scholarly journals Costo de criar una ternera lechera de reemplazo desde el nacimiento al parto

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Elizondo-Salazar ◽  
Heber Ariel Solís-Chaves
Keyword(s):  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Pasture Fertilization ◽  
Electronic Spreadsheet ◽  
The University ◽  
Cleaning And Disinfection

Dairy heifers are the future of any dairy farm; however, before they begin to produce milk, they represent a very significant cost unknown by an important number of producers. The objective of the present study was to determine the economic cost associated with the rearing of dairy replacements. The study was carried out at the dairy cattle Alfredo Volio Mata Experiment Station of the University of Costa Rica, during the year 2016. A total of forty Jersey heifers were reared from birth to calving (twenty-five months) grouped into three age categories: 0-3 months, 3 to 16 months and 16 to 25 months. In order to determine the total costs within each category, detailed records of all the expenses incurred each day for each animal were kept in an electronic spreadsheet, considering all the activities involved and related to feeding, cleaning and disinfection, veterinary treatments, pasture fertilization, workforce, health management and maintenance, among others. It was determined that the total cost for raising a replacement heifer from birth to calving was ¢818 360.95 ($1473.62); representing a 25.17; 53.27 and 21.56% for the stage of birth to three months, three months to service, and service to calving, respectively. Of the total costs, 78.72% corresponded to feed and 6.82% to labor. Depending on milk production and net economic return from each liter of milk produced, the investment would be recovered beyond the second lactation.

scholarly journals Effect of grouping on behaviour of dairy heifers and cows in the transition period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Maria Soonberg ◽  
Marko Kass ◽  
Tanel Kaart ◽  
Rosie Barraclough ◽  
Marie J. Haskell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Nearest Neighbour ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Cubicle Housing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Right

Abstract Regrouping dairy cows is a common feature of dairy farm management. Cows are grouped based on lactation stage, age, milk yield and other factors. Regrouping cows during the dry period (from far-off area to close up area and from close up area to the main herd) brings new challenges. This is especially true for heifers who, after being confirmed gravid, may be grouped into a new pen with dried off cows. The aims of this study were to determine how grouping affects activity, nearest neighbour relationships and aggression, and how heifers’ acclimatization to a new group differs from cows. Therefore, the hypotheses were that regrouping cows has less of an effect on older cows compared to heifers, and cows' individuality affects acclimatization to a new group. Aggression data were recorded using a video camera that was directed at the feed bunk, and activity was recorded with activity monitors that were attached around the right hind leg. Synchrony and distance to nearest neighbour were recorded, as was the cows' location on the first 3 d from the day they returned to the main herd. Motion index, mean number of steps and number of lying bouts were significantly higher after calving compared to the week before calving and the difference was higher amongst heifers compared to cows (P < 0.001). Both cows and heifers lay down more in the strawyard compared to cubicle housing (P < 0.01) and cows were more aggressive than heifers in both housing systems (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). As hypothesized, heifers were more affected by regrouping and cows with more experience settled quicker to their new environment.

Ausfallanalyse von Werkzeugmaschinen*/A reliability analysis of machine tools - Total Cost of Ownership 2.0 in relation to the application

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (07-08) ◽  
pp. 507-510
Author(s):  
T. Stähr ◽  
G. Prof. Lanza
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Machine Tools ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Lifetime Prediction ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Cost Consideration ◽  
Total Cost Of Ownership ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Cost Of Ownership

Realitätsnahe Lebensdauerprognosen sind für eine ganzheitliche, betriebswirtschaftliche Kostenbetrachtung sehr wichtig. Wirtschaft und Forschung bemühen sich seit Langem, die Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) von Werkzeugmaschinen zu berücksichtigen. Eine Umfrage unter Herstellern und Betreibern von Werkzeugmaschinen analysiert Verbreitung, erwartete Potentiale sowie Hemmnisse von TCO-Betrachtungen. Anhand der Anforderungen der Branche wurde ein Modell mit Fokus auf der belastungsabhängigen Beschreibung des Ausfallverhaltens von Maschinen und Anlagen entwickelt, das in bestehende Standards eingebettet werden kann. &nbsp; A realistic lifetime prediction is highly valued in a holistic economic cost consideration. For years, industry and research have endeavored to consider the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of a machine tool. A survey of manufacturers and operators of machine tools analyzes distribution, expected potential and obstacles of TCO. Based on the identified requirements, a model that can be integrated into existing standards has been developed. It focuses on failure behavior of machines and plants, taking stresses into account.

Youngstock health: Effective disease prevention today ensuring tomorrow's profitable herd

Livestock ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (Sup2) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
David Barrett ◽  
Oliver Tilling ◽  
Ellie Button ◽  
Kat Hart ◽  
Fiona MacGillivray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Lung Damage ◽  
Poor Growth ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
New Science ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Dairy Bull

Foreword Proactive youngstock health management is critical not only to optimise animal welfare and production efficiency and profitability, but also to minimising the environmental impact of livestock production. The morbidity and mortality rates tolerated by some producers, and at times even accepted by their vets, are often far too high. Whether it is the loss of dairy bull calves, who may have little monetary value but nevertheless contribute to both the carbon footprint and other environmental impacts of a dairy if not utilised for food production, dairy heifers with the additional loss of the best genetics in the herd or a beef suckler calf representing the only product of the cow that year, we need to do all we can to prevent death and disease. Even where calves do not die, managing sick animals is costly in treatment and labour and antibiotic use in these animals to treat, and on some farms still to prevent disease, is very likely to contribute to antimicrobial resistance. The only logical conclusion that one can come to is that if cattle units are to remain viable and produce sustainable milk and meat, we need to redouble efforts to prevent disease. Sometimes we talk of new science, while at other times we find ourselves repeating ‘the same old message’. The need for adequate colostrum management is one such case, the messages may not be new but far too many calves still fail to receive enough maternally derived antibody, making the article in this supplement on colostrum vital reading. Don't assume you, or more importantly your clients, know everything there is to know about colostrum. After ensuring calves have received initial protection via maternal derived antibody from colostrum then we need to ensure they are protected from infections as they grow, particularly respiratory diseases. Despite having had good vaccines for over 20 years, their uptake in the national herd I believe is still suboptimal, far too many calves still receive antimicrobials, and poor growth rates are common due to chronic lung damage. Ellie Button explains well in her article ‘Calf disease: an immunological perspective’ the calf's innate and acquired immunity and describes how an understanding of the calf's developing immunity can be used to enhance disease prevention. Finally, Kat Hart and colleagues discuss communication and promoting behaviour change in ‘How to engage farmers in youngstock care: a clinical forum’, something that in the past we have often forgotten. It's not good enough for vets to understand the science and turn a blind eye to poor on farm practices, or to simply tell clients what to do and walk away expecting them to do as they have been told! We often need to motivate clients towards real lasting change, and to do that we all need to communicate better. Together the three articles in this supplement are a powerful combination, the challenge is to read them and then effect valuable changes on your clients’ farms.

Key issues in dairy herd health management

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
John Remnant ◽  
◽  
James Breen ◽  
Peter Down ◽  
Chris Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Herd Health ◽  
Health Target ◽  
Cow Health

Dairy herd health management benefits dairy farmers, the environment, dairy cows and citizens. It is an important part of modern dairy farm veterinary care. Dairy herd health management is assessing, monitoring and improving the health of dairy cows at a population level. Good herd health management takes a holistic approach and is ongoing and cyclical. All members of the dairy farm team and their advisors are involved, decisions are informed by data generated by the herd. These data may come from numerous sources. The data are processed and analysed to monitor cow health, target investigations and evaluate progress. To make lasting change on farms, advisors must communicate appropriately with farm managers to understand behaviour and motivate change. This chapter reviews these aspects of dairy herd health management, giving practical suggestions on how to get started, how to incorporate herd health management into business models and how to maintain momentum.

scholarly journals Report on the Canadian Journal of Mathematics (1956-1957)

1958 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
H. S. M. Coxeter ◽  
G. de B. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
The University

Finance. Grants to support the Journal were received as followsIn addition, 35,530 was received from subscriptions, advertising, reprints, etc. Total cost of printing (at the University of Totonto Press) was about 312,500, leaving, after other expenses, a balance of $5,700.

scholarly journals  Descriptive study of botulism in an Austrian dairy herd: a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kummel ◽  
R. Krametter-Froetscher ◽  
G. Six ◽  
R. Brunthaler ◽  
W. Baumgartner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Mouse Bioassay ◽  
Swallowing Difficulties ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
The University ◽  
Healthy Calf

An outbreak of botulism was suspected at an Austrian dairy farm in June 2010. Six Simmental cows, out of a herd of 29, were affected and showed the typical signs. The affected cows included either animals suffering from sudden recumbency and reduced tongue tone or others which developed paresis, which gradually led to recumbency. Most of the affected animals died. Two cases were submitted to the Clinic for Ruminants at the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna in order to clarify the cause of illness. The animals had reportedly been fed recently with silage possibly polluted by discarded cat carcasses spread onto the pasture used for the silage in question. The two referred cases both showed recumbency and swallowing difficulties. Both cows had to be euthanized. One of the two cows was in the late stage of pregnancy and a healthy calf could be delivered by Caesarean section. The outbreak of botulism was diagnosed clinically as well as by confirmation of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxins C and D by mouse bioassay. To the authors&rsquo; knowledge, this is the first report in which a live calf has been delivered out of a cow suffering from acute botulism. &nbsp;

Surgical Volume Affects Outcomes in Laryngectomy Procedures

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P84-84
Author(s):  
Brenda Mast ◽  
Guy J Petruzzelli ◽  
Tricia J Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Surgical Volume ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
The University ◽  
Smirnov Test

Objective To determine whether statistical differences occur in total cost, length of stay, ICU days, and surgical complications, depending on the volume of laryngectomy procedures performed. Methods Secondary laryngectomy data from 108 hospitals participating in the University Health System Consortium was examined. All laryngectomy surgical cases occurring from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2005, with an ICD-9 code of 30.3 or 30.4 were analyzed (N=4,551). The cases were divided into 3 categories based on the number of surgical laryngectomy cases performed by hospital. Those volume categories were high, as defined by organizations with 100–233 cases (n=1712); medium, between 60–99 cases (n=1353); and low, between 4–59 cases (n=1458). 4 dependent variables were examined including total cost, length of stay, ICU days, and complications. Results The 4 dependent variables were analyzed for normality by performing a Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. All 4 variables were non-normally distributed. A Kruskal-Wallis test was then performed on each variable to determine if a statistically significant difference appeared between the 3 volume categories. Each variable was found to have statistical significant differences between the groups, with the high volume hospitals having the lowest cost, shortest length of stay, shortest ICU days, and smallest complication rate. Conclusions This study showed that hospitals with higher surgeon volume for total laryngectomies had reduced total cost, length of stay, number of ICU days, and complication rate for their patients.

scholarly journals Detection of anthelmintic resistance in nematodes infecting dairy heifers in Puerto Rico

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Lorraine López-Soberal ◽  
Aníbal Ruiz-Lugo ◽  
Melvin Pagán-Morales ◽  
Esbal Jiménez-Cabán ◽  
Guillermo Ortiz-Colón
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Mcmaster Technique ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Integrated Methods

The efficacy of the anthelmintic albendazole (ALB), doramectin (DOR) and ivermectin (IVM) were evaluated in Holstein and Holstein crossbreed dairy heifers using the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT). Dairy heifers (n=420; ~6 months of age; BW = 149 ± 39.6 kg) were evaluated in 21 dairy farms. All heifers were required to be on pasture and not have been exposed to anthelmintic treatment for a minimum of 3 months. At each dairy farm, a priori, groups of at least 18 heifers were randomly divided to be treated with IVM, or DOR, or ALB following manufacturer's instructions. Fecal samples were collected directly from the rectum 7 days before anthelmintic treatment (d-7), at the time of the treatment (d0), and 14 days after treatment (d14). Only heifers that had an average FEC ³ 100 eggs per gram of feces (average of FEC from day d-7 and d0) were considered in the FECRT. The FECRT was determined by the modified McMaster technique. Of the three-anthelmintic used, ALB (n=142) proved to be the most effective (P < 0.0005) with an efficacy of 67.47% ± 8.43. The efficacy of DOR and IVM did not differ (P = 0.8713). While DOR (n = 130) exhibited a efficacy of 25.50% ± 18.00, IVM (n = 148) exhibited a efficacy of -8.13% ± 19.89 due to an increase in FEC after treatment. Dairy farmers should implement integrated methods of nematode control to preserve the effectiveness of currently available anthelmintics.

scholarly journals Design Development of a Coffee Maker using Design for Assembly Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4041-4047
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Design For Assembly ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Current Design ◽  
Manual Handling ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
The Cost

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the design of a coffee maker by using Boothroyd Dewhurst Method which this method is one of the Design for Assembly (DFA) methods. DFA method will help to simplify the assembly designs of the product that will leads to significant cost savings and less tine to produce a product. Main objective of DFA is to estimate the difficulty of assembly, eliminate unnecessary parts and assembly tooling and design products that are less costly to manufacture. The study will focus on analyzing the current design of coffee maker, reducing the number of parts, comparing the design efficiency and the cost between the current and improved design. The product is evaluated by using Manual Handling Table and Manual Insertion Table. The results of current design are used to make improvement to the coffee maker. Then, new design is made by eliminating or combining the old design so that total cost and time for assemble the coffe maker is reduced. Lastly, comparison is made between new and old design.

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