Cover crops and their effects on the biomass yield of Serjania marginata plants

The use of cover crops can reduce or even eliminate the use of nitrogenous fertilizers, contributing to a more sustainable agriculture and ensuring the conservation of natural resources. Thus, the aim of this research was to evaluate the use of cover crops to improve the biomass yield of Serjania marginata plants. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in Dourados-MS, from December 2009 to February 2011. A split plot design was used in a randomized block design with four replications, being evaluated in plots three species of tropical legumes (Stizolobium aterrimum, Crotalaria spectabilis and Canavalia ensiformes, and one control plot (without cover crops), and in subplots the addition or not of nitrogen (N) (at 150 days after transplant (DAT)). Plants of S. marginata in each subplot were harvested at 240 and 350 DAT. S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes showed higher accumulation of fresh (average of 37.61t ha-1) and dry (average of 6.39t ha-1) biomass of shoot in flowering, compared with the C. spectabilis (21.92 and 4.63t ha-1, respectively). The contribution of cover crops as a likely source of N only was observed for S. aterrimum and C. ensiforme, which promoted an increase in chlorophyll index, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and stem of S. marginata plants, in absence of N. In leaves of S. marginata, only C. ensiformes contributed significantly to an increase in N levels, while an increase in K levels was observed with all cover crop treatments, when compared to control. Pre-cultivation with S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes provided an increase in P levels in leaves of S. marginata. Therefore, S. aterrimum and C. ensiformes were the most promising cover crops for growing of S. marginata, improving the biomass yield and probably the N economy.

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Corn and soybean yields as affected by cover crops and herbicide timing under no-tillage system

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000400020 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 939-946

Author(s):

P. Oliveira ◽

A.S. Nascente ◽

J. Kluthcouski ◽

T.A.P. Castro

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Common Bean ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

No Tillage ◽

Brachiaria Brizantha ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System

To achieve better results in the no-tillage system (NTS), it is important to properly manage the cover crop prior to planting by using herbicides, usually glyphosate. The effect of glyphosate on plant coverage is slow, and plants take a few days to die completely. Thus, when applying the herbicide on the same day of planting soybean or corn, cover crops are still alive and standing, causing initial shading on seedlings of the crop and delaying its establishment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of distinct cover crops and their timing of desiccation prior to planting soybean or corn, on crop yield and yield components. Two experiments were installed, one for soybean and another for corn. Each experiment consisted in combining three cover crops (Brachiaria brizantha, common bean or millet) chemically desiccated at two timings before planting the crop (15 or 0 days before planting) under no-tillage system (NTS). Experiments were installed in a completely randomized block design with five replications. Brachiaria brizantha produced the highest amount of biomass; common bean and millet as cover crops allowed higher soybean grain yields; herbicide application under common bean, millet and Brachiaria brizantha 15 days before planting soybean allowed higher crop grain yields; desiccation timing of common bean did not affect corn grain yield; Brachiaria brizantha should be desiccated 15 days before planting corn to allow maximum grain yield; when millet was used as a cover crop, glyphosate application at planting of corn allowed the highest grain yield.

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WEEDS IN SOYBEAN CULTIVATION WITH DIFFERENT PREDECESSOR COVER CROPS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v8i2.5890 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. e5890

Author(s):

Pedro Henrique Gomes Pinto ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

Maria Gabriela Oliveira Andrade ◽

Lucymara Merquides Contardi ◽

Jorgiani Ávila ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Bank ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Block Design ◽

Weed Species ◽

No Till ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Crop Development ◽

Raphanus Sativus L ◽

Fodder Radish

The competition between soybean and weeds affects crop development due to reduced resources such as water, light, and nutrients, leading to yield losses. Thus, the study aimed to evaluate quantitatively and qualitatively, through phytosociology and seed bank, the weed presence in a soybean cultivation area with different predecessor cover crops. The experiment was installed under no-till system conditions using a randomized block design with nine treatments and three replications. The treatments were composed of the following cover crops, sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca), millet (Pennisetum americanum), Urochloa ruziziensis, U. brizantha cv. Piatã, fodder radish (Raphanus sativus L.), U. brizantha cv. Xaraés, millet + fodder radish, and fallow. The soybean crop was established on the cover crops in the 2019/20 harvest. Soybean characteristics, the seed bank, and weed phytosociology were evaluated. The highest soybean yield was obtained with U. ruziziensis as predecessor cover crop, reaching 4530 kg ha-1. It was concluded that the following cover crops, sorghum, crotalaria, and millet, were the ones that most suppressed the soil weed seed bank. Contrarily, the fallow provided the greatest viable seed number. The weed species Eleusine indica, Digitaria insularis, and Cenchrus echinatus had higher phytosociological values in all treatments.

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Efektifitas Pemberian Stimulant Better dan Waktu Sadap Terhadap Produksi Lateks Tanaman Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell Arg

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i2.433 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Engelbertus Huvat ◽

Akhmad Sopian ◽

Tutik Nugrahini ◽

Zainudin Zainudin

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Production Potential ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Wet Weight ◽

High Doses ◽

The Right ◽

Latex Production ◽

Plot Design

The factors that influence rubber production are planted clones, plant care and tapping techniques. With the right tapping technique, both tapping time, tapping method and mature tapping age, the production potential of a superior clone of rubber plants that has been well maintained can be maintained. The technique of rubber tapping is closely related to the expected level of production, even very determining the age of the tree economy. The research objective was to determine the effect of stimulant better and tapping time on latex production. The method used was a randomized block design with two-factor split plot design. The first factor (main plot) is the time of tapping consists of 3 levels, namely; w1: 05 in the morning, w2: 06 in the morning, w3: 07 in the morning. The second factor (sub-plot), namely the stimulant dosage better consists of 4 levels, namely; b0: control, b1; 0.5 g, b2; : 1 g, b3; 1.5 g. The results showed that stimulate better treatment had a significant effect on latex volume, wet weight and latex dry weight, but was not significant for latex dryness levels. Tapping time was not significant for latex yield, latex volume, wet weight, latex dry weight and highest dry rubber content at 7am. Stimulant Better treatment has a significant effect on latex volume, wet weight, and latex dry weight, but if given at high doses it will reduce the dry content of rubber. The interaction of treatment when tapping and stimulant is better not significant for latex production. The stimulant application better does not exceed the dose of 0.5 g / principal. Doses> 0.5 g / staple will have an impact on the dry tapping field.

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Cover crop management in the maize-wheat offseason

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.21.15.06.p3017 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 871-877

Author(s):

Lucas Link ◽

Luara Silva Pereira ◽

Vanderson Vieira Batista ◽

Karine Fuschter Oligini ◽

Erick Vinicius Pellizari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Pennisetum Glaucum ◽

Block Design ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Biomass Accumulation ◽

Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Herbicide Management ◽

Crotalaria Spectabilis

This research studied a suitable cover crop considering biomass accumulation and nutrient cycling and its herbicide management to be adopted in the maize-wheat offseason as well as its influence on wheat yield. Experiment was laid out as a randomized block design in a factorial scheme with five cover crops (Fagopyrum esculentum, Crotalaria juncea, Pennisetum glaucum, Urochloa brizantha and Crotalaria spectabilis at 2017/18 growing season and at 2018/19, Fagopyrum esculentum and Crotalaria spectabilis were switched for Dolichos lablab) and two herbicide management (Desiccation 17 days before and at the wheat Sowing day) with four replications. Fallow was used as a control. Fagopyrum esculentum showed the fastest cycle and can be recommended for shorter offseason periods (50 days). Pennisetum glaucum showed the highest biomass yield at both years, standing out as the best option for offseason periods of 70 to 80 days. Tradeoff between the additional biomass produced by millet and brachiaria between herbicide desiccation periods does not cover the wheat grain yield reduction, suggesting that its herbicide management should be anticipated. On the other hand, Crotalarias showed a linear increase in biomass along the periods without wheat yield effects and its herbicide dissection at the wheat sowing day is recommended

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Analisis Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kedelai yang Diberi Perlakuan dengan Ekstrak Sentang (Azadirachta excelsa (Jack)) dan Mindi (Melia azedarach L.)

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.163-169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 163-169

Author(s):

Rummi Azahra Gumilar ◽

Nurheni Wijayanto ◽

Arum Sekar Wulandari

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Agroforestry System ◽

Melia Azedarach ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Main Plot ◽

Growth Production ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Four Levels ◽

Plot Design

Allelopathy interaction can occur between A. excelsa or M. azedarach with soybean plants which is planted as intercrops in agroforestry system. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of root, leaf, and twig ectracts of A. excelsa and M. azedarach on growth and production of soybean. This study was conducted in open fields using a split-split plot design inside randomized block design. The main plot was the plant species as extract materials consisted of Azadirachta excelsa and Melia Azedarach. The subplot was the part of the plant consisted of root, leaf, and twig. Sub-subplot was the concentration of the extract consisted of four levels, 0% (control), 1.25%, 2.5%, and 5%. Each treatment was repeated for 3 time. Result of this study showed that the root, leaf and twig extracts of A. excelsa and M. azedarach did not give significant effect to the height growth, dry weight, as well as soybean production. Key words: agroforestry, allelopathy, growth, production

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Microbiological Attributes and Performance of the Bacterial Community in Brazilian Cerrado Soil with Different Cover Crops

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158318 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8318

Author(s):

Sebastião Ferreira de Lima ◽

Vinicius Andrade Secco ◽

Cátia Aparecida Simon ◽

Antônio Marcos Miranda Silva ◽

Eduardo Pradi Vendruscolo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Community ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Brazilian Cerrado ◽

Basal Soil Respiration ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

And Performance

Soil microbiological indicators are essential tools to understand how the management with cover crops interferes in the activity and the soil microbial community. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate microbiological attributes and performance of the bacterial community in the soil of the Brazilian Cerrado with different cover crops. The experiment was performed in a randomized block design, evaluating seven cover crops, Sorghum bicolor, Crotalaria ochroleuca, Pennisetum americanum, Panicum miliaceum, Raphanus sativus, Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa ruziziensis, and a fallow area. Cover aerial biomass dry weight (CB), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal soil respiration (BR), metabolic quotient (qCO2), and abundance and structure of bacterial community based on the rrs 16S rRNA gene were evaluated. In the soil cultivated with S. bicolor there was the highest CB and MBC at the same time as there was less microbial activity (lower BR and qCO2). The structure of the bacterial community was more differentiated in soils cultivated with S. bicolor, P. americanum, and C. ochroleuca. The MBC was more associated with cover crops of the Urochloa genus, while BR was positively correlated with S. bicolor. Bacterial abundance was positively correlated with P. miliaceum.

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Agronomic performances of Pak Choi grown with different soil cover

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-053620150000200020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Márcia M Echer ◽

Graciela M Dalastra ◽

Tiago L Hachmann ◽

Elcio S Klosowski ◽

Vandeir F Guimarães

Keyword(s):

Soil Cover ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Production Traits ◽

Pak Choi ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Black Plastic ◽

Growing Conditions ◽

Set Up

An important aspect in the cultivation of vegetables is the quality of the product to be marketed, free from dirt and damage and the practice of mulching could be an option, but there is scarse information. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of mulching on the production traits of three cultivars of Pak Choi. The experiment was set up during March to May 2013 using a split plot randomized block design, with four replications. Soil cover treatments (white agrotextile, black agrotextile, black plastic, silver plastic, tifton straw and bare soil) were arranged in the plots, and three cultivars of Pak Choi (Green Pak Choi, White Pak Choi and Chingensai Natsu Shomi) in subplots. Height and diameter of shoots, number of leaves, fresh weight of the head and petiole, base diameter, dry weight of stem, petiole, and leaf were evaluated thirty-five days after transplantation. The total dry weight and leaf area were measured, and then we estimated the yield. There was a significant effect of soil cover and cultivar. In general, the cover with synthetic materials showed higher values on production of Pak Choi. The cultivar White Pak Choi was better adapted to the growing conditions, with an average yield of 57.78 t/ha.

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Evaluation of crisphead lettuce cultivars in different cover types by manova and discriminant analysis

Horticultura Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-05362013000300015 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (3) ◽

pp. 439-444

Author(s):

Izabela Regina C de Oliveira ◽

Marcelo T Rezende ◽

Carlos Tadeu dos S Dias ◽

Daniela de S Gomes ◽

Élberis P Botrel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Discriminant Analysis ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Polyethylene Film ◽

Standard Errors ◽

Multivariate Techniques ◽

Discriminant Analyses ◽

Plot Design

In many agricultural experiments the variables are biologically correlated and it is inappropriate to study them only under univariate analysis. Therefore, we evaluated commercial characteristics of crisphead lettuce cultivars and covers under a multivariate approach, using canonical discriminant analysis. We used a split plot design and we tested the cover crop, cultivar and interaction effects by using MANOVA (α= 5%). Means and its standard errors were obtained for average total weight, weight of the head, volume and density of plants. Canonical discriminant analyses were performed using PROC CANDISC procedure in SAS (SAS Institute, 2008) system. Canonical plots were obtained using JMP 9.0 (SAS Institute, 2010) linked to SAS database. With these plots it was possible to note the differences among factors levels. When polyethylene film was used as cover the plants had inferior commercial characteristics than plants in which cover crops were used. Thus, the cover with polyethylene film can be discouraged in the cultivation of crisphead lettuce, promoting environmental sustainability. We suggest these multivariate techniques in horticulture studies.

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Production and economic viability of banana managed with cover crops

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n12p1078-1082 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (12) ◽

pp. 1078-1082

Author(s):

Francisca E. L. Barbosa ◽

Claudivan F. de Lacerda ◽

Aiala V. Amorim ◽

Raimundo N. T. Costa ◽

José A. da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cover Crops ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Economic Viability ◽

Crop Evapotranspiration ◽

Pueraria Phaseoloides ◽

Banana Production ◽

Conventional Management ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Production Cycles

ABSTRACT This research aimed to evaluate the yield and economic viability of three crop cycles of the banana cv. ‘Prata Anã’ in association with perennial herbaceous legumes, natural vegetation, or compared with the conventional management. The research was conducted using a complete randomized block design with split-split plots and four replicates. The plots were formed by four irrigation depths: 50, 75, 100 and 125% of crop evapotranspiration, and the subplots by cover crops (Calopogonium muconoides, Pueraria phaseoloides, and natural cover without N addition) or no cover crops with addition of N fertilization (conventional management). The subsubplots were formed by the second, third and fourth banana production cycles. Yield and economic viability of the cultivation were estimated for a period of seven years. The conventional management promoted greater yield and economic viability in the cultivation of ‘Prata Anã’ banana, due to the N fertilization. Managements with leguminous cover crops were also economically viable, but they should be investigated in combination with N fertilization and compared with the conventional method.

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Effects of Some Cover Crops on Light Extinction and Weed Coverage in Sunflower Field

Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova ◽

10.2478/cerce-2014-0014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 29-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S. Hassannejad ◽

A.R. Mobli

Keyword(s):

Extinction Coefficient ◽

Cover Crops ◽

Cover Crop ◽

Agricultural Research ◽

Block Design ◽

Light Extinction ◽

Research Station ◽

Hairy Vetch ◽

Weed Species ◽

Weed Cover

Abstract In order to evaluate the effects of some cover crops on extinction coefficient and weed cover percentage in sunflower, a field experiment was conducted based on a randomized complete block design with nine treatments and three replicates at the Agricultural Research Station, Tabriz University of Iran, during growing season 2012-2013. Treatments were triticale, hairy vetch, rapeseed, triticale + hairy vetch, triticale + rapeseed, hairy vetch + rapeseed, application of trifluralin herbicide, and controls (weed infested and weed free without planting cover crop). Result indicated than once established, living mulches can rapidly occupy the open space between the rows of the main crop and use the light that would otherwise be available to weeds. In the all cover crops treatments, the light extinction coefficient was increased and weed cover percentage was reduced. Highest reduction in total weed species was observed in hairy vetch + rapeseed and triticale + rapeseed cover crop 61.92% and 61.43 %, respectively, compared to weed infested, so this treatment was better than trifluralin application. It concluded that cover crops could be considered as integrated strategies for weed sustainable management.

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