Frequency of Teeth Number Anomalies  in Costa Rican Children at the Faculty of Dentistry University of Costa Rica

Dental anomalies can produce alterations in dental shape, number, size, and structure, affecting function and aesthetics. The objective of this study is to determine the frequency and location of teeth number anomalies in healthy Costa Rican children between 6 and 12 years old. An observational and retrospective study was carried out with 157 panoramic radiographs of the patients of the pediatric dentistry and orthodontics clinic of the University of Costa Rica between the years 2015-2017. Hyperdontias and hypodontias were the anomalies observed. Data were analyzed using a Fisher exact test with a significance level of 5% . The results showed that the overall frequency of dental anomalies was 8.3%, 4.5% were hyperdontias and 3.8% hypodontias. Double or multiple hyperdontia and hypodontia were also found. The difference between sex was not significant (p= 0.145). Supernumeraries were more frequent in maxilla and hypodontias in mandible. Mesiodens was the most frequently found supernumerary teeth. Mandibular second premolars were the most commonly missing teeth.

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A regional Stokes-Helmert geoid determination for Costa Rica (GCR-RSH-2020): computation and evaluation

Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy ◽

10.31577/congeo.2020.50.2.3 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 223-247

Author(s):

Jaime GARBANZO-LEÓN ◽

Alonso VEGA FERNÁNDEZ ◽

Mauricio VARELA SÁNCHEZ ◽

Juan Picado SALVATIERRA ◽

Robert W. KINGDON ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Gravity Data ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Costa Rican ◽

Geopotential Model ◽

Geoid Model ◽

Satellite Gravity ◽

Common Solution ◽

The Difference ◽

The University

GNSS observations are a common solution for outdoor positioning around the world for coarse and precise applications. However, GNSS produces geodetic heights, which are not physically meaningful, limiting their functionality in many engineering applications. In Costa Rica, there is no regional model of the geoid, so geodetic heights (h) cannot be converted to physically meaningful orthometric heights (H). This paper describes the computation of a geoid model using the Stokes-Helmert approach developed by the University of New Brunswick. We combined available land, marine and satellite gravity data to accurately represent Earth's high frequency gravity field over Costa Rica. We chose the GOCO05s satellite-only global geopotential model as a reference field for our computation. With this combination of input data, we computed the 2020 Regional Stokes-Helmert Costa Rican Geoid (GCR-RSH-2020). To validate this model, we compared it with 4 global combined geopotential models (GCGM): EGM2008, Eigen6C-4, GECO and SGG-UM-1 finding an average difference of 5 cm. GECO and SGG-UM-1 are more similar to the GCR-RSH-2020 based on the statistics of the difference between models and the shape of the histogram of differences. The computed geoid also showed a shift of 7 cm when compared to the old Costa Rican height system but presented a slightly better fit with that system than the other models when looking at the residuals. In conclusion, GCR-RSH-2020 presents a consistent behaviour with the global models and the Costa Rican height systems. Also, the lowest variance suggests a more accurate determination when the bias is removed.

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Clandestine Abortions in Cameroon: Risk Factors for Severe Complications

Bangladesh Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology ◽

10.3329/bjog.v29i1.30439 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

Elie Nkwabong ◽

Efuetnkeng Bechem ◽

Joseph Nelson Fomulu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gestational Age ◽

University Teaching ◽

Time Interval ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Primary Health Center ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dilatation And Curettage ◽

The University

Objective (s): The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for severe complications (SC) of clandestine abortions.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted between March 1st and August 31st, 2012 in the maternities of the University Teaching Hospital and the Central Hospital, Yaoundé (Cameroon). Files of women with clandestine abortions were recruited. Main variables studied were maternal age, parity, gestational age, the method used, the time interval between abortion and consultation, the complications presented. Data of women with SC were compared to those of women who had with non severe or no complications (NC). Fisher exact test and student t test were used for comparison. The significance level was p=0.05.Results: Amongst 94 women, 76 (80.9%) had SC against 18 (19.1%) with NC.Risk factors for SC were gestational age e12 weeks (OR 2.7, 95%CI 0.8-8.9), abortion carried out with dilatation and curettage/evacuation (OR 2.4, 95%CI 0.6-9.2) or with intramuscular injection of a non specified medication (four cases against zero respectively), by a nurse (OR 1.4, 95%CI 0.5- 4.1), by a friend (nine cases against zero respectively) or a traditional healer (three cases against zero respectively). Other risk factors were abortion carried out in a primary health center (OR 1.5, 95%CI 0.4-4.7) and late consultation after abortion (P=0.0404).Conclusions: For prevention of severe post abortal complications, women and abortionists should be informed on these risk factors.Bangladesh J Obstet Gynaecol, 2014; Vol. 29(1) : 21-25

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Amelogenesis Imperfecta. The Likelihood of Genetic Transmission to the Next Generation in Costa Rican Families

Odovtos - International Journal of Dental Sciences ◽

10.15517/ijds.v0i16.20328 ◽

2015 ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Gina Murillo Knudsen ◽

Sandra Silva de la Fuente ◽

Mariana Mata Martínez ◽

María José Esquivel Hidalgo

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

Pediatric Dentistry ◽

Genetic Mutation ◽

Costa Rican ◽

Amelogenesis Imperfecta ◽

Future Generations ◽

Dental School ◽

Clinical Records ◽

The University

<p><span>Amelogenesis Imperfecta describes a group of structural anomalies of dental enamel whose inheritance pattern may be dominant or recessive autosomal, or sex-linked pattern to X chromosome. It also can be linked to spontaneous genetic mutation called as novo mutation. Members of seven Costa Rican families, affected and not affected by Amelogenesis Imperfecta, were studied with the objective of determining the probability of future generations manifesting the condition in dental enamel. Subjects were referred by students and faculty members, of the postgraduate program in pediatric dentistry of dental school. Private practitioners also referred some patients. The study protocol was approved by the research ethics committee of the office of research of the University of Costa Rica, and each participant provided written informed consent. Family pedigrees and genetic information was entered into computer software using the Cyrillic program. Data was extracted from clinical records of the University of Costa Rica dental school, and direct family histories were obtained from the subjects. Data was organized in Punnett Squares, and analysis performed according to Mendelian Laws. Analysis of the pathological manifestation of Amelogenesis Imperfecta according to recessive, dominant or indeterminate patterns enabled a more precise determination of the likelihood of heritability in future generations. The results lead to a better understanding of the origin of this enamel condition and explain better its heritability to next generations of the same families. In order to confirm the precise genetic mutation(s) it is essential to collect and analyze DNA from saliva or blood of each subject. This is an additional line of research, not included within the scope of this text. </span></p>

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Phlebitis associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in adults admitted to hospital in the Western Brazilian Amazon

Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP ◽

10.1590/s0080-623420160000200012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 263-271 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Sandra Maria Sampaio Enes ◽

Simone Perufo Opitz ◽

André Ricardo Maia da Costa de Faro ◽

Mavilde de Luz Gonçalves Pedreira

Keyword(s):

Intermittent Infusion ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Intravenous Therapy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Dorsal Hand Vein ◽

Mean Time ◽

Intravenous Catheters

Abstract OBJECTIVE To identify the presence of phlebitis and the factors that influence the development of this complication in adult patients admitted to hospital in the western Brazilian Amazon. METHOD Exploratory study with a sample of 122 peripheral intravenous catheters inserted in 122 patients in a medical unit. Variables related to the patient and intravenous therapy were analyzed. For the analysis, we used chi-square tests of Pearson and Fisher exact test, with 5% significance level. RESULTS Complication was the main reason for catheter removal (67.2%), phlebitis was the most frequent complication (31.1%). The mean duration of intravenous therapy use was 8.81 days in continuous and intermittent infusion (61.5%), in 20G catheter (39.3%), inserted in the dorsal hand vein arc (36.9 %), with mean time of usage of 68.4 hours. The type of infusion (p=0.044) and the presence of chronic disease (p=0.005) and infection (p=0.007) affected the development of phlebitis. CONCLUSION There was a high frequency of phlebitis in the sample, being influenced by concomitant use of continuous and intermittent infusion of drugs and solutions, and more frequent in patients with chronic diseases and infection.

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Evaluation of toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Medicine ◽

10.52142/omujecm.38.2.18 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 154-158

Author(s):

Nur DOKUZEYLUL GÜNGÖR ◽

Tuğba GÜRBÜZ ◽

Selma Bozkurt ZİNCİR ◽

Banu DOKUZEYLÜL ◽

Erman OR ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Anxiety ◽

Anxiety Level ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Exact Test ◽

Main Host ◽

The Difference ◽

At Home

Cats are the main host of Toxoplasma gondii and pregnant women who own cats at home may be at risk. This condition may cause anxiety and stress in pregnant women. The aim of this study is to evaluate toxoplasmosis risk on anxiety and perception of cat owner pregnant women. The study group consisted of 59 pregnant women feeding cats in the home and 369 pregnant women not feeding cats. A Health Anxiety Inventory (HAI-18) was used to measure the anxiety of all participants. Age and anxiety variables were analyzed using a two-sample independent t-test. Gravida, education, and job status were analyzed using chi-square tests, and live to abort ratio & pregnancy number were analyzed using Fisher exact test. Measurement of the anxiety level between the two groups showed that anxiety is significantly higher among the pregnant women who feed cats in their house with an average of 32.03±8.72. The average anxiety level among the pregnant women who don't have cats in their house was 25.94±8.99. The difference between the Health Anxiety Inventory of the two groups was significant (p= 0.0001) It was shown in the literature that pets can reduce anxiety but not studied in pregnant women, yet. Our results showed that pregnant women who own cats at home had more environmental anxiety than women who don’t feed cats at home which is possibly associated with fear of Toxoplasma gondii transmission. This anxiety may also cause unfavorable pregnancy outcomes like eclampsia, preterm birth, low birth weight and high incidence of cesarean delivery.

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Diastasis recti abdominis during pregnancy and 12 months after childbirth: prevalence, risk factors and report of lumbopelvic pain

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsports-2016-096065 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (17) ◽

pp. 1092-1096 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Jorun Bakken Sperstad ◽

Merete Kolberg Tennfjord ◽

Gunvor Hilde ◽

Marie Ellström-Engh ◽

Kari Bø

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Post Partum ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Diastasis Recti ◽

Student’S T ◽

First Time ◽

Diastasis Recti Abdominis ◽

Student’S T Test

Background/aimDiastasis recti abdominis (DRA) is defined as a separation of the 2 muscle bellies of rectus abdominis. To date there is scant knowledge on prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of the condition. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of DRA during pregnancy and post partum, presence of possible risk factors, and the occurrence of lumbopelvic pain among women with and without DRA.MethodsThis prospective cohort study followed 300 first-time pregnant women from pregnancy till 12 months post partum. Data were collected by electronic questionnaire and clinical examinations. DRA was defined as a palpated separation of ≥2 fingerbreadths either 4.5 cm above, at or 4.5 cm below the umbilicus. Women with and without DRA were compared with independent samples Student's t-test and χ2/Fisher exact test, and OR with significance level >0.05.ResultsPrevalence of DRA was 33.1%, 60.0%, 45.4%, and 32.6% at gestation week 21, 6 weeks, 6 months and 12 months post partum, respectively. No difference in risk factors was found when comparing women with and without DRA. OR showed a greater likelihood for DRA among women reporting heavy lifting ≥20 times weekly (OR 2.18 95% CI 1.05 to 4.52). There was no difference in reported lumbopelvic pain (p=0.10) in women with and without DRA.ConclusionsPrevalence of mild DRA was high both during pregnancy and after childbirth. Women with and without DRA reported the same amount of lumbopelvic pain 12 months post partum.

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Exploring Subclinical Phenotypic Features in Twin Pairs Discordant for Cleft Lip and Palate

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1597/15-190 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 90-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Elizabeth J. Leslie ◽

Jenna C. Carlson ◽

Margaret E. Cooper ◽

Kaare Christensen ◽

Seth M. Weinberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cleft Lip ◽

Cleft Lip And Palate ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Orofacial Cleft ◽

Exact Test ◽

History Of ◽

Orbicularis Oris Muscle ◽

The Difference ◽

Larger Sample

Objective Monozygotic twins of an individual with an orofacial cleft have a significantly elevated risk for orofacial cleft compared with the general population, but still the concordance rate for orofacial cleft in monozygotic twins is about 40% to 50%. The goal of this study was to determine whether unaffected cotwins have an increased frequency of orbicularis oris muscle defects, a subclinical form of orofacial cleft. The presence of such defects may reduce the overall rate of discordance. Method A total of 63 discordant monozygotic and dizygotic twin pairs, 262 unaffected nontwin siblings, and 543 controls with no history of orofacial clefts were assessed for orbicularis oris defects by high-resolution ultrasound. Frequencies were compared by the Fisher exact test. Results Unaffected cotwins from discordant monozygotic pairs had a higher frequency of defects (12.5%) than the other test groups (6.38% to 6.99%), but the difference was not statistically significant ( P = .74). Conclusions In this study, orbicularis oris defects were not statistically significantly more common among the unaffected twins from orofacial cleft discordant twin pairs. The trends in the results warrant future studies with larger sample sizes and additional subclinical phenotypes.

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Synergistic effect of genetic polymorphisms in TLR6 and TLR10 genes on the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis in Moldavian population

10.21203/rs.3.rs-70770/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander M. Varzari ◽

Igor V. Deyneko ◽

Elena Tudor ◽

Harald Grallert ◽

Thomas Illig

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Interaction Analysis ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Polymorphism Analysis ◽

Bonferroni Correction ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

Efficient Recognition ◽

Core Genes

Abstract BACKGROUND Host immunity is essential for efficient recognition and clearance of M. tuberculosis infection. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate immune response have been reported to influence the susceptibility/resistance to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Here we evaluated associations between 14 polymorphisms in 12 core genes involved in immune responses and pulmonary TB in Moldavian population, and investigated whether interactions between these and previously analyzed polymorphisms could exist and modulate the risk of pulmonary TB. METHODS Polymorphisms VDR rs7975232, VDR rs1544410, VDR rs2228570, MR1 rs1052632, TLR1 rs5743618, TLR2 rs111200466, TLR10 rs11096957, SLC11A1 rs2276631, IL1B rs1143643, IL10 rs1800896, IFNG rs2430561, TNF rs1800629, IRAK1 rs1059703, and FOXP3 rs2232365 were genotyped in 271 Moldavian pulmonary TB cases and 251 community-matched healthy controls. Associations were tested using Fisher test and logistic regression. Complemented with the data from our previous study (PMID: 30529560), investigation of gene-gene interactions was performed for a total of 43 loci. Significance level was adjusted by the Bonferroni correction. RESULTS Single polymorphism analysis revealed a nominal association between TNF rs1800629 and pulmonary TB (Fisher exact test p-value = 0.01843). Marginal differences between cases and controls were observed for haplotypes in the gene cluster TLR1-TLR6-TLR10 and gene TLR2. In the pairwise interaction analysis, the combination of genotypes TLR6 rs5743810 GA and TLR10 rs11096957 GT was significantly associated with an increased genetic risk of pulmonary TB (OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.62–3.85; Fisher exact test p-value = 1.5 × 10− 5, significant after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION The TLR6 rs5743810 and TLR10 rs11096957 two-locus interaction confers a significantly higher risk for pulmonary TB and has potential as a novel biomarker for predicting TB susceptibility.

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HUBUNGAN KECEMASAN DENGAN KELANCARAN PENGELUARAN ASI PADA IBU POST PARTUM SELAMA DIRAWAT DI RUMAH SAKIT IBU DAN ANAK KASIH IBU MANADO

JURNAL KEPERAWATAN ◽

10.35790/jkp.v7i1.22901 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zulfikar Mardjun ◽

Grace Korompis ◽

Sefti Rompas

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Sampling Method ◽

Post Partum ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Postpartum Mothers ◽

The Relationship

Abstract : Smooth breastfeeding is influenced by several factors, one of which ispsychological factors, namely anxiety. In general, postpartum mothers often experiencefatigue and mood swings such as anxiety; about themselves and about their new-born baby.This anxiety can affect the smoothness of breastfeeding in post partum mothers. The purposeof this study was to determine the relationship between anxiety and smooth release of breastmilk in post partum mothers while being treated at Mother and Baby Hospital, Kasih IbuManado. The method of this research uses cross sectional research design. The sampleconsisted of 68 respondents with a non probability sampling method with a purposivesampling technique. The results using the Chi-Square did not fulfill the requirements thuscontinued with the Fisher Exact test at the significance level of 95%, obtained by the value ρ -Value 0.001 smaller than the significant value of 0.05. In conclusion, there is a relationshipbetween anxiety and the smooth releasee of breast milk in post partum mothers while beingtreated at Kasih Ibu Hospital.Keywords : Anxiety, Smooth Release of Breast MilkAbstrak : Kelancaran pengeluaran ASI dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satunyafaktor psikologis yaitu kecemasan. Pada umumnya ibu pasca persalinan sering mengalamikelelahan dan perubahan mood seperti kecemasan, cemas terhadap dirinya dan cemasmemikirkan bayinya. Kecemasan tersebut yang dapat mempengaruhi kelancara pengeluaranASI pada ibu post partum. Tujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara kecemasan dengankelancaran pengeluaran air susu ibu pada ibu post partum selama dirawat di Rumah Sakit Ibudan Anak Kasih Ibu Manado. Metode menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional.Sampel terdiri dari 68 responden dengan metode pengambilan sampelsecara non probabilitysampling dengan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil dengan menggunakan uji Chi – Squaretetapi tidak memenuhi syarat dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Fisher Exact pada tingkatkemaknaan 95%, didapatkan nilai ρ – Value 0,001 lebih kecil dari nilai signifikan 0,05.Kesimpulan ada hubungan antara kecemasan dengan kelancaran pengeluaran air susu ibupada ibu post partum selama dirawat di Rumah Sakit Ibu dan Anak Kasih Ibu Manado.Kata Kunci : Kecemasan, Kelancaran Pengeluaran ASI

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Migraine as a risk factor associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Headache Medicine ◽

10.48208/headachemed.2014.7 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 33-38

Author(s):

Gabriel Braga Diégues Serva ◽

Leonardo Santos Calvacanti Guerra ◽

Vilneide Maria Santos Braga Diégues Serva ◽

Waldmiro Antônio Diégues Serva ◽

Marcela Patrícia Macêdo Belo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽

Significance Level ◽

Exact Test ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Hypertensive Disorders ◽

Pregnancy And Postpartum ◽

Hypertensive Disorders In Pregnancy

Objectives: To identify if the presence of migraine before pregnancy predisposes to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Methods: Observational study undertaken from a database of a follow-up study, composed of women consecutively assisted, at the first postnatal week, at IMIP. Its objective was to evaluate the course of migraine during pregnancy and postpartum in women with migraine before pregnancy. The Fisher exact test was used considering the significance level of less than 5%. Results: Of the 686 women, 38.8% were migraine sufferers before pregnancy. 14.3% referred hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The presence of migraine before pregnancy and to have been submitted to a cesarean section (p<0.001) were factors associated with the presence of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Conclusion: Migraine before pregnancy is an associated factor to hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. The diagnosis of migraine should always be taken into consideration during antenatal care, for the prevention of complications.

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