scholarly journals Diversity and foraging patterns of bees on flowers of Cucurbita pepo (Cucurbitaceae) in Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge A. Lobo ◽  
Yanil Bravo Méndez
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Foraging Patterns ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Bee Community

Introduction. The species and functional diversity of pollinators are important components for the reproduction of cultivated plants. More information is necessary about this diversity and its geographical variation in crops such as Cucurbita pepo, one of the most important crops in global agriculture. Objective. To describe the diversity and geographic variation of the community of bees that visit C. pepo crops in Costa Rica and their foraging s Introduction: The species and functional diversity of pollinators are important components for the reproduction of cultivated plants. More information is necessary about this diversity and its geographical variation in crops such as Cucurbita pepo, an important crop in global agriculture. Objective: To describe the taxonomic diversity, geographic variation and foraging patterns of the community of bees that visit C. pepo crops in Costa Rica. Methods: Squash fields were visited at 11 locations within three geographic regions of the country, where the groups of bees and their relative frequency were determined. Through video recordings, information was obtained on their behavior at two locations. Results: A minimum of 27 species belonging to 19 genera and 2 families of bees were found. Three species were dominant in 10 localities (Eucera limitaris, Apis mellifera and Trigona corvina). Altitude reduces bee diversity due to the dominance of Bombus ephipiatus in high regions. Two genera of halictids (Megalopta and Caenaugochlora) that are rarely reported in this crop were frequently observed. Trigona bees dominated among the flowers later in the morning, lacerating nectary holes to facilitate nectar collection. Conclusions: Squash fields in Costa Rica are visited by a highly diverse bee community, which may ensure pollination via complementarity in the face of spatial or seasonal changes in environmental conditions. chedule and intrafloral behavior. Methods. Squash fields were visited at 12 locations within three geographic regions of the country, where the groups of bees and their relative frequency were determined. Through video recordings, information was obtained on their behavior at two locations. Results. A minimum of 27 species belonging to 19 genera and 2 families of bees were found. Three species were dominant at many localities (Eucera limitaris, Apis mellifera and Trigona corvina). Altitude causes drastic changes in their diversity and composition. Two genera of halictids (Megalopta and Caenaugochlora) that are rarely reported in this crop were frequently observed. Trigona bees dominated among the flowers later in the morning. Conclusions. Squash fields in Costa Rica are visited by a highly diverse bee community, which may ensure pollination via complementarity in the face of spatial or seasonal changes in environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Raoultella terrigena y Pectobacterium carotovorum en hortalizas en dos provincias de Costa Rica

2021 ◽  
pp. 178-195
Author(s):  
Diego Cubero-Agüero ◽  
Laura Brenes-Guillén ◽  
Daniela Vidaurre -Barahona ◽  
Lorena Uribe-Lorío
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Pectobacterium Carotovorum ◽  
Raoultella Terrigena

Introducción. La pudrición blanda en los cultivos es causada por un grupo de bacterias capaces de secretar enzimas que degradan la pectina de la pared celular de las plantas y ocasionan pérdidas económicas importantes en la agricultura a nivel mundial. En Costa Rica existe poca información acerca de la distribución, hospederos y diversidad genética de los agentes causales de esta enfermedad. Objetivo. Identificar la presencia de bacterias causantes de pudrición blanda en hortalizas de la zona de Cartago y Alajuela con análisis moleculares, enzimáticos y técnicas de patogenicidad. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre julio y octubre de 2017 en Cartago y Alajuela, Costa Rica. Se recolectaron plantas con síntomas de pudrición blanda en: chile dulce (Capcicum annum), hojas y bulbos de cebolla (Allium cepa), plantas de zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), frutos de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) y plantas de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Se realizaron aislamientos bacterianos en un medio selectivo de cristal violeta y pectato (CVP). Se efectuaron ensayos de reacción hipersensible (RH), los aislamientos se inocularon en hojas de chile dulce y se llevaron a cabo pruebas de patogenicidad (postulados de Koch) para las bacterias positivas. Los aislamientos se identificaron molecularmente mediante el gen ARN-Ribosomal 16S. Resultados. Se aislaron cinco bacterias con actividad pectinolítica: Pt1-A, 6-M2, Ech2A, CfspA y Cfsab. Según el análisis de patogenicidad, las cepas CfspA, Cfsab y Ech2A fueron causantes de pudrición blanda en chile. No se logró reproducir los síntomas en cebolla y papa. De acuerdo con la identificación molecular, las cepas CfspA y Cfsab se clasificaron dentro del clado de Pectobacterium carotovorum, mientras que Ech2A se clasificó como Raoultella terrigena. Conclusión. Las bacterias Raoultella terrigena y Pectobacterium carotovorum se consideraron los agentes causales de pudrición blanda del chile en las zonas de Cartago y Alajuela, respectivamente.

Costa Rica gridlock to compound Solis's unpopularity

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Fiscal Reform ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Face ◽  
Opposition Control

Subject Outlook for the Solis administration during the second half of its term. Significance President Luis Guillermo Solis is currently Latin America's least popular president, due largely to his perceived inability to legislate in the face of opposition obstruction. While economic performance has shown signs of strengthening over the course of this year, this has done little for the government's standing. Impacts Opposition control of key positions in the legislature will exacerbate government challenges. Uncertainty about fiscal reform will weigh heavily on the growth outlook. Low international oil prices will continue to act as a deflationary driver.

scholarly journals Perceived, Actual, and Seasonal Changes in the Shape of the Face, Hands and Legs.

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Motoko Murakami ◽  
Seiichi Arai ◽  
Yutaka Tochihara
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
The Face

scholarly journals A high-fidelity, virtual reality, transurethral resection of bladder tumor simulator: Validation as a tool for training

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Moore ◽  
Stewart Whalen ◽  
Neal Rowe ◽  
Jason Lee ◽  
Michael Ordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Transurethral Resection ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Bladder Tumor ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Key Steps

Introduction: Simulation-based training is used to help trainees learn surgical procedures in a safe environment. The objective of our study was to test the face, content, and construct validity of the transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) module built on the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator. Methods: Participants performed five standardized cases on the simulator. Domains of the simulator were evaluated on a five-point Likert scale to establish face and content validity. Construct validity was assessed through the simulator's built-in scoring metrics, as well as video recordings of the simulator screen and an anonymized view of participants' hands and feet, which were evaluated using an objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS) tool. Results: Ten experienced operators and 15 novices participated. Face validity was somewhat acceptable (mean realism 3.8/5±1.03 standard deviation [SD]; mean appearance 4.1/5±0.57), as was content validity, represented by simulation of key steps (mean 3.9±0.57). The simulator failed to achieve construct validity. There was no difference in mean simulator scores or OSATS scoring between experienced operators and novices. Novices significantly improved their mean simulator scores (305.9 vs. 332.4, p=0.006) and OSATS scoring (15.8 vs. 18.1, p=0.001), while 87% felt their confidence to perform TURBT improved. Overall, 92% of participants agreed that the simulator should be incorporated into residency training. Conclusions: Our study suggests a role for the TURBT module of the Simbionix TURP Mentor simulator as an introduction to TURBT for urology trainees. Strong support was found from both experienced operators and novices for its formal inclusion in resident education.

scholarly journals Seed Oil Biochemical Composition of Cultivated Cucurbita L. Species from the VIR Collections Grown in the Astrakhan Province of the Russian Federation

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Tatyana V. Shelenga ◽  
Tatyana M. Piskunova ◽  
Leonid L. Malyshev ◽  
Aimat A. Taipakova ◽  
Alla E. Solovyeva
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Cucurbita Pepo ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Multiple Factor Analysis ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Global Agriculture ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Multiple Factor

Cucurbita crops are among the most valuable and widely cultivated vegetable crops in global agriculture. Cucurbit seed oil meets the requirements of functional nutrition; it is material for the food industry and medicines based on natural ingredients. The present research was aimed at studying features of the biochemical composition of oil in seeds of the main cultivated Cucurbita L. species from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov Institute (VIR) grown in the conditions of the Astrakhan Experiment Station (AES) of VIR. The oil content in seeds of Cucurbita L. species varied from 40 to 49.7%. Over 80% of the fatty acids (FA) composition (FAC) was represented by oleic (13.6–49.6) and linoleic (33.5–69.3%) acids. The accessions of Cucurbita mixta Pang. were noted for high values of saturated FAs (palmitic and stearic), those of Cucurbita pepo var. melopepo (L.) Harz. of linoleic and linolenic, and those of Cucurbita pepo L. of oleic acid. The multiple factor analysis showed significant differences in FAC in accessions of C. pepo var. melopepo, Cucurbita maxima Duch. and C. pepo. The performed study allowed us to reveal FAC features in seeds of each Cucurbita species from the VIR collection and to identify the accessions with the best economically important indicators.

scholarly journals Cognitive Conflict in Technological Environment: Cognitive Process and Emotions through Intuitive Errors in Area, Perimeter and Volume

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Juhaina Awawdeh Shahbari
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Conflict ◽  
Loud Tone ◽  
Technological Environment ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Face ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Tone Of Voice ◽  
High Sound

This study was conducted among 28 seventh-grade students. They worked in groups in an activity with modeling features; the activity consisted of three tasks dealing with an intuitive error, namely, same A–same B. The data source was nine video recordings of three groups across the three activities. The results obtained from analyses of students’ discussions and interactions indicate that they moved through three central stages: the intuitive error stage, the revealing of the intuitive error connected with cognitive conflict and the stage of overcoming the intuitive errors. In each of the three stages in the three tasks, we identified similar emotion features among the three groups across the three tasks. In the intuitive error stage, the participants were characterized by confidence, comfort and enjoyment. In revealing the intuitive errors, we identified several indicators and signs of non-comfortable situations by revealing the errors in the three tasks, such as a high sound or sad tone of voice, physical movements such as moving closer to the computer screen and other physical indicators such as opening the mouth and putting a hand on the head or the face. After overcoming and understanding the sources of the errors, the participants showed confidence that was clear in their facial signs, joy and smiles, loud tone and eye contact between students and the teacher, or between students.

Building social capital for constructive adaptive capacity under social stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Yutong Wang ◽  
Pakon Ko ◽  
Nancy Law
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
Social Stress ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face

PurposeThis study examines how a school progressively built its social capital for agile adaptation to provide inclusive and effective fully online learning provisions through intentionally enhancing its architecture for learning.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a case study to examine how school A was able to respond rapidly and progressively to the demand for quality online learning provisions in the face of unanticipated school closure with an uncertain end date. Video recordings of online school sharing sessions, interviews and documents provided by the school constituted data sources for this study.FindingsIn creating a collective new norm for the implementation of online learning, a school needs to enhance both structural and cognitive aspects of its social capital. School A achieved this through intentional changes to its architecture for learning (i.e. organizational structure, interaction mechanisms, mediating artifacts and technology) when deliberating measures to deliver the changes under periods of serious social stress.Originality/valueAdaptive capacity is a core demand on the social capital of schools and organizations under the “new normal” when the future is unpredictable. This paper uncovers the connection between a school's architecture for learning and its adaptive capacity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Face Detection Algorithms for the Bank Client Identity Verification

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Szczodrak ◽  
Andrzej Czyżewski
Keyword(s):  
Face Detection ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
User Interaction ◽  
Identity Verification ◽  
Detection Algorithms ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Verification System ◽  
The Face ◽  
Usb Camera ◽  
Made In

Abstract Results of investigation of face detection algorithms efficiency in the banking client visual verification system are presented. The video recordings were made in real conditions met in three bank operating outlets employing a miniature industrial USB camera. The aim of the experiments was to check the practical usability of the face detection method in the biometric bank client verification system. The main assumption was to provide a simplified as much as possible user interaction with the application. Applied algorithms for face detection are described and achieved results of face detection in the real bank environment conditions are presented. Practical limitations of the application based on encountered problems are discussed.

scholarly journals Seasonal changes in platform use by adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes Vulpes)

1996 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Korhonen ◽  
Paavo Niemelä
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Farm Work ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Circadian Distribution ◽  
One Year

Seasonal changes in platform use (Wooden U-type platform, area 3090 cm2) were studied during one year in adult farmbred silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by daytime scan sampling observations and 24-h video recordings. Platform use was found to be lowest during the coldest part of the year (winter, late autumn) and highest in mid-summer (July). The seasonal pattern in platform use obtained by the scan samplings was in agreement with that obtained by video recordings. Platform use was sex-related being significantly (p < 0.001) higher in females than males. Circadian distribution of platform use was rather similar for both sexes. Hourly use was highest from 4 to 5 a.m. and lowest at about 8-9 a.m. when farm work started. Platforms were mostly used for sleeping and the least for jumping. The animals’ needs for rest, observation and seclusion required by the European Convention were met fairly well by the presently studied platform type. This is demonstrated by of its rather high amount of general use, and because it functioned appropriately as a place for observation and rest. Based on the present data, wooden U-type platforms can be recommended for practical farming purposes, particularly outside the winter period.

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