scholarly journals Gypsum and potassium application to acid soils for maize (Zea mays L.) production in La Frailesca, Chiapas, Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 46173
Author(s):  
Armando Tasistro ◽  
Robertony Camas-Gómez ◽  
Ivan Ortiz-Monasterio
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dolomitic Lime ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Subsoil Acidity ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
K Fertilization

Introduction. Maize (Zea mays L.) production in La Frailesca region, Mexico, is limited by sandy soils, low in potassium (K), and with acidic arable layers and subsoils. There is information on the management of lime but not on amendments that could be used for subsoil acidity — such as gypsum — nor on the interactions between amendments for soil acidity and K fertilization. Objective. To evaluate the effects of K and gypsum on maize and on previously limed soils. Materials and methods. The evaluations were conducted in farmers’ fields in La Frailesca region, Chiapas (Mexico) in 2016 and 2017. Four gypsum rates (0, 1.25, 2.5 and 5 t ha-1) and four K rates (0, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1 as K2O) were factorially combined in a randomized block design, with three replicates. In both years, before the beginning of the experiments, dolomitic lime was applied to the experimental area following standard practices. Responses of crop yield, soil exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Al, and soil pH were obtained. Results. Maize yields increased with gypsum (stabilizing at 1.25-3.0 t ha-1), and K (stabilizing at 70-120 kg ha-1 of K2O) applications. In soils, K application increased exchangeable K content, while gypsum increased exchangeable Ca content and pH, and decreased exchangeable Al content. Liming increased pHCa and exchangeable Ca and Mg contents, and lowered the exchangeable Al content in the top 7.5 cm of soil. Conclusion. Soils with exchangeable K (≤0.3 cmolc kg-1) were responsive to K fertilization. The positive effects on yields from gypsum were probably linked to a greater Ca supply in the top 7.5 cm. These results are encouraging about the benefits of the combined application of dolomitic lime, gypsum, and K, but longer evaluations are needed to properly determine the effects of gypsum on subsoil acidity.

scholarly journals Histo-anatomic Aspects on Zea Mays L. Influenced by Hemp Shives Polyphenolic Extract

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Corneliu Tănase ◽  
Sanda Coşarcă ◽  
Silvia Oroian
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Polyphenolic Extract

The plant kingdom is an inexhaustible source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant character. It is known that, natural polyphenols are essential compounds in stimulating plant growth and development. The aim of this study was to identify the internal structure changes in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings, under the influence of hemp shives polyphenolic extract. Hemp shives polyphenolic extract was characterized in terms of the total content of polyphenols and individual content by HPLC. Germination tests were carried out going through a standard procedure. In order to perform the histo-anatomical characterization, the vegetal material was fixed and preserved in alcohol 70%, following to be cut by hand microtome. The sections obtained were stained using double staining reagents: green - iodine and ruthenium red. It was observed, compared with the control, that hemp shives polyphenolic extract determines a good development of the root hairs and increase leading bundles number and central vessels metaxylem. Hemp shives polyphenolic extract in lower concentrations has positive effects on developed process of Zea mays L. plants that can be attributed to bioregulation properties.

scholarly journals By-Plant Prediction of Dry Matter Yields at Various Growth Stages of Maize Plants (Zea mays L.) Using Leaf Greenness Indicator in Climatic Conditions of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9513
Author(s):  
Waldemar Zielewicz ◽  
Barbara Wróbel ◽  
Piotr Szulc ◽  
Henryk Bujak ◽  
Barbara Stachowiak
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Leaf Greenness ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Greenness Index

Predicting yield at an early growth stage allows one to optimize the amount and timing of nitrogen fertilization to maximize crop yield. The aim of the study was to determine how different nitrogen doses would affect the nutrition of two maize varieties (Zea mays L.) with this element and their yields, and to demonstrate the potential of using the SPAD index as an early-stage predictor of dry matter yield (DMY) of maize biomass. The field experiment, with different pre- and post-sown N fertilizer doses, was conducted for two years in Poland. The two-factor experiment was set up in a randomized block design with three field replicates. There were four mineral fertilization variants: (I) 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K fertilization, (II) 120 kg N·ha−1 + PK, (III) 160 kg N·ha−1 + PK, and (IV) 200 kg N·ha−1 + PK. The second-order factor was two stay-green maize varieties: Delitop (FAO 240) and Magitop (FAO 270). The mean values of the SPAD index of maize depended on the nitrogen dose. When the dose was increased from 120 kg·ha−1 to 200 kg·ha−1 with constant P and K fertilization, the value of the leaf greenness index increased significantly. The plants of both maize varieties fertilized with nitrogen at a dose of 120 kg N·ha−1 without P and K were characterized by the lowest values of the SPAD index, regardless of the year of the experiment. When the nitrogen dose was supplemented with P and K, the plants’ nutrition with nitrogen improved significantly. The values of the SPAD index in the maize plants of the variety Magitop were significantly greater than in the plants of the variety Delitop. The coefficients of correlation calculated for both maize varieties were highly significant at all measurement dates. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that the SPAD leaf greenness index can be used as an important, reliable, and non-invasive indicator for maize yield prediction. Nutrition of maize plants with nitrogen proved to be the main determinant of variability of the biomass yield. For this reason, it was the basis for the verification of individual mineral fertilization variants. The lack of phosphorus and potassium in the dose of mineral fertilizer limited the yield regardless of the variety, as compared to the variant that was optimally balanced with the nitrogen dose.

scholarly journals Potassium Bioavailability in a Tropical Kaolinitic Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2016
Author(s):  
Marcelo Raphael Volf ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
Antônio Carlos de Azevedo ◽  
Michael L. Thompson ◽  
John L. Kovar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
K Fertilization ◽  
Strong Ability

Some plant species are able to acquire non-exchangeable forms of K, which improve K availability and cycling in cropping systems, and which may explain the lack of response to K. However, this would not be expected in soils dominated by kaolinite. The aim of this study was to assess non-exchangeable K (Kne) use by three selected plant species grown in a tropical Haplic Plinthosol with low exchangeable K (Ke). A greenhouse experiment was conducted with soybean (Glycine max L., Merr.), maize (Zea mays L.), and ruzigrass (Urochloa ruziziensis) with or without K fertilization for three growing cycles. The crop treatments were compared with a control without plants. In the absence of K fertilization, all the tested plants were able to use non-exchangeable K and non-exchangeable K contributed more than 80% of the K demand of the plants in the first growing cycle, even in this kaolinitic soil. In the first growing cycle, soybean and maize took up more non-exchangeable K than ruzigrass, concomitant with higher dry matter yields. Over the three crop cycles, as both biomass yield and K uptake decreased in the unfertilized systems, the dependence of plants on non-exchangeable K decreased. Unfertilized ruzigrass showed a strong ability to acquire non-exchangeable K from the soil. Over the course of three growing cycles, K application decreased the absolute uptake of non-exchangeable K as well as its fractional contribution to total K uptake by the crops.

scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Application of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Maize Plants Cultivated in the Presence or Absence of Cadmium

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503
Author(s):  
Kristína Šípošová ◽  
Eva Labancová ◽  
Danica Kučerová ◽  
Karin Kollárová ◽  
Zuzana Vivodová
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Development

Auxins are plant hormones that affect plant growth, development, and improve a plant’s tolerance to stress. In this study, we found that the application of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) had diverse effects on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.) roots treated without/with Cd. IBA caused changes in the growth and morphology of the roots under non-stress conditions; hence, we were able to select two concentrations of IBA (10−11 M as stimulatory and 10−7 M as inhibitory). IBA in stimulatory concentration did not affect the concentration of H2O2 or the activity of antioxidant enzymes while IBA in inhibitory concentration increased only the concentration of H2O2 (40.6%). The application of IBA also affected the concentrations of mineral nutrients. IBA in stimulatory concentration increased the concentration of N, K, Ca, S, and Zn (5.8–14.8%) and in inhibitory concentration decreased concentration of P, K, Ca, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu (5.5–36.6%). Moreover, IBA in the concentration 10−9 M had the most positive effects on the plants cultivated with Cd. It decreased the concentration of H2O2 (34.3%), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (23.7–36.4%), and increased the concentration of all followed elements, except Mg (5.5–34.1%), when compared to the Cd.

Effects of rates and placement methods of urea and potassium chloride on soil nitrogen and potassium and corn dry matter yield

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Chen ◽  
A. F. MacKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer Placement ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Exchangeable K

Placement and interaction of urea and KCl fertilizers for corn production needs to be evaluated to develop rational fertilizer management programs. A field study, involving three rates of urea and KCl with band and broadcast placements, was conducted with corn on two Quebec soils in 1988 and 1989 to determine nutrient interactions on corn (Zea mays L.) dry matter yields, N and P uptake and on soil N and K. In two sites (Chicot 1988 and Ormstown 1989) with dry surface soils, no rainfall for 5 d and significant rainfall after 5 d, broadcast urea resulted in higher dry matter yields and uptake of N than banded urea. In the Chicot 1989 site where urea application was on moist soil and followed by rainfall insufficient to move broadcast urea into the soil, banded urea was more effective than broadcast urea. Banded urea generally resulted in increased inorganic N and fixed [Formula: see text] in soil sampled from within fertilizer bands but lower levels in soil between bands in comparison with broadcast urea. Banding KCl resulted in increased exchangeable K+ in the band. Compared with exchangeable K+, fixed K+ was less affected by placement methods and rates of added N and K. Interactions between rates and placement methods of N and K on dry matter yield, N and K uptake and soil N and K were few and relatively small. Key words: Fertilizer placement, urea, KCl, Zea mays, grain, corn

The use of Ca-modified, brown-coal-derived humates and fulvates for treatment of soil acidity

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 1171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damayanthi Peiris ◽  
Antonio F. Patti ◽  
W. Roy Jackson ◽  
Marc Marshall ◽  
Christopher J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Brown Coal ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Exchangeable Ca ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Over The Top

Previous workers have demonstrated the amelioration of soil acidity with Ca-saturated, at least slightly soluble, organic materials. This study investigated the effectiveness of a new source of such materials, the humate- or fulvate-rich products of oxidation (hydrogen peroxide) of Loy Yang brown coal. The products were characterised by physical and spectroscopic measurements and by elemental analysis. Two products, one approximately half fulvate (fulvate-rich), the other predominantly humate (humate-rich) were mixed with CaCl2 and then used to treat columns of an acid red podzol soil from Book Book, NSW. Leachate fractions were collected and analysed for pH, ionic strength, and concentration of Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, and Al. After leaching (3 pore volumes), each soil column was sectioned and exchangeable Ca and Al contents were determined. The results were compared with those obtained from lime-treated and untreated columns.The Ca-fulvate-rich product was the most effective in lowering the exchangeable Al content of the soil whilst increasing exchangeable Ca and soil pH. About 90% of the reduction in exchangeable Al was due to loss of Al in the leachate rather than immobilisation. The pH increased over the top 15 cm of the column from 3.8 ± 0.1 to 4.5–5.4. The Ca-humate-rich oxidised product was less effective in ameliorating soil acidity, as expected from its chemical properties, but it increased soil pH (to 4.0–4.7) and exchangeable Ca in the top 6 cm of the column and decreased exchangeable Al in the top 12 cm. More of the reduction in exchangeable Al than for the treatment with Ca-fulvate-rich material was due to conversion to an immobile form. This material was superior to lime, which only gave significant improvement near the soil surface. The leachates from treated columns contained the same amounts of Mg, Mn, and K as a control, but more Fe was leached from treated columns, particularly that treated with the Ca-fulvate-rich product.

Influence de l'âge sur les caractéristiques photosynthétiques de la feuille de maïs, Zea mays L

Agronomie ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier BETHENOD ◽  
Christine JACOB ◽  
Jean-Claude RODE ◽  
Jean-François MOROT-GAUDRY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

PRODUKTIVITAS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) DI TANAH MINERAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Yoyon Riono.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

Penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian produktivitas pupuk organik terhadap hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) di tanah mineral penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei, yang bertempat di Sungai Salak Kecsmstsn Tempuling Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor B adalah bokashi pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu B0 (tanpa pemberianpupuk kandang), B1 (5 ton/ha) dan B2 (10 tom/ ha), serta B3 (15 ton/ha) Parameter yang di amati adalah tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering, berat tongkol pertanaman sampel, diameter tongkol , produksi per plot, dan berat 100 biji. Selanjutnya data yang di peroleh di olah secara statistik, apabila F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel di lanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi bokashi pupuk kandang dan varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat tongkol dan produksi dan produksi per plot, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering , diameter tongkol dan berat 1000 biji. Untuk perlakuan bokashi pupuk kandang secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap diameter tongkol , akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tongkol, produksi per plot, dan berat 1000 biji, perlakuan bokashi terbaik terdapat pada pemberian 15 ton/ha. Sedangkan perlakuan varietas secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat brangkasan basah, berat tongkol, dan produksi per plot seta berat 1000 biji, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan kering, dan diameter tongkol. Varietass terbaik adalah NT 10

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