scholarly journals Empirical study of spatial differentiation of youth unemployment in Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 507-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Blinova ◽  
Vladimir Markov ◽  
Viktor Rusanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Behavioural Response ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Interregional Differentiation

The purpose of the study is to conduct a statistical analysis and to perform a quantitative assessment of the degree and the dynamics of the interregional differences in youth unemployment in Russia between 2005 and 2013. We decompose the interregional differentiation into “within-group” and “between-group” differences. We also analyse the dynamics of the within-group and between-group differences and estimate their contribution to changes in the interregional differentiation of youth unemployment. Additionally, we estimate the degree and the dynamics of the interregional differences of the youth labour market in Russia in times of crisis and recovery growth. The results show a reduction in the interregional differences in unemployment rates between 2005 and 2008, while in 2009–2013, the interregional differentiation of the labour market increased. We found that the socio-economic effects of youth unemployment, as well as the behavioural response to economic shocks in the age groups of 15–19 and 20–29 years were significantly different.

Which countries perform best and why?

2018 ◽  
pp. 59-90
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
The Uk

This chapter examines countries' performance regarding youth unemployment. Although the labour market situation of young people has started to improve in a number of countries since the Great Recession of 2007–8, youth unemployment still remains very high across Europe. High youth unemployment rates reflect young people's difficulties in securing employment, or the inefficiency of the labour market. Germany and the Netherlands have established the most effective institutions to achieve a high integration of 15–19 year-olds in education and employment. Indeed, both Germany and the Netherlands are amongst the highest performing countries in the EU for making sure their young people are in employment. Austria and Denmark also achieve good youth labour market and employment outcomes. Meanwhile, countries like France and the UK try to facilitate school-to-work (STW) transitions by lowering labour costs through subsidies or low employment protection.

The Deterioration of the Spanish Youth Labour Market (1985–2015): An Interdisciplinary Case Study

Young ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 544-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Úbeda ◽  
M. Àngels Cabasés ◽  
Malena Sabaté ◽  
Tanja Strecker
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Job Insecurity ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
Youth Labour

The Spanish labour market is notorious for its high unemployment rate and its exceptionally high youth unemployment rate, job insecurity, impermanence and underemployment. This article presents a systematic analysis of the Spanish labour market’s deterioration process, in particular focusing on the youth labour market. It combines historic reviews with statistical analyses of data from official sources, like the Continuous Sample of Working Lives (CSWL), through different econometric models. The procedure consists of three steps: (a) first, a historical estimation to facilitate the systematic selection of the statistics, in this case contracts taken from a large sample of the Spanish workforce over the period 1985–2015; (b) econometric modelling of relevant indicators, in this case the average annual income, daily working hours and average length of contract; and (c) an analysis of the identified trends and conjuncture regarding precarious work and gender inequality.

scholarly journals From Controlling to Constructive: Youth Unemployment Policy in Australia and The Netherlands

2004 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANS MEIJERS ◽  
KITTY TE RIELE
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Labour Market Policy ◽  
Constructive Approach ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Policy

Youth unemployment is an issue that has increasingly troubled western countries since the 1970s. This paper provides data on youth unemployment in Australia and the Netherlands, and discusses government policy in both countries. The rate of youth unemployment was similar in both countries in the mid 1980s, but since then it has declined dramatically in the Netherlands, while changing little in Australia. Youth unemployment policy in Australia has been driven by the concept of obligation, while in the Netherlands youth unemployment policy has been organised around the principle of a guarantee for youth. The Dutch labour market programme offers more continuity and coherence than the rather ad hoc Australian programmes. However, the paper argues that youth labour market policy in both countries is of a controlling nature, and does not serve marginalised youth. Moreover, policy in neither country meets OECD criteria for effective labour market programs. The paper concludes with the description of a Dutch program which, to a large extent, does meet the OECD criteria, and demonstrates that a more constructive approach to youth unemployment is possible.

scholarly journals Measures to reduce unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-478
Author(s):  
T. I. Ovchinnikova ◽  
G. N. Strukov
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Pension System ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The State ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Infrastructure Development

The article considers socio-economic measures of reduction of unemployment. In today's economic conditions, the authors highlight the state of the labour market, characterized the level of market infrastructure development, deformity in workers ' income, level of qualification of university graduates, presence of "shadow" sector of labor market ; and also movement in the labour market: natural movement, change of pension system, high level of hidden unemployment, low wages, decline of production, migration processes. The structure of the employed by age groups is considered, the indicators characterizing both the state and the movement in the labor market are studied, the decrease in the number of workers associated with natural processes is shown (decrease of fertility and increase of the level of Population mortality). The example of one of the districts of Voronezh investigated Model determining the degree of economic efficiency of the population potential; MThe dress includes calculation of Pokazatelejpotenciala labour resources of youth unemployment indicators. It is proposed to include Further formation of the labour market and reduction of unemployment rate the following mechanisms: offshoring, increase of work experience, account of migration of population, control of outflowWorkers, released from different branches of the national economy, raising the level of skills of youth, which for the first time enters the labour force, increasing the feminization of the working population (women with young children), Employment of persons unemployed in the economy, control over labour bodies and other methods of attracting temporarily unemployed population. It is proposed to expand the capacity of the labour and employment bodies not only to assess the prospects of inclusion of their work, but also to work on identifying and registering hidden Bezraboticyipo stimulating measures to reduce unemployment.

Minimum wages, training wages and youth employment

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (1/2/3) ◽  
pp. 415-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mangan ◽  
John Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Age Discrimination ◽  
Young Workers ◽  
Barriers To Entry ◽  
Australian Government ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Job Offers ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Relationship

High rates of youth unemployment, worldwide, have led governments to advocate a range of policies designed to increase job offers to young workers. For example, the Australian Government is currently introducing a system of “training wages” which will see effective youth wages set well below adult award wages for a designated training period. This policy is designed to simultaneously increase the human capital of young workers as well as help to overcome the initial barriers to entry into the labour market. However, youth‐specific wages have been criticized on the basis of age discrimination and on equity grounds. Also, some US data question the employment‐boosting potential of reduced minimum youth wages. In this paper recent international findings on the relationship between youth wages and employment are presented and compared with empirical tests of the relationship using labour market data for Australia as a whole as well as the State of Queensland. The results are used to examine the likely impact of the introduction of the training wage on the youth labour market in Australia and to provide further generalizations on the wider issue of employment and youth‐specific wages.

scholarly journals Creative Analysis of Innovation as a Catalizer of Socialization of Structural Change

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-365
Author(s):  
Viktoriia DRUZHYNINA ◽  
Yuliia VIEDIENINA ◽  
Lesia SAKUN ◽  
Ganna LIKHONOSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Multiple Approach ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Youth Labour

The multiple analysis of rate of dependency between innovative processes and structural labour market changes in the form of evolution in sector of employment was exposed in the article. It has been proved that the impact of innovations on the labour market can be considered, on the one hand, as a part of multi-factor socio-economic macro-, meso-, micro-level systems, which makes a direct or indirect impact on state of other elements of system and which is under its influence at this time; on the other hand, as an open, dynamic, flexible system, functioning of which leads to socio-economic resources development. The definition of labour market has been suggested as a system of socio-economic relations between workers, employers and society (organizations and institutes) for realization of ability to work, supporting social guarantees, approximation of parties’ interests of labour relations, state`s interests, legal control of terms of employment etc. The analysis of structural changes, which take place in the labour market of different levels administrative territorial state`s structure by means of innovations, covers the period 2012-2017. The impact of innovations on employment is associated with `creative destruction` where innovations, on the one hand, ruin current workplaces and, on the other hand, create new ones. Analysis has demonstrated that employment increasing and related structural improvements are determined by kind of incorporated innovations. Organizational innovations have more impact on size and structure of employment, than technological ones. The practical importance of the research involves developing of methodological and practical aspects of choosing multiple approach in relation to innovation analysis as a determinant of structural labour market changes. The originality of the research is reflected in the comprehensive creative analysis of innovations from the point of view of activation of the youth labour market in Ukraine. The key factors of the low level of involvement of young citizens in the country's economy and society are identified. The authors have suggested the prospects for the development of the youth labour market, the elimination of youth unemployment, which are conditioned by the peculiarities of the social condition and employment behaviour of young people. The need to study the experience of European countries is emphasized, where training in the working professions is well organized and the youth unemployment rate is the lowest in Europe. Distinctiveness. Conducted researches let to confirm attained results in relation to choosing implements for coping with current troubles and disproportions in society. Implementation of multiply approach of analysis and diagnostics of correlation of innovations and employment will make a direct impact on supporting living standards and progressive socio-economic state`s development. The monitoring of solidarity of actions of public communities, government agencies, enterprise structures will ensure attainment of active increasing of innovation technologies, high living standards level, that will offer some new opportunities for business environment in relation to labour productiveness maintaining method and equivalent income level from enterprise activity, will solve the unemployment and labour migration issues, create some new flexible forms of employment, increase the level of state`s competitiveness in global economy facilities. Key Words: creative analysing, diagnostics, employment of population, innovations, multiple approach

scholarly journals Youth employment and unemployment rates in Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2, special issue) ◽  
pp. 212-224
Author(s):  
Bashkim Bellaqa ◽  
Besim Gollopeni
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Market Instability

The main aim of this study is to analyse the employment and unemployment rates in the Western Balkans, looking particularly at youth (aged 18–24 years) unemployment in Kosovo. The results of the study show that unemployment in this age group is high and that labour market policies are also not appropriate. The empirical study was conducted during the pandemic (2020), but statistics for study needs were used from the period 2001–2019. It involved young people aged 18–24 and used data from various local and international institutions regarding the labour market for young people, labour market policy, etc. The study shows that in Kosovo, 48.7% of young people aged 18–24 are unemployed and that the most pronounced unemployment is among women. A significant proportion of the young population is unemployed (46.4%) and youth unemployment among females is higher (53.6%) compared to males (42.9%) (Kosovo Agency of Statistics, 2020b). Kosovo’s problem with youth unemployment is the result of poor economic development as well as inefficient labour market policies. The study recommends that policymakers develop sustainable and effective policies that will lead to stability in youth employment and improve the labour market performance. These policies should help organizations and businesses to increase the number of employees, but should also create long-term employment stability. Furthermore, a critical appraisal is necessary to avoid youth unemployment, instability in youth employment and labour market instability as a whole

The Youth Labour Market in South Africa

2021 ◽  
pp. 689-706
Author(s):  
Cecil Mlatsheni
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Unemployed Youth ◽  
Youth Labour

Unemployment has been a stubborn challenge in South Africa, with at least a quarter of the labour force unemployed for most of the past twenty-five years. For youth the transition from schooling to work has not been smooth, resulting in about half of youth wanting jobs not finding employment. This chapter begins by highlighting the key features of the youth labour market. The discussion then turns to reasons for the relatively high youth unemployment rate, such as insufficient number of jobs and spatial planning. An account of implemented policies and interventions to address youth unemployment is then given. The chapter makes the point that economic growth is key to reducing youth unemployment on a large scale but that there are various measures that have been found to be effective in relieving the plight of unemployed youth in South Africa.

Falling euro-area unemployment masks EU disparities

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Unemployment Insurance ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Market Trends ◽  
Term Labour

Subject Long-term labour market trends. Significance Since the second half of 2013, the euro-area economy has undergone a cyclical upturn in GDP growth which has prompted a steady decline in unemployment. However, unemployment rates in several countries remain well above pre-crisis levels and labour market disparities have widened across the bloc. Impacts Disparities will contribute to making common EU unemployment insurance very unlikely in the foreseeable future. Persistent high unemployment rates could fuel Euroscepticism and dissatisfaction with the political establishment, as seen in Italy. High youth unemployment in several member states is likely to encourage emigration.

Active labour market policies for young people and youth unemployment

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 1510-1534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Sonke Speckesser ◽  
Francisco Jose Gonzalez Carreras ◽  
Laura Kirchner Sala
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Member States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Youth Labour Market ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide quantitative estimates on the impact of active labour market policy (ALMP) on youth unemployment in Europe based on a macroeconomic panel data set of youth unemployment, ALMP and education policy variables and further country-specific characteristics on labour market institutions and the broader demographic and macroeconomic environment for all EU-Member States. Design/methodology/approach The authors follow the design of an aggregate impact analysis, which aims to explain the impact of policy on macroeconomic variables like youth employment and unemployment (see Bellmann and Jackman, 1996). This follows the assumption that programmes, which are effective in terms of improving individual employment opportunities, are going to make a difference on the equilibrium of youth unemployment. Findings The findings show that both wage subsidies and job creation are reducing aggregate youth unemployment, which is in contrast to some of the surveys of microeconomic studies indicating that job creation schemes are not effective. This finding points towards the importance to assist young people making valuable work experience, which is a benefit from job creation, even if this experience is made outside regular employment and/or the commercial sector. Research limitations/implications In terms of the variables to model public policy intervention in the youth labour market, only few indicators exist, which are consistently available for all EU-Member States, despite much more interest and research aiming to provide an exhaustive picture of the youth labour market in Europe. The only consistently available measures are spending on ALMP as a percentage of gross domestic product (in the different programmes) and participation stocks and entries by type of intervention. Practical implications The different effects found for the 15–19 year olds, who seem to benefit from wage subsidies, compared to the effect of job creations benefitting the 20–24 year olds, might relate to the different barriers for both groups to find employment. Job creation programmes seem to offer this group an alternative mechanism to gain valuable work experience outside the commercial sector, which could help form a narrative of positive labour market experience. In this way, job creation should be looked more positively at when further developing ALMP provision, especially for young people relatively more distant to engagement in regular employment. Social implications Improving the situation of many millions of young Europeans failing to find gainful employment, and more generally suffering from deprivation and social exclusion, has been identified as a clear priority for policy both at the national level of EU-Member States and for EU-wide initiatives. With this study, the authors attempt to contribute to the debate about the effectiveness of policies which combat youth unemployment by estimating the quantitative relationship of ALMP and other institutional features and youth unemployment. Originality/value To research the relationship between youth unemployment and ALMP, the authors created a macroeconomic database with repeated observations for all EU-Member States for a time series (1998–2012). The authors include variables on country demographics and the state of the economy as well as variables describing the labour market regimes from Eurostat, i.e. the flexibility of the labour market (part-time work and fixed-term employment as a percentage of total employment) and the wage setting system (level and coordination of bargaining and government intervention in wage bargaining).

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