scholarly journals Bovine Herpesvirus Type 4: A Special Herpesvirus (Review Article)

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Egyed
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Coming Out ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of

This paper summarizes the history of and information on bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BoHV-4) from the first isolation to the most recent results. For almost twenty years BoHV-4 has been considered a typical herpes ‘orphan’ virus, which infects several species but causes no illness. The latest experiments revealed the close relationship of this virus with the immune system and other tissues. The virus was even considered as a possible candidate for a vector vaccine. BoHV-4 as a strange herpesvirus has several features which are not characteristic of other herpesviruses, such as several latency sites, persistence in serum, dividing cells necessary for virus replication, and the wide host range. In addition to describing the main features of the virion, replication, clinical signs, nomenclature problems, this review intends to concentrate on the new and strange results coming out from several laboratories worldwide. It is also suggested that because the virus combines several properties of various herpesvirus subfamilies and because of its close relationship with the immune system, it may deserve further attention as a representative of a potentially new genus within the Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily.

scholarly journals Experimental infection of rabbits with a recombinant bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) gI, gE and US9-negative

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 913-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D'Avila Silva ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Michel Roehe
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5 ◽  
Two Age Groups

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) is a major cause of viral meningoencephalitis in cattle. The expression of different viral proteins has been associated with BoHV-5 neuropathogenesis. Among these, gI, gE and US9 have been considered essential for the production of neurological disease in infected animals. To evaluate the role of gI, gE and US9 in neurovirulence, a recombinant from which the respective genes were deleted (BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9-) was constructed and inoculated in rabbits of two age groups (four and eight weeks-old). When the recombinant virus was inoculated through the paranasal sinuses of four weeks-old rabbits, neurological disease was observed and death was the outcome in 4 out of 13 (30.7 %) animals, whereas clinical signs and death were observed in 11/13 (84.6%) of rabbits infected with the parental virus. In eight weeks-old rabbits, the BoHV-5 gI-/gE-/US9- did not induce clinically apparent disease and could not be reactivated after dexamethasone administration, whereas wild type BoHV-5 caused disease in 55.5% of the animals and was reactivated. These findings reveal that the simultaneous deletion of gI, gE and US9 genes did reduce but did not completely abolish the neurovirulence of BoHV-5 in rabbits, indicating that other viral genes may also play a role in the induction of neurological disease.

scholarly journals Field evaluation of safety during gestation and horizontal spread of a recombinant differential bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) vaccine

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
Alessandra D. Silva ◽  
Helena Beatriz C. Ruthner Batista ◽  
Anna P. Oliveira ◽  
Evandro Winkelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Live Virus ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Horizontal Spread

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of respiratory, reproductive disease and abortion in cattle. Vaccination is widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections; however, vaccination of dams during pregnancy with modified live virus (MLV) vaccines has been occasionally associated to abortions. We have previously reported the development of a BoHV-1 recombinant virus, constructed with basis on a Brazilian BoHV-1 (Franco et al. 2002a) from which the gene coding for glycoprotein E (gE) was deleted (gE-) by genetic manipulation. Such recombinant has been previously evaluated in its potential as a differential vaccine (gE- vaccine) that allows differentiation between vaccinated and infected animals. Here, in the first part of the present study, the safety of the gE- vaccine during pregnancy was evaluated by the intramuscular inoculation of 10(7.4) tissue culture 50 % infective doses (TCID50) of the virus into 22 pregnant dams (14 BoHV-1 seronegative; 8 seropositive), at different stages of gestation. Other 15 pregnant dams were kept as non-vaccinated controls. No abortions, stillbirths or fetal abnormalities were seen after vaccination. Seroconversion was observed in both groups of previously seronegative vaccinated animals. In the second part of the study, the potential of the gE- vaccine virus to spread among beef cattle under field conditions was examined. Four heifers were inoculated intranasally with a larger amount (10(7,6) TCID50) of the gE- vaccine (to increase chances of transmission) and mixed with other sixteen animals at the same age and body condition, in the same grazing area, at a population density equal to the average cattle farming density within the region (one cattle head per 10,000 m²), for 180 days. All animals were monitored daily for clinical signs. Serum samples were collected on days 0, 30, 60 and 180 post-vaccination. Seroconversion was observed only in vaccinated heifers. These results indicate that, under the conditions of the present study, the gE- vaccine virus did not cause any noticeable harmful effect on pregnant dams and on its offspring and did not spread horizontally among cattle.

scholarly journals A Brazilian glycoprotein E-negative bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a) mutant is attenuated for cattle and induces protection against wild-type virus challenge

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Marcelo de Lima ◽  
Rudi Weiblen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Parental Virus ◽  
Wild Type Virus ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Virus Challenge ◽  
Herpesvirus Type

The authors previously reported the construction of a glycoprotein E-deleted (gE-) mutant of bovine herpesvirus type 1.2a (BHV-1.2a). This mutant, 265gE-, was designed as a vaccinal strain for differential vaccines, allowing the distinction between vaccinated and naturally infected cattle. In order to determine the safety and efficacy of this candidate vaccine virus, a group of calves was inoculated with 265gE-. The virus was detected in secretions of inoculated calves to lower titres and for a shorter period than the parental virus inoculated in control calves. Twenty one days after inoculation, the calves were challenged with the wild type parental virus. Only mild signs of infection were detected on vaccinated calves, whereas non-vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Six months after vaccination, both vaccinated and control groups were subjected to reactivation of potentially latent virus. The mutant 265gE- could not be reactivated from vaccinated calves. The clinical signs observed, following the reactivation of the parental virus, were again much milder on vaccinated than on non-vaccinated calves. Moreover, parental virus shedding was considerably reduced on vaccinated calves at reactivation. In view of its attenuation, immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge and reactivation with a virulent BHV-1, the mutant 265gE- was shown to be suitable for use as a BHV-1 differential vaccine virus.

scholarly journals Right-sided lateralization of skin temperature in healthy young persons

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Demirel ◽  
Arzu Bahar ◽  
Nurcan Gokgoz ◽  
Muzeyyen Arslan ◽  
Senol Dane
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Node Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Right ◽  
Relationship Of

Purpose: Previous studies reported a peripheral immune asymmetry and lateralization of different paired organ cancers. Because of the close relationship of immune system with body temperature, the aim of the study was to test the possible lateralization of skin temperature. Materials and Methods: Four hundred sixty three healthy subjects (325 women, 138 men) with an average age of 23.62 years (SD = 8.65) participated in this study. All skin temperature measurements were done 8:00-9:00 a.m. Skin temperature was assessed for three different points in skin: axillary, thumb and external auditory. Results: Skin temperature was statistically significantly higher on the right side of the body than on the left side, when measured by axillary and thumb temperatures. But there was no statistically significant difference in external auditory temperature. Conclusion: The asymmetry of skin temperature may result from the peripheral immune asymmetry or the asymmetric lymph node distribution.

scholarly journals Evgeniy Dobrzhinsky (1864-1938). The Outstanding Talent of Librarian

2014 ◽  
pp. 68-75
Author(s):  
E. V. Dementieva ◽  
A. Yu. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Active Member ◽  
Crucial Point ◽  
Library Education ◽  
Library Community ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Universal Decimal Classification ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Decimal Classification

E.N. Dobrzhinsky (1864-938) stood at the origins of library education in Russia; he developed the system of implementation of the Universal Decimal Classification in the library practice, and he was an active member of the First All-Russian Congress of Libraries. Numerous works of E.N. Dobrzhinsky on establishing the librarianship for a long time were the main guidance for the majority of library institutions in our country. There are considered the circumstances contributed to discover the talents of one of the brightest representatives of the library community at the crucial point in the Russian history. On January 21 we celebrate the 150th anniversary of the birth of E.N. Dobrzhinsky. The article shows the close relationship of the life of the first director of the Fundamental Library of the St. Petersburg State Polytechnic Institute with the history of this institution (nowadays - St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University).

scholarly journals Efficacy of a gE-deleted, bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) inactivated vaccine

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 545-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra D. Silva ◽  
Paulo A. Esteves ◽  
Diogenes Dezen ◽  
Anna P. Oliveira ◽  
Fernando R. Spilki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Glycoprotein E ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1

Bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) is recognized as a major cause of economic losses in cattle. Vaccination has been widely applied to minimize losses induced by BoHV-1 infections. We have previously reported the development of a differential BoHV-1 vaccine, based on a recombinant glycoprotein E (gE)-deleted virus (265gE-). In present paper the efficacy of such recombinant was evaluated as an inactivated vaccine. Five BoHV-1 seronegative calves were vaccinated intramuscularly on day 0 and boostered 30 days later with an inactivated, oil adjuvanted vaccine containing an antigenic mass equivalent to 10(7.0) fifty per cent cell culture infectious doses (CCID50) of 265gE-. Three calves were kept as non vaccinated controls. On day 60 post vaccination both vaccinated and controls were challenged with the virulent parental strain. No clinical signs or adverse effects were seen after or during vaccination. After challenge, 2/5 vaccinated calves showed mild clinical signs of infection, whereas all non vaccinated controls displayed intense rhinotracheitis and shed virus for longer and to higher titres than vaccinated calves. Serological responses were detected in all vaccinated animals after the second dose of vaccine, but not on control calves. Following corticosteroid administration in attempting to induce reactivation of the latent infection, no clinical signs were observed in vaccinated calves, whereas non vaccinated controls showed clinical signs of respiratory disease. In view of its immunogenicity and protective effect upon challenge with a virulent BoHV-1, the oil adjuvanted preparation with the inactivated 265gE- recombinant was shown to be suitable for use as a vaccine.

scholarly journals Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a)

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Rosado Spilki ◽  
Paulo Augusto Esteves ◽  
Marcelo de Lima ◽  
Ana Cláudia Franco ◽  
Cláudio Chiminazzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Restriction Enzyme Digestion ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Viral Genomes ◽  
Significant Difference

The study aimed to examine the capacity of two bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) isolates of different subtypes (EVI 123/96, BHV-1.1; SV265/98, BHV-1.2a) to induce respiratory disease in calves. These two isolates are representative of the BHV-1 subtypes prevalent in Brazil. Viral subtypes were confirmed by monoclonal antibody analysis and by restriction enzyme digestion of viral genomes. The viruses were inoculated intranasally into seven 3 months old calves (four with BHV-1.1, three with BHV-1.2a). Three other calves of identical age and condition were kept as uninfected controls. In both groups of infected calves, the clinical signs observed were consistent with typical infectious bovine rhinothracheitis (IBR), including pyrexia, apathy, anorexia, nasal and ocular mucopurulent discharges, erosions on the nasal mucosa, conjunctivitis, lachrymation, redness of nasal mucosa, dyspnoea, coughing, tracheal stridor and enlargement of retropharingeal, submandibular and cervical lymphnodes. No significant differences were observed between the clinical scores attributed to both groups. Virus shedding in nasal and ocular secretions were also similar, apart from a significant difference in nasal virus shedding on day 1 to 3 post-inoculation, which was higher for BHV-1.1 than for BHV-1.2a. Following corticosteroid induced reactivation of the latent infection, recrudescence of clinical signs was also observed, with no significant differences on both groups. It was concluded that both subtypes BHV-1.1 and BHV-1.2a were able to induce clinically undistinguishable respiratory disease in calves, either subsequent to a primary infection or following reactivation.

Immunity to bovine herpesvirus 1: II. Adaptive immunity and vaccinology

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall L. Levings ◽  
James A. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Genetically Engineered ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

AbstractBovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) infection is widespread and causes a variety of diseases. Although similar in many respects to the human immune response to human herpesvirus 1, the differences in the bovine virus proteins, immune system components and strategies, physiology, and lifestyle mean the bovine immune response to BHV-1 is unique. The innate immune system initially responds to infection, and primes a balanced adaptive immune response. Cell-mediated immunity, including cytotoxic T lymphocyte killing of infected cells, is critical to recovery from infection. Humoral immunity, including neutralizing antibody and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, is important to prevention or control of (re-)infection. BHV-1 immune evasion strategies include suppression of major histocompatibility complex presentation of viral antigen, helper T-cell killing, and latency. Immune suppression caused by the virus potentiates secondary infections and contributes to the costly bovine respiratory disease complex. Vaccination against BHV-1 is widely practiced. The many vaccines reported include replicating and non-replicating, conventional and genetically engineered, as well as marker and non-marker preparations. Current development focuses on delivery of major BHV-1 glycoproteins to elicit a balanced, protective immune response, while excluding serologic markers and virulence or other undesirable factors. In North America, vaccines are used to prevent or reduce clinical signs, whereas in some European Union countries marker vaccines have been employed in the eradication of BHV-1 disease.

scholarly journals Bovine herpesvirus type 1 in cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from naturally infected cows

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 676-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Penido Oliveira ◽  
Marcos Bryan Heinemann ◽  
Adriana Cortez ◽  
Paula Maria Pires do Nascimento ◽  
Romulo Cerqueira Leite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Follicular Fluid ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ◽  
Viral Dna ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 1 ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test

Abstract: The objective of this work was to investigate the presence of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) in follicular fluid and in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COC) recovered from naturally infected cows but with no clinical signs of the disease. Cows that were seropositive (n=38) or seronegative (n=8, control) to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis were selected after a serum neutralization test in microplates. The presence of the virus was investigated by PCR in COC and in follicular fluid. Viral DNA was not found in any of the samples. The obtained results suggest that serologically positive cows with no clinical signs of the disease offer negligible risk of transmitting BoHV-1 by COC or follicular fluid.

scholarly journals Co-infections with bovine herpesvirus type 5 and bovine viral diarrhoea virus

2006 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 699-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.R. Spilki ◽  
T.C. Silva ◽  
P.A. Esteves ◽  
M.B. Teixeira ◽  
H.B.C.R. Batista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Herpesvirus Type ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus Type 5

During a series of experiments attempting to reproduce clinically apparent bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) infections, a group of calves was inadvertently infected with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). Another group of calves was infected with BoHV-5 only. This paper reports the outcome of such infections. Two out of six calves solely infected with BoHV-5 displayed moderate to severe clinical signs. Three out of four calves of the group co-infected with BoHV-5 and BVDV developed severe clinical signs, two of them died. BoHV-5 virus was isolated to higher titres and for a longer period from the group of calves infected with both viruses. These results suggest that BVDV may enhance clinical signs induced by BoHV-5 and may also play a role in extending the period of BoHV-5 shedding.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document