scholarly journals On the proper type designation for Camelina microcarpa, a wild relative and possible progenitor of the crop species C. sativa (Brassicaceae)

Candollea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei L. Mosyakin ◽  
Jordan R. Brock
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Species

Lectotypification of the name Chenopodium hircinum, a wild relative of the pseudocereal crop species C. quinoa (Chenopodiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN ◽  
IRINA V. SOKOLOVA
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Hand Specimen ◽  
Chenopodium Hircinum

The name Chenopodium hircinum (Chenopodiaceae) applicable to a South American tetraploid species is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LE (barcode LE00011694, right-hand specimen) that is associated with H.A. Schrader and his herbarium purchased for LE in 1841. A brief overview of relationships of the pseudocereal crop species C. quinoa withC. hircinum (considered to be a wild crop relative and/or progenitor) is also provided. Since the lectotype of C. hircinum in LE lacks mature fruits/seeds, which are important for morphology-based diagnostics of taxa of Chenopodium (and also of infraspecific taxa described within C. hircinum), designation of an epitype with well-developed fruits/seeds is desirable according to Art. 9.9 of the ICN. However, we argue that an epitype should be proposed later, after achieving a better understanding of the variability of C. hircinum and proper typification of its infraspecific taxa, because hasty epitypifications could be nomenclaturally confusing and disrupting. In our opinion, an epitype specimen for that taxon name should represent a plant corresponding to the lectotype and well characterized molecularly, genetically and morphologically.

scholarly journals Slime cells on the surface ofEragrostisseeds maintain a level of moisture around the grain to enhance germination

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kreitschitz ◽  
Zerihun Tadele ◽  
Edyta M. Gola
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Fruit Surface

AbstractEragrostisis a cosmopolitan genus of the familyPoaceae. Several wild species, includingE. pilosa(L.) Beauv., are harvested for food, but the only cultivated crop-species is tef [E. tef(Zucc.) Trotter]. Despite its importance as a staple food and its plasticity to diverse environmental conditions, little is known about the structural and physiological strategies that adapt tef seeds to endure diverse and variable moisture regimes. Here, we report the presence of slime cells, a type of modified epidermal cell, covering the fruit of tef and its wild relative,E. pilosa. The slime produced byEragrostisbelongs to the ‘true’ slime type, since it is exclusively composed of pectins. Pectin forms uniform layers on the cell wall inner surface, which are confined by a thin cellulose layer to prevent release into the cell lumen. In the presence of water, pectins quickly hydrate, causing swelling of the slime cells. This is followed by their detachment, which may be controlled by a thin cuticle layer on the fruit surface. The ability of slime to absorb and maintain moisture around the grain is thought to be an adaptive feature forEragrostisgrowing in dry habitats. This retention of water by slime may create conditions that are suitable for rapid germination.

Banking on Wild Relatives to Feed the World

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maywa Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Warming World

Crop wild relatives, the progenitors and kin of domesticated crop species, promise breeders a potent weapon against climate change. Having evolved outside the pampered environs of farms, wild relatives tend to be more rugged to survive temperature, salt, floods, and drought—all the extremes characteristic of a warming planet. But who will benefit from re-wilded crops? What kinds of agricultural systems will they tend to support? And can wild relatives be protected before they are lost under pavement, desertification, and expanding industrial farms? In this essay, I explore different visions of conservation and use for crop wild relatives. With CWR valued at an estimated $115–120 billion to the global economy annually, many researchers suggest ancient germplasm can be harnessed to feed billions in a warming world. Others look more closely at ancient customs and farmer knowledge that have long promoted conservation of wild species within and around cultivated landscapes. By intentionally planting crops at field borders, farmers also perform “in vivo” breeding. I conclude that wild relatives hold much potential to reinfuse diversity into eroded crop gene pools, providing greater systemic resilience. But unless we consider who controls seeds, intellectual property, and wild and agricultural lands, CWR innovations will only prop up an agriculture that ultimately undercuts crop and wild relative renewal.

scholarly journals QTL analysis of transgressive segregation in an interspecific tomato cross.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C deVicente ◽  
S D Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
F2 Population

Abstract Two accessions, representing the species Lycopersicon esculentum (cultivated tomato) and Lycopersicon pennellii (a wild relative), were evaluated for 11 quantitative traits and found to be significantly different for 10 of the traits. Transgressive segregation was observed for eight of the traits in a large interspecific F2 population. When restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were used as probes for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the traits, 74 significant QTL (LOD > 2) were detected. Thirty-six percent of those QTL had alleles with effects opposite to those predicted by the parental phenotypes. These QTL were directly related to the appearance of transgressive individuals in the F2 for those traits which showed transgressive segregation. However, the same types of QTL (with allelic effects opposite to those predicted by the parents) were also observed for traits that did not display transgressive segregation in the F2. One such trait was dry weight accumulation. When two overdominant QTL (detected in the F2) for this trait were backcrossed into the L. esculentum genetic background, transgressive individuals were recovered and their occurrence was associated with the two QTL demonstrating the potential for transgressive segregation for all characters and implicating overdominance as a second cause of transgressive segregation. Epistasis was not implicated in transgressive segregation in either the F2 or backcross generations. Results from this research not only reveal the basis of wide-cross transgressive segregation, but demonstrate that molecular markers can be used to identify QTL (from wild species) responsible for transgressive phenotypes and to selectively transfer them into crop species. This strategy might be used to improve many traits of economic importance including those for which wild species appear phenotypically inferior to their cultivated counterparts.

Improved Plant Diversity as a Strategy to Increase Available Soil Phosphorus

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Crusciol ◽  
João Rigon ◽  
Juliano Calonego ◽  
Rogério Soratto
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
P Availability ◽  
P Fractions ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Residue Decomposition ◽  
Available Soil Phosphorus ◽  
Crop Residue Decomposition

Some crop species could be used inside a cropping system as part of a strategy to increase soil P availability due to their capacity to recycle P and shift the equilibrium between soil P fractions to benefit the main crop. The release of P by crop residue decomposition, and mobilization and uptake of otherwise recalcitrant P are important mechanisms capable of increasing P availability and crop yields.

Effect of High Temperatures on the Postharvest Flowering of Specialty Floral Crop Species

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 447f-448
Author(s):  
Millie S. Williams ◽  
Terri Woods Starman ◽  
James E. Faust
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Consumer Satisfaction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Flower Number ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Mature Flower

Flower growers experience decreased consumer satisfaction with plant species that cease flowering during the summer. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the heat tolerance of four specialty floral crop species in order to predict their summer performance in the different climatalogical regions of the United States. The effect of increasing temperatures on the duration of postharvest flower development was determined for Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby', Brachycome hybrid `Ultra', and Sutera cordata `Snowflake'. Plants were grown in a 18 °C greenhouse until marketable with foliage covering the container and flowers distributed evenly across the plant canopy. Plants were then placed in a phytotron to determine their heat tolerance. Temperature set points of 18, 23, 28, and 33 °C were delivered serially at 2-week intervals, starting at 18 °C. Plants were then returned to 18 °C after the 33 °C treatment. Immature flower bud, mature flower bud, flower and senesced flower numbers were collected once per week. Sutera `Snowflake', and Brachycome `Ultra' had the greatest flower number at the 23 °C temperature, decreasing in the 28 °C environment. Argeranthemum `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' had greatest flower number at 28 °C, but flowers were smaller and of lower quality than at 23 °C. Flower development of all cultivars ceased at 33 °C, but when plants were returned to the 18 °C production greenhouse, flower development resumed. According to normal average daily temperatures in Knoxville, Tenn., Ageranthemum frutescens `Butterfly' and `Sugar Baby' would flower until mid-June, while Brachycome hybrid `Ultra' and Sutera cordata `Snowflake' would flower until mid-May.

Glycine canescens F. J. Herm., a Wild Relative of the Soybean 1

Crop Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 879-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Newell ◽  
T. Hymowitz
Keyword(s):  
Wild Relative
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