Lectotypification of the name Chenopodium hircinum, a wild relative of the pseudocereal crop species C. quinoa (Chenopodiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 432 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-198
Author(s):  
SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN ◽  
IRINA V. SOKOLOVA
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Hand Specimen ◽  
Chenopodium Hircinum

The name Chenopodium hircinum (Chenopodiaceae) applicable to a South American tetraploid species is lectotypified on a specimen deposited at LE (barcode LE00011694, right-hand specimen) that is associated with H.A. Schrader and his herbarium purchased for LE in 1841. A brief overview of relationships of the pseudocereal crop species C. quinoa withC. hircinum (considered to be a wild crop relative and/or progenitor) is also provided. Since the lectotype of C. hircinum in LE lacks mature fruits/seeds, which are important for morphology-based diagnostics of taxa of Chenopodium (and also of infraspecific taxa described within C. hircinum), designation of an epitype with well-developed fruits/seeds is desirable according to Art. 9.9 of the ICN. However, we argue that an epitype should be proposed later, after achieving a better understanding of the variability of C. hircinum and proper typification of its infraspecific taxa, because hasty epitypifications could be nomenclaturally confusing and disrupting. In our opinion, an epitype specimen for that taxon name should represent a plant corresponding to the lectotype and well characterized molecularly, genetically and morphologically.

Taxonomic status and typification of the neglected name Calamagrostis vinealis (Poaceae, Agrostidinae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 487 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
BEATA PASZKO
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Calamagrostis Epigejos ◽  
Hand Specimen

The unresolved name Calamagrostis vinealis Steudel (Poaceae, Agrostidinae) is lectotypified and its taxonomic identity is discussed based on the discovery of Baumgarten’s collection at the P herbarium (P02142817), based on which this name was assigned. This collection appears to be a mixed gathering of Calamagrostis epigejos (left-hand specimen) and C. arundinacea (right-hand specimen). Here, the left-hand specimen is designated and labeled as lectotype of the name Calamagrostis vinealis, and in consequence, C. vinealis is a later heterotypic synonym of C. epigejos.

scholarly journals Morphoagronomic genetic diversity in american wild rice species

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Ann Veasey ◽  
Edson Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Eliana Aparecida Schammass ◽  
Giancarlo Conde Xavier Oliveira ◽  
Akihiko Ando
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Rice ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
South American ◽  
Tetraploid Species ◽  
Wild Rice Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Multivariate Discriminant ◽  
Univariate Analyses ◽  
Oryza Glumaepatula

To characterize the genetic variability among species and populations of South American wild rice, eleven populations of Oryza glumaepatula, seven of O. grandiglumis, four of O. latifolia and one of O. alta, from Brazil and Argentina, were evaluated. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in completely randomized blocks with 23 treatments. Twenty morphoagronomic traits were assessed. Univariate analyses were performed with 16 quantitative traits with the partitioning of populations within species. Significant differences (p<0.001) between species were observed for all the traits as well as among populations within the species. The most variable was O. glumaepatula followed by O. latifolia. Multivariate discriminant canonical and cluster analyses confirmed the separation of the highly diverse O. glumaepatula populations from the tetraploid species, and the high genetic variation among O. latifolia populations. Morphological differences among the three tetraploid species seemed to be enough to ascribe them at least the condition of species in statu nascendi.

scholarly journals Synopsis of Schizanthus Ruiz & Pav. (Solanaceae), a genus endemic to the southern Andes

PhytoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 57-102
Author(s):  
Vanezza Morales-Fierro ◽  
Mélica Muñoz-Schick ◽  
Andrés Moreira-Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
New Taxa ◽  
Atacama Desert ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Herbarium Specimens ◽  
South American ◽  
Habitat Distribution ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Private Protected Areas ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
Key Characters

We present a taxonomic synopsis of the South American genus Schizanthus Ruiz &amp; Pav. (Solanaceae), within which we recognise seventeen taxa (14 species with three infraspecific taxa). The genus is mainly distributed in Chile between the coast of the Atacama Desert and the southern temperate forests, while two species occur in the Argentinian Provinces of Mendoza and Neuquén. This taxonomic treatment is based on the analysis of herbarium specimens from 30 different herbaria. For each accepted species we provide details of type specimens and synonymy, key characters, habitat, distribution information and presence in public or private protected areas. We also incorporate a list of representative localities from examined material. We here described three new taxa: Schizanthus porrigens Graham ex Hook. subsp. borealis V.Morales &amp; Muñoz-Schick, subsp. nov., Schizanthus carlomunozii V.Morales &amp; Muñoz-Schick, sp. nov. and its variety Schizanthus carlomunozii var. dilutimaculatus V.Morales &amp; Muñoz-Schick, var. nov., all of them from the coast of Coquimbo Region. We also recognise Schizanthus litoralis Phil. var. humilis (Lindl.) V.Morales &amp; Muñoz-Schick, comb. nov., as a new combination.

scholarly journals Slime cells on the surface ofEragrostisseeds maintain a level of moisture around the grain to enhance germination

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Kreitschitz ◽  
Zerihun Tadele ◽  
Edyta M. Gola
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
The Family ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Fruit Surface

AbstractEragrostisis a cosmopolitan genus of the familyPoaceae. Several wild species, includingE. pilosa(L.) Beauv., are harvested for food, but the only cultivated crop-species is tef [E. tef(Zucc.) Trotter]. Despite its importance as a staple food and its plasticity to diverse environmental conditions, little is known about the structural and physiological strategies that adapt tef seeds to endure diverse and variable moisture regimes. Here, we report the presence of slime cells, a type of modified epidermal cell, covering the fruit of tef and its wild relative,E. pilosa. The slime produced byEragrostisbelongs to the ‘true’ slime type, since it is exclusively composed of pectins. Pectin forms uniform layers on the cell wall inner surface, which are confined by a thin cellulose layer to prevent release into the cell lumen. In the presence of water, pectins quickly hydrate, causing swelling of the slime cells. This is followed by their detachment, which may be controlled by a thin cuticle layer on the fruit surface. The ability of slime to absorb and maintain moisture around the grain is thought to be an adaptive feature forEragrostisgrowing in dry habitats. This retention of water by slime may create conditions that are suitable for rapid germination.

scholarly journals NEOTECTÔNICA DA REGIÃO AMAZÔNICA: ASPECTOS TECTÔNICOS, GEOMORFOLÓGICOS E DEPOSICIONAIS

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Batista Sena Costa ◽  
Ruth Léa Bemerguy ◽  
Yociteru Hasui ◽  
Maurício da Silva Borges ◽  
Carlos Roberto Paranhos Ferreira Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
South American ◽  
Thrust Faults ◽  
South American Plate ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Right Hand

Several types of structures are observed in the Precambrian, Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks of theAmazon region, which represent the major features of the neotectonic framework developed since theMiocene. They controlled the sediment deposition of the Upper Tertiary and Quaternary, as well as haveinfluenced the development of the present landform patterns and drainage systems. Transpressive andtranstensive areas are recognized based on their nature and geometry, and related to two main episodes oftranscurrent displacement of Miocene/Pliocene and Upper Pleistocene /Recent ages. Sets of E-W, ENEWSWand NE-SW right-hand strike-slip faults are present in most of these areas. These sets are linked bynormal faults trending NW-SE and NNW-SSE, or by thrust faults trendig NE-SW and ENE-WSW,depending upon their geometry. Large areas with N-S trending younger normal faults are also observed.Earthquakes, the phenomenon of “fallen lands”, fluvial channels migration, hot springs, etc., are related toareas where some of these faults remain active. All these structures are related to an intraplate E-W righthandshear system induced by the rotation of South American Plate towards west.

Banking on Wild Relatives to Feed the World

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maywa Montenegro
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Farmer Knowledge ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Warming World

Crop wild relatives, the progenitors and kin of domesticated crop species, promise breeders a potent weapon against climate change. Having evolved outside the pampered environs of farms, wild relatives tend to be more rugged to survive temperature, salt, floods, and drought—all the extremes characteristic of a warming planet. But who will benefit from re-wilded crops? What kinds of agricultural systems will they tend to support? And can wild relatives be protected before they are lost under pavement, desertification, and expanding industrial farms? In this essay, I explore different visions of conservation and use for crop wild relatives. With CWR valued at an estimated $115–120 billion to the global economy annually, many researchers suggest ancient germplasm can be harnessed to feed billions in a warming world. Others look more closely at ancient customs and farmer knowledge that have long promoted conservation of wild species within and around cultivated landscapes. By intentionally planting crops at field borders, farmers also perform “in vivo” breeding. I conclude that wild relatives hold much potential to reinfuse diversity into eroded crop gene pools, providing greater systemic resilience. But unless we consider who controls seeds, intellectual property, and wild and agricultural lands, CWR innovations will only prop up an agriculture that ultimately undercuts crop and wild relative renewal.

scholarly journals QTL analysis of transgressive segregation in an interspecific tomato cross.

Genetics ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C deVicente ◽  
S D Tanksley
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Transgressive Segregation ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Wild Relative ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
F2 Population

Abstract Two accessions, representing the species Lycopersicon esculentum (cultivated tomato) and Lycopersicon pennellii (a wild relative), were evaluated for 11 quantitative traits and found to be significantly different for 10 of the traits. Transgressive segregation was observed for eight of the traits in a large interspecific F2 population. When restriction fragment length polymorphism markers were used as probes for the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying the traits, 74 significant QTL (LOD &gt; 2) were detected. Thirty-six percent of those QTL had alleles with effects opposite to those predicted by the parental phenotypes. These QTL were directly related to the appearance of transgressive individuals in the F2 for those traits which showed transgressive segregation. However, the same types of QTL (with allelic effects opposite to those predicted by the parents) were also observed for traits that did not display transgressive segregation in the F2. One such trait was dry weight accumulation. When two overdominant QTL (detected in the F2) for this trait were backcrossed into the L. esculentum genetic background, transgressive individuals were recovered and their occurrence was associated with the two QTL demonstrating the potential for transgressive segregation for all characters and implicating overdominance as a second cause of transgressive segregation. Epistasis was not implicated in transgressive segregation in either the F2 or backcross generations. Results from this research not only reveal the basis of wide-cross transgressive segregation, but demonstrate that molecular markers can be used to identify QTL (from wild species) responsible for transgressive phenotypes and to selectively transfer them into crop species. This strategy might be used to improve many traits of economic importance including those for which wild species appear phenotypically inferior to their cultivated counterparts.

Lectotypification of names associated with Chenopodium hircinum (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae sensu APG): C. bonariense Ten. and two varieties described by Aellen

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 443 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-120
Author(s):  
DUILIO IAMONICO ◽  
SERGEI L. MOSYAKIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Chenopodium Quinoa ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
South American ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Critical Revision ◽  
Correct Application ◽  
Chenopodium Hircinum ◽  
Infraspecific Taxonomy

The growing interest to the ancient South American pseudocereal crop quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow (1798: 1301), not only stimulated research on this species and its wild relatives (see Jellen et al. 2011, FAO & CIRAD 2015, Maughan et al. 2019, and references therein), but also spurred taxonomic and nomenclatural studies of these taxa, including issues of typification and/or conservation of their names (e.g., Lack & Fuentes 2013, Mosyakin & Walter 2018). The closest relatives of Chenopodium quinoa are grouped together with that species in a tetraploid (2n = 36) species complex containing such taxa as C. berlandieri Moquin-Tandon (1840: 23) sensu lato, and C. hircinum Schrader (1833: 2). Despite the growing attention to the crop and its relatives, the infraspecific taxonomy of C. quinoa remains problematic. A critical revision and proper typification of all available valid names published in that economically important group should be made to ensure the correct application of these names. The name C. hircinum was recently lectotypified by Mosyakin & Sokolova (2020), based on the specimen from LE (barcode LE00011694). However, some other names linked with C. quinoa and C. hircinum, in particular C. bonariense Tenore (1833: 13) and two varieties validated under C. hircinum by Aellen (1929), have not been typified yet and are investigated here as part of ongoing studies on the genus.

Editorial Note

1946 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-2
Keyword(s):  
Editorial Note ◽  
Speech Sounds ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Hand Column ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Infant Speech ◽  
The Right

In the article “Infant Speech Sounds and Intelligence” by Orvis C. Irwin and Han Piao Chen, in the December 1945 issue of the Journal, the paragraph which begins at the bottom of the left hand column on page 295 should have been placed immediately below the first paragraph at the top of the right hand column on page 296. To the authors we express our sincere apologies.

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