Valuatio of Inequality in the Russian Federation and its Decomposition Using the Theil Index

The high level of interregional socio-economic inequality is one of the main problems of spatial development of the Russian Federation, which is enshrined in several state strategic planning documents. Such a situation requires constant monitoring of this inequality and the search for solutions to this problem. The article analyzes the current situation of interregional inequality in the Russian Federation according to a few key indicators of socio-economic development and assesses the dynamics of changes in inequality of the subjects of the Russian Federation in the period 2000–2019. In addition, the article decomposes interregional inequality using the Theil index and proves that differences between federal districts explain a relatively small part of interregional differentiation, while differences between regions within districts account for more than 80% of all regional variation.

The Standard of Living of the Russian Population: Features of the Dynamics of Interregional Differentiation

The results of the study of the dynamics of some of the main indicators of the standard of living of the population in the federal districts of Russia are presented. The relevance of the article is due to the need to improve the standard of living of the population, reduce the differentiation of socio-economic development of the federal districts of Russia. The purpose of the article is connected with the study and analysis of long-term trends reflecting certain indicators of the standard of living of the population. In the course of the study, the methods of analysis, comparative, regression, and correlation were used. The novelty of the results is determined by the identification of links between indicators and trends that reflect the standard of living of the population and the peculiarities of their inter-regional differentiation. This made it possible to identify groups of federal districts of Russia that have stable patterns of dynamics of indicators of the standard of living of the population. The hypothesis that regions that create large volumes of GRP are able to provide higher living standards of the population has been confirmed, which requires a balance of elements of the functioning of the socio-economic system and a certain perfection of the market mechanism.

Financial Behavior of the Russian Population: Regional Differences

The introductory part of the article specifies the aim and objectives of the study, reflecting some of the important outcomes of the interregional differentiation in the financial behavior of the population of individual Russian territories (in more detail – regions of the Far Eastern Federal District, FEFD).The main section of the article identifies interregional differences in the financial behavior of the population of the considered regions of the country, including the FEFD territories, based on statistical methodology and using official statistics. The authors conducted a comparative interregional analysis of the structure of consumer spending, average per capita deposits, and public debt on loans granted by credit institutions for the period 2018–2020. Specific statistics show that the FEFD regions are experiencing a negative trend of accelerating the debt of the population to credit institutions.The article concludes with outcomes of an interregional comparative analysis of the considered characteristics, reflecting the emerging negative trends in the financial behavior of the population, showing that parts of the eastern part of the country lag markedly behind the general trend in social and economic development.

Labor remuneration in modern conditions: all-Russian and regional contexts

Currently, the main problems in the field of remuneration include the low level of wages, low purchasing power of wages, the undervalued share of wages in the gross domestic product (GDP), unreasonably high differentiation between the highest paid and the least paid categories of staff, the presence of a significant interregional differentiation in the field of remuneration and a number of others. The presence of the above-mentioned problems hinders the modernization of production and innovative development of the economy. Without investing in human capital, human development and professional development, without improving the professionalism, qualification and intellectual level of the staff, it is impossible to achieve success. Increasing productivity and labor efficiency is one of the key conditions for boosting the financial capabilities of the enterprise, allowing to invest in new technologies.

THE STUDY OF INTER-REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S TERRITORIES

В статье рассматривается одна из ключевых проблем, создающих барьеры для обеспечения устойчивого социально-экономического развития регионов и страны в целом, выраженная в наличии существенных межтерриториальных диспропорций, которая является актуальной уже на протяжении длительного периода времени. В связи с этим целью исследования выступили изучение и анализ межрегиональной дифференциации в разрезе наиболее значимых показателей социально-экономического развития. С использованием методов сравнения, статистического и логического анализов в статье проведена рейтинговая оценка субъектов ЦФО РФ по обозначенным индикаторам. На основе анализируемых данных выявлено наличие существенных межтерриториальных дисбалансов, в том числе путем определения соответствующих коэффициентов вариации, осуществлено исследование их уровня и особенностей. Представленные табличные и графические материалы, а также выводы могут быть полезны при разработке эффективных мер на федеральном и региональном уровнях по нивелированию межтерриториальной дифференциации социально-экономического развития. The article examines one of the key problems, which has been relevant for a long period of time, that create barriers to ensuring sustainable socio- economic development of regions and the country as a whole, expressed in the presence of significant inter-territorial imbalances. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study and to analyze interregional differentiation in the context of the most essential indicators of socio-economic development. Using comparison methods, statistical and logical analyzes, the article investigates a rating assessment of the Russian Central Federal District’s subjects according to the selected indicators and reveals the presence of significant inter-territorial imbalances, including determining the corresponding coefficients of variation, and studying their level and characteristics. The presented tabular and graphic materials, as well as the conclusions can be useful in developing effective measures at the federal and regional levels to reduce the inter-territorial differentiation of socio-economic development.

Factors of interregional poverty differentiation: Absolute and deprivation approaches

Subject. This article examines the socio-demographic and economic factors of interregional differentiation of absolute poverty and material deprivation in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. Objectives. The article aims to analyze the changes in the poverty rate and identify socio-demographic and economic factors of interregional differentiation of poverty by income and material deprivation. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of correlation analysis, synthesis, and comparison. Results. The article reveals a persistent direct relationship between absolute poverty, the prevalence of material deprivation, and certain factors. Conclusions. Regional policies to reduce absolute and deprivation poverty should be based on understanding the various factors that cause poverty, and using effective aid tools.

Analysis of the Dynamics of Structural Processes in the Context of Ensuring Sustainable Development

The tendencies and the extent of structural changes in the economy of the regions of Ukraine in the context of ensuring its sustainable development are examined in the context of the types of economic activity in terms of gross value added (GVA) during 2011-2018. In particular, the rate of change in the share of the structural mass of the economy of the regions that occurred during this period is estimated; the dynamic processes that took place in the structure of the economy of Ukrainian regions are analyzed. The analysis of the mass of structural changes shows their insignificant scale and reduction of the share in the structure of gross value added of such types of economic activity as industry, construction and finance. The estimation of intensity of structural changes by an indicator of average rates of their change shows low and rather differentiated level of intensity of structural changes in the context of types of economic activity. During the analyzed period, the annual average rate of structural changes in Ukraine was 0.131. Based on the calculation of the rate of structural changes, it is proved that structural changes in the economy of Ukraine are quite slow and are characterized by significant interregional differentiation, and the lack of positive dynamics in increasing the speed of structural changes in education is the main obstacle to creating an innovation-oriented model of economic development and reorientation of the structure of the regional economy to the requirements of the post-industrial type to the established concepts and dominants of sustainable development in accordance with EU standards.

Comparative assessment of the level of financial and economic security of regions in the Volga Federal District: Studying the interregional differentiation

Subject. Economic security issues are recognized as the country's priority. The existence of interregional differentiation poses a risk to the achievement of national sustainable economic development goals. Objectives. The study aims to underpin the fundamental role of financial and economic security, being the key element of economic security in overcoming the inter-regional territorial imbalance. Methods. The study employs general scientific methods, including the methods of systems analysis, comparative analysis, logical, and deductive analysis. Results. I use the case of the Volga Federal District regions, to calculate indicators, characterizing the differentiation, based on the components of financial and economic security. For this purpose, I include the volume of gross regional product per capita, the amount of investment in fixed capital per capita, the number of employed in the economy, the income of consolidated budgets of the subjects of the Russian Federation, the retail turnover per capita, and the volume of fee-based services rendered to the population. The paper clarifies the concept of financial and economic security through the terminological analysis and highlighting various features. Conclusions. The analysis revealed uneven growth in security indicators and, as a result, threats to balanced sustainable development of the regional socio-economic system. A qualitatively new approach to economic policy is required. It should combine recent scientific and technological developments and efficient use of human potential.

INTERREGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF ACCOMMODATION PROPOSALS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE INTERNET BOOKING SYSTEM

Interregional differentiation of places of residence was analyzed, maps were compiled according to the data of the Booking.com service.