scholarly journals Respuesta de cinco leguminosas de cobertura a la fertilización fosfórica

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 293
Author(s):  
Robin Gómez Gómez ◽  
María Isabel González Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Legume Cover Crops ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
The University ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Legume cover crops are planted to control weed, to prevent soil erosion, and to increase nitrogen in soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response to phosphorus fertilization of the legumes Mucuna pruriens cv. cinza, Mucuna pruriens cv. preta, Crotalaria spectabilis, Vigna radiata, and Pueraria phaseoloides, during two seasons of the year. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the Agricultural Experiment Station Fabio Baudrit Moreno (EEAFBM, in Spanish), of the University of Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, from November 2012 to January 2013, and it was replicated from April to May 2013. Doses of 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg P2O5/ha were applied on steam sterilized soil, and then it was used to fill 2 kg capacity pots. The variables assessed were plant height, a number of true leaves, and dry weight 18-26 days after planting depending on legume species. Crotalaria spectabilis, V. radiata, and P. phaseoloides achieved the highest growth when fertilized at the rate of 60 kg P2O5/ha, whereas both M.prurienscultivars did not increase growth as a response to phosphoric fertilization. Due to the positive effect of phosphorus fertilization on growth of small-seeded legumes, it is important to validate the use of this fertilizer to achieve rapid soil cover, which could decrease weed competition.

scholarly journals Physical Properties of Soil and Glyphosate Residue as a Function of Cassava Weed Management by Cover Crops in the Amazon Ecosystem

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Daniel Oscar Pereira Soares ◽  
Karla Gabrielle Dutra Pinto ◽  
Laís Alves da Gama ◽  
Carla Coelho Ferreira ◽  
Prasanta C. Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Storage Roots ◽  
Brachiaria Ruziziensis ◽  
Cassava Production ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Cassava production in Amazonas state deserves to be highlighted due to its great historical, social, and economic importance. Weed competition severely constrains cassava production in Amazonas. The use of cover crops is safe and very efficient at eliminating weeds while keeping the soil covered. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties of soil and glyphosate residues in storage roots as a function of the weed management in cassava. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with five treatments and five repetitions. The treatments were biological control with two species of cover plants (Brachiaria ruziziensis and Mucuna pruriens), chemical control, mechanical control, and treatment with no weed control. The cover crops characteristics evaluated were dry weight, the percentage of cover, and rate of decomposition of plant residues. In the soil, the bulk density and total porosity were determined. The contamination of the storage roots was evaluated based on the analysis of glyphosate residue. Brachiaria ruziziensis presented more dry weight and higher percentage of cover compared with M. pruriens, and both cover crops showed very similar decomposition rates. The physical properties of soil were unaffected by any treatment evaluated. There was no detection of glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in any treatment evaluated. Chemical control with glyphosate is not able to contaminate cassava storage roots.

scholarly journals Cover crops and their effects on the biomass yield of Serjania marginata plants

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 614-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Maria do Carmo Vieira ◽  
Nestor Antonio Heredia Zárate ◽  
Luan Ramos da Silva ◽  
Wander Luiz Farias Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Tropical Legumes ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis ◽  
Plot Design

The use of cover crops can reduce or even eliminate the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, contributing to a more sustainable agriculture and ensuring the conservation of natural resources. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the use of cover crops to improve the biomass yield of Serjania marginata plants. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in Dourados-MS, from December 2009 to February 2011. A split plot design was used in a randomized block design with four replications, being evaluated in plots three species of tropical legumes (Stizolobium aterrimum, Crotalaria spectabilis and Canavalia ensiformes, and one control plot (without cover crops), and in subplots the addition or not of nitrogen (N) (at 150 days after transplant (DAT)). Plants of S. marginata in each subplot were harvested at 240 and 350 DAT. S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes showed higher accumulation of fresh (average of 37.61t ha-1) and dry (average of 6.39t ha-1) biomass of shoot in flowering, compared with the C. spectabilis (21.92 and 4.63t ha-1, respectively). The contribution of cover crops as a likely source of N only was observed for S. aterrimum and C. ensiforme, which promoted an increase in chlorophyll index, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stem of S. marginata plants, in absence of N. In leaves of S. marginata, only C. ensiformes contributed significantly to an increase in N levels, while an increase in K levels was observed with all cover crop treatments, when compared to control. Pre-cultivation with S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes provided an increase in P levels in leaves of S. marginata. Therefore, S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes were the most promising cover crops for growing of S. marginata, improving the biomass yield and probably the N economy.

scholarly journals Susceptibilidad de varias leguminosas de cobertura a los nematodos Meloidogyne incognita Y M. arenaria

2021 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Felipe Coto Umaña ◽  
Robin Gómez Gómez ◽  
Lorena Flores Chaves ◽  
María Isabel González Lutz
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Vigna Radiata ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Crotalaria Spectabilis

Introducción. Los cultivos de cobertura aportan múltiples beneficios al agroecosistema, como lo es la disminución de poblaciones de nematodos fitoparásitos, debido a su imposibilidad de reproducirse en plantas no susceptibles. La selección de una cobertura adecuada debe considerar la ausencia de reproducción de los nematodos, ya que coberturas moderadamente susceptibles podrían comprometer ciclos de cultivo posteriores. Objetivo. Determinar la susceptibilidad de las leguminosas de cobertura Crotalaria juncea L., Crotalaria spectabilis Roth, Vigna radiata (L.) R.Wilczek, Mucuna pruriens L. var. preta y Mucuna deeringiana (Bort) Merril a los nematodos Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood y M. arenaria (Neal) Chitwood. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron 2 experimentos simultáneos en un invernadero de la Universidad de Costa Rica, Alajuela, Costa Rica, de abril a setiembre del 2015. Las plantas de cobertura se inocularon con 3000 huevos y estados juveniles (J2) de ambas especies de nematodos por separado. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamen- te al azar. Resultados. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre plantas inoculadas y sin inocular, en las variables índice de masas de huevos (IMH), factor de reproducción (FR), peso seco de la parte aérea y peso fresco de raíces. Las poblaciones de M. incognita y M. arenaria disminuyeron en promedio un 71% y 19%, respectivamente, en V. radiata, y un 32% y 29%, respectivamente, en C. spectablis. No se observaron masas de huevos ni agallas en las raíces de las 2 especies de Mucuna ni en C. spectabilis. Vigna radiata y C. juncea presentaron masas de huevos, pero no superaron la categoría 1 según la escala utilizada (0-5). Conclusión. Todas las especies de leguminosas evaluadas en este estudio disminuyeron las poblaciones de nematodos inoculados, lo cual sugiere que el establecimiento de estas leguminosas de cobertura podría ser una estrategia viable para el manejo de poblaciones de Meloidogyne en campos agrícolas.

scholarly journals Fresh-market Tomato Gas Exchange, Biomass, and Fruit Yield are Similar with Legume Cover Crops or Synthetic Nitrogen Fertilizer

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.F. Whitehead ◽  
B.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
N Fertilizers ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Conventional production of tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) requires substantial investments, intensive management and high inputs of nitrogen. High N rates invariably leave residual soil NO3-N with the potential of polluting ground water and posing health hazard to humans and animals. The objective of this study was to examine the value of cover crops as a substitute to synthetic N fertilizer in growing of tomatoes. The experimental treatments consisted of control (no N fertilizer or cover crop), Abruzzi rye (Secale cereale L), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), or crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) cover crop, and fertilization of N at 90 or 180 kg·ha-1. The treatments were replicated four times over 2 years in a randomized complete block experiment for growing `Mountain Pride' tomato on a Greenville fine sandy loam soil. The parameters used to evaluate the performance of tomato consisted of leaf area index (LAI), gas exchange (GE), above ground plant dry weight, number of fruits, dry weight of fruits, and marketable fruit yield. Tomato LAI was similar under legumes and N fertilizers. Hairy vetch and applied N at 90 kg·ha-1 influenced net photosynthesis (Pn) and transpiration (E) the most in both years at all stages of growth. Highest number of tomatoes were produced in hairy vetch and applied N at 90 kg·ha-1 plots. There was no significant difference in the above ground plant dry weight, fruit yield and dry weight of fruits between legumes and N fertilizers. The results suggested that the legume cover crops compared favorably to N fertilizers in promoting tomato growth and development and may have potential of substituting N fertilizers in fresh-market tomato production.

scholarly journals Broccoli Production in Cowpea, Soybean, and Velvetbean Cover Crop Mulches

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard F. Harrison ◽  
D. Michael Jackson ◽  
Anthony P. Keinath ◽  
Paul C. Marino ◽  
Thomas Pullaro
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Conventional Production ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Annual Weeds ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Group Yield

Fall transplanted `Commander' broccoli (Brassica oleracea Botrytis group) yield in mulches formed from the residues of killed cowpea (Vigna unquiculata), soybean (Glycine max), and velvetbean (Mucuna pruriens) cover crops was compared to yield in conventional production on bare soil. Average aboveground biomass production was 6.9, 7.7, and 5.9 t·ha-1 (3.08, 3.43, and 2.63 tons/acre) and total nitrogen content of the aboveground tissues was 2.9%, 2.8%, and 2.7% of the dry weight for cowpea, soybean, and velvetbean, respectively. Within each cover crop mulch main plot, subplots received different nitrogen rates, [0, 84.1, or 168.1 kg·ha-1 (0, 75, or 150 lb/acre)]. For several nitrogen level × year comparisons, broccoli grown in mulched plots yielded higher than broccoli grown on bare soil plots. Cowpea and soybean mulches promoted broccoli growth more than velvetbean mulch. The mulches of all three species persisted through the growing season and suppressed annual weeds.

scholarly journals Use of nitrogen from fertilizer and cover crops by upland rice in an Oxisol under no-tillage in the Cerrado

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 728-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edson Cabral da Silva ◽  
Takashi Muraoka ◽  
Vinícius Ide Franzini ◽  
Karuppan Sakadevan ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of cover crops on the yield of upland rice (Oryza sativa) grown under no-tillage system, in the presence and absence of N fertilizer, as well as to quantify, in the field, the use efficiency of N from urea and cover crops by upland rice, through the 15N isotope dilution technique. The field experiment was carried out in the municipality of Selvíria, in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in an Oxisol (Rhodic Hapludox) in the Cerrado (Brazilian savanna) region. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with 15 treatments and four replicates, in a 5x3 factorial arrangement. The treatments were four cover crops (Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan, Mucuna pruriens, and Pennisetum glaucum) + spontaneous vegetation (fallow in off-season), combined with three forms of N fertilization: control treatment, without N fertilizer application; 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing; and 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing plus 60 kg ha-1 N as topdressing. Rice is not affected by N fertilizer application as topdressing, when legume cover crops are used. The use of legume cover crops provides higher grain yield and use of fertilizer-N by rice than that of millet or fallow. Legume cover crops promote an effect equivalent to that of the application of 60 kg ha-1 N as urea on rice yield.

scholarly journals Effect of N Source on Photosynthesis and Plant Dry Matter Yield of Tomato

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 518B-518
Author(s):  
Wayne F. Whitehead ◽  
Bharat P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Legume Cover Crops

The objective of this study was to determine if winter legume or grain cover could support net photosynthesis (Pn) and plant dry matter production comparable to recommended rate of synthetic N. The following winter/spring fertility treatments were applied: 1) 0 N winter/0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter/90 kg·ha–1 N spring, 3) 0 N winter/180 kg·ha–1 N spring, 4) 0 N winter+abruzi rye/0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch/0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover/0 N spring. `Mountain Pride' tomato was planted in all plots in spring. Plant dry weight and Pn were measured at flowering, fruiting and prior to senescence. The highest Pn (22.78 μmol CO2/m2 per s) and leaf dry weight (115.2 g/plant) were obtained at fruiting, while highest branch dry weight (194.5 g/plant) occurred prior to senescence. There was significant increase in plant dry weight during reproductive growth phase. Tomato plants receiving supplemental N from crimson clover or hairy vetch had Pn and plant dry weight comparable to those receiving synthetic N. The results of this study indicated that legume cover crops were as effective as commercial N fertilizer for supporting photosynthesis and vegetative growth of tomato.

scholarly journals Combining crop diversification practices can benefit cereal production in temperate climates

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Rodriguez ◽  
Linda-Maria Dimitrova Mårtensson ◽  
Erik Steen Jensen ◽  
Georg Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Crop Diversification ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Cereal Crop ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
N Acquisition ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Crop Sequence

AbstractDiversifying cropping systems by increasing the number of cash and cover crops in crop rotation plays an important role in improving resource use efficiency and in promoting synergy between ecosystem processes. The objective of this study was to understand how the combination of crop diversification practices influences the performance of arable crop sequences in terms of crop grain yield, crop and weed biomass, and nitrogen acquisition in a temperate climate. Two field experiments were carried out. The first was a 3-year crop sequence with cereal or grain legume as the first crops, with and without undersown forage legumes and forage legume-grass crops, followed by a cereal crop. The second experiment was a 2-year crop sequence with cereal or legume as the first crops, a legume cover crop, and a subsequent cereal crop. For the first time, crop diversification practices were combined to identify plant-plant interactions in spatial and temporal scales. The results partly confirm the positive effect of diversifying cereal-based cropping systems by including grain legumes and cover crops in the crop sequence. Legume cover crops had a positive effect on subsequent cereal grain yield in one of the experiments. Using faba beans as the first crop in the crop sequence had both a positive and no effect on crop biomass and N acquisition of the subsequent cereal. In cover crops composed of a forage legume-grass mixture, the grass biomass and N acquisition were consistently increased after the grain legume, compared to the cereal-preceding crop. However, differences in the proportion of legume to grass in mixture did not influence crop yield or N acquisition in the subsequent cereal. In conclusion, these results support that increased crop diversity across spatial and temporal scales can contribute to resource-efficient production and enhance the delivery of services, contributing to more sustainable cropping systems.

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