the raw material collected by dairy plants as it reduces the proliferation of mesophilic microorganisms that cause milk acidity and hinder its processing. However, refrigeration has favored the growth of psychrotrophic microorganisms which are able to grow at low temperatures (below 10ºC) and that produce heat resistant enzymes which degrade some milk components, reducing milk shelf life and causing organoleptic changes. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the microbiological quality of raw milk in dairy farms and after its transport to the processing dairy plant, through plate counting of mesophilic and psychrotrophic microorganisms. Fourteen milk samples were collected from tanks of the dairy-farming properties, and one sample was collected from their milk transport tanker at the entrance of the processing plant. Our results showed that the mean number of mesophilic microorganisms was higher in samples collected straight from the dairy farm tanks than in the samples collected from the transportation tankers at the entrance of the plant. Of the 14 sampled tanks, 64.3% were non-compliant with legislation. The sample collected from the milk transportation tanker containing milk from all properties showed a higher mean number of psychrotrophic microorganisms than the dairy farm samples. We conclude that the milk from dairy properties showed a higher amount of mesophilic microorganisms, and after transportation, at the entrance of the processing plant, there is a higher amount of psychrotrophic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Modified Pre-Milking Sanitizing Approaches on Raw Milk Quality Obtained from the Dairy Farmers of Tawau Area, Sabah

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Sim Kheng Yuen ◽  
Mohammad Raisul Alam
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Food Borne Pathogens ◽  
Trace Back ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Milk Hygiene ◽  
Small Holder

The aim of the study was to investigate the raw milk hygiene and quality among the small holder dairy farmers in Tawau area. A total of 216 samples were collected from the respective dairy farmers and milk collecting centre located at Mile 15, Tawau. Preliminary results indicated that the quality of the raw milks obtained at farm level contained were inferior with high bacteria load (> than 107 CFU/ml). The total coliform (2.9-3.8 CFU/mL) and Staphylococcus count (2.3-3.6 CFU/mL) were relatively high in certain samples. However, none of the food borne pathogens was found. Trace back study revealed that the causes of contamination were attributed by poor hygienic handling among the dairy farmers and insufficient for immediate chilling of raw milk. A significant reduction in bacteria load was observed if the raw milk chilled immediately at farm. The implementation of modified pre-milking sanitizing practices improved the microbiology quality of the raw milks obtained from respective dairy farms. Future study will focus more on the effect of prolong storage towards the microbiological quality of raw milk.

The microbiological quality of Slovenian raw milk from vending machines and their hygienic-technical conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karmen Godic Torkar ◽  
Andrej Kirbiš ◽  
Stanka Vadnjal ◽  
Majda Biasizzo ◽  
An Galicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Vending Machines ◽  
Technical Requirements

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the microbiological quality of raw milk delivered by 17 vending machines (VM) owned by different Slovenian milk producers. Design/methodology/approach For the determination of hygiene-technical conditions of VM, an observation list that included criteria for estimation of hygiene-technical suitability was made. A total of 51 milk samples were collected in three different seasons. The swabs and the cleaning liquid (eluates) of dispensing nozzles and chambers were also sampled. The main groups of microorganisms were determined by colony count technique according to international standards in all collected samples. Findings The aerobic colony count was higher than 100,000 CFU/mL in 20 (39.2 per cent) of milk samples. Its mean value was 4.8 log10 CFU/mL. The mean values of Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic microorganisms, lipolytes, proteolytes, yeasts and moulds together, coagulase-positive staphylococci and somatic cell count were 3.3 log10 CFU/mL, 4.1 log10 CFU/mL, 3.2 log10 CFU/mL, 3.9 log10 CFU/mL, 2.2 log10 CFU/mL, 2.8 log10 CFU/mL and 5.3 log10 cells/mL, respectively. E. coli was found in 33.3 per cent of milk samples, while Listeria monocytogenes and antibiotics were not detected. The inner surface contamination of the dispensing nozzles and chambers was estimated in the range from 1.8 log10 CFU to 6.0 log10 CFU/cm2. The presence of detergents and disinfectants in supply valve eluates was determined in more than one-third of the samples. The hygienic-technical conditions of observed VM show some deviations from specified hygienic-technical requirements which could influence the safety of raw milk. Research limitations/implications The data about construction and the cleaning practice of VM, included in the experiment, were not available during the inspection facility. Originality/value In the paper the pathogenic and also the spoilage microorganisms in milk in the combination with hygienic conditions of inside surfaces of VM were studied.

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