scholarly journals Monitoring of three Hoplocampa sawfly species in plum orchards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsolt Kárpáti ◽  
Csengele Bognár ◽  
Erzsébet Voigt ◽  
Miklós Tóth ◽  
Béla Péter Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Three sawfly species (Hoplocampa minuta, Hoplocampa flava, Hoplocampa fulviicornis) have been monitored in plum orchards during the flowering period in three consecutive years at three different locations in Hungary using chromotropic white sticky traps. Black and yellow sawflies (H. minuta and H. flava) are one of the most important pests in plum orchards, however plum-fruit sawfly (Hoplocampa fulvicornis) has not yet been documented from plum orchards in Hungary. In almost all locations and years, H. minuta was the most dominant species, except in Cegléd, 2014, where H. flava was the most abundant one. In terms of sex ratio, in all three species, more males than females were caught in the traps except in 2016 at Érd, where more H. flava females flew into the traps.

Sex-biased trap capture and odor-stimulated upwind flight in the field by Rhagoletis mendax (Diptera: Tephritidae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P.S. Kuenen ◽  
P.J. Silk
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Orientation Behavior ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
Rhagoletis Mendax ◽  
Wind Vane

The bluebeny maggot, Rhagoletis mendax Curran, is a primary insect pest of low bush blueberries, Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. (Ericaceae), in eastern Canada. Eggs are laid in ripening berries and mature larvae emerge from the berries to pupate in the soil. Adult flies can be controlled with insecticides (Wood et al. 1983) and (or) cultural control by bum or flail-mow pruning of bushes. Pruned plants do not bear fruit the season after pruning, and this rotation of fruit and nonfruit years is believed to reduce fly populations by limiting food availability (Lathrop 1952). Adult flies can be monitored by capture on yellow-panel sticky traps or red-sphere traps (Prokopy and Coli 1978; Wood et al. 1983; Neilson et al. 1984). In this study, we focused on the sex ratio of R. mendax flies captured on baited and unbaited yellow-panel sticky traps (Pheroco® AM traps) and on the orientation behavior of flies toward wind-vane traps.

Estimating the sex ratio of loggerhead turtle hatchlings at Mon Repos rookery (Australia) from nest temperatures

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuong The Chu ◽  
David T. Booth ◽  
Colin J. Limpus
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Loggerhead Turtle ◽  
Temperature Fluctuations ◽  
Daily Temperature ◽  
Nest Temperature ◽  
Emergence Success ◽  
Sand Temperature ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Equivalent Method

Sand temperatures and loggerhead turtle nest temperatures (Caretta caretta) at Mon Repos rookery (Australia) were monitored over the 2005–06 and 2006–07 nesting seasons and hatchling sex ratios of clutches were estimated using the Constant Temperature Equivalent method. Nest temperatures were positively correlated with the sand temperature and air temperature in both seasons. Both seasons produced a female-biased sex ratio, especially the 2005–06 season, when almost all hatchlings were predicted to be female. Hatch success rate was not affected by nest temperature and averaged 85%, but hot nests from 2005–06 had a reduced emergence success compared with other nests. Daily cyclic temperature fluctuations of 0.5–1.5°C were a feature of nests, with a tendency for greater daily amplitude in the 2005–06 season when the average daily temperature was hotter. These daily temperature fluctuations increased the constant temperature equivalent temperature by 0.1–0.5°C above mean nest temperature during the sex-determining period and resulted in an increased female bias in the estimated hatchling sex ratio.

Dynamics of an Exploited Population of Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 942-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Bell ◽  
Paul Handford ◽  
Carl Dietz
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Annual Rate ◽  
Multiple Regression Equation ◽  
Coregonus Clupeaformis ◽  
Lake Whitefish ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Key Words Population Dynamics

The life history of the exploited lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) population of Lesser Slave Lake, Alberta, is described. Mean age is high, having increased under continued exploitation during the last 30 yr. A method of estimating the population age structure is described. The apparent annual rate of survival of adult fish has fluctuated markedly, but on average seems to lie in the interval 0.40–0.50; the annual rate of natural survival is estimated to be 0.53. Juveniles survive better than adults. Rate of survival during the 1st yr of life was estimated to be about 0.0002. Maturity was late, the median age at first reproduction being 6–61/2 yr. The regressions of fecundity on age and length are described; length now contributes almost all the attributable variance to maturity and fecundity. The sex ratio fluctuates in time; this is caused by the fluctuations in age structure, since sex ratio varies with age. The relationship between sex ratio and age is used to calculate the relative rates of survival of male and female fish.These data are used to construct a life table and to compute population parameters. It is inferred that the ability of the population to respond to exploitation has been eroded during the last 30 yr. In some respects, the life history of the Lesser Slave Lake stock appears to be unusual.After about 30 yr of large-amplitude oscillation the whitefish population collapsed in 1965. This does not seem to have been caused by chronic overfishing. In the first place, the rate of fishing mortality is no more than moderate. Secondly, a multiple regression equation describing whitefish catch in 48 other Alberta lakes in which there has been no overall decline in catch successfully predicts the observed mean catch at Lesser Slave Lake. The oscillations in catch are claimed to reflect a limit cycle in the abundance of the whitefish, driven by a lagged relationship between a predator (the fishermen) and its prey (the whitefish). Whether or not this cycle was deterministically stable, such behavior will inevitably put the population in risk of extinction during troughs in the cycle. We suggest that current management policies may encourage the destabilization of whitefish populations, and we propose a remedy. Key words: population dynamics, population regulation, life history, exploitation, survival, fecundity, Coregonus clupeaformis

Species composition and distribution of thrips (Thysanoptera) in mango orchards of China

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-yu Chen ◽  
Yu-lin Gao ◽  
Dong-yin Han ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Fang-ping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Invasive Pest ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Scirtothrips Dorsalis ◽  
Thrips Species ◽  
Species Composition And Distribution ◽  
Production Areas

AbstractMango is an important tropical fruit, and thrips are important pests that have threatened mango yield and quality in recent years. It is important to determine the dominant species and distribution of thrips in mango for effective thrips control. In the present study, the species of thrips in mango flowers in the five main mango-producing provinces of China, and the species of thrips in different phenological stages of mango in Hainan Province were investigated. Thrips species on weeds in mango agroecosystems were also determined. The results indicated that in total there are 41 species of thrips in mango orchards in the five main mango-producing provinces of China, belonging to 21 genera, five subfamilies and three families. These are 31 species in 13 genera of Thripidae, nine species in seven genera of Phlaeothripidae, and one species in one genus of Aeolothripidae. The major species of thrips differed across the main mango production areas. Thus, 26, 17, 23, 12 and 7 species of thrips were collected in mango orchards in Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan and Fujian, respectively.Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande), an important invasive pest in China, was only discovered in mango orchards in Yunnan and Sichuan. Thrips species and population dynamics are closely related to the phenological stage of mango. In Hainan, the dominant thrips species during the shoot period and young fruit stage wasScirtothrips dorsalisHood. In the flowering period, the thrips population increased significantly and species composition became complicated in the field, withThrips hawaiiensisandF. intonsabeing the dominant species.Frankliniella intonsaandT. hawaiiensiswere the dominant species on weeds in the mango ecosystem, which was consistent with them being dominant thrips species on mango. It is speculated that in mango ecosystems, weeds provide refuge to thrips and removing weeds benefits thrips control in mango orchards during the flowering period.

scholarly journals Quantitative genetics of sex ratio traits in the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.

Genetics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220
Author(s):  
S H Orzack ◽  
J Gladstone
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Parasitic Wasp ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Nasonia Vitripennis ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
First Sex ◽  
Second Sex ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Almost All

Abstract We detected significant parent-offspring regressions for the first sex ratio (the sex ratio produced by a female in a fresh host) and the second sex ratio (the sex ratio produced by a female in a previously parasitized host) in the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis. For both traits, estimates of the narrow-sense heritability range from approximately 0.05 to approximately 0.15 (depending on how the data are analyzed). The study population was derived from isofemale strains created from wasps captured in a single bird nest. The same population exhibited no significant parent-offspring regression for the brood sizes associated with the first and second sex ratios. There may be a significant negative parent-offspring regression for diapause proportion in the first sex ratio broods. The estimates of the genetic correlations between first and second sex ratios are positive although almost all are not significantly different from 0.0. To our knowledge, this study is the first "fine-scale" analysis of genetic variation for sex ratio traits in any species of insect. Such studies are an essential part of the assessment of the validity of claims that sex ratio traits are locally optimal.

A population study of the coconut pest Segestidea uniformis (Willemse) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) on an equatorial island

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Room ◽  
C. H. Perry ◽  
P. T. Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Population Study ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Population Fluctuations ◽  
Sticky Traps ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Nut Production

AbstractA population of the coconut pest Segestidea uniformis (Willemse) was monitored on a small island 2° from the equator in Papua New Guinea between 1973 and 1978. Totals of 54 000 first-instar nymphs were caught on sticky traps on palm trunks and 8750 other nymphs and adults were recovered from the crowns of palms. Generations were completely overlapping, and there was no evidence of seasonality in population fluctuations. The sex ratio was 50:50 in the first six instars, but 90% of seventh instars and 30% of adults were female. Explanations for these variations are given. The population declined from an annual mean of 24 individuals of all ages per palm crown in 1973 to 9 in 1976 and increased again to 29 in 1978. Most post-hatching mortality occurred as first instars climbed from the ground to the crown of palms, probably due to the lizard Gehyra oceanica and rainfall. The number of adults was more sensitive to mortality occurring after the first instars had arrived in the crowns. This mortality appeared to be related to the duration of periods without rainfall, supporting earlier observations that damaging outbreaks of S. uniformis populations do not occur in places which experience a regular dry season. Production of coconuts appeared to be inversely related to the population density of S. uniformis, which did not rise above a level estimated to cause 20% defoliation of the palms during the study. Nut production also seemed to be related to the number of hours of sunshine received in the preceding 12 months. Biological control aimed at nymphs and adults in palm crowns is suggested as an option for controlling S. uniformis which deserves investigation.

scholarly journals Distribution of commensal rodents in rain-fed and irrigated areas of Swat district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

2022 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Khan ◽  
N. N. Nisa ◽  
I. Ilahi ◽  
M. Romman ◽  
R. Parvez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Rattus ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Crop Field ◽  
Commensal Rodents ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Distribution pattern and relative abundance of the agricultural rodent pests of rain-fed and irrigated areas of district Swat Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan were recorded from April 2011 to November 2013 using wire mesh live traps. A total of 350 rodents (269 Rattus rattus and 81 Mus musculus) were captured under 2268 trap nights (trap success: 0.15). Regression of daily captures on cumulative captures revealed an estimate of 350 rodents from all the sampled structures with an average of 21.8 rodents per crop field. House rats (R. rattus; 76.8% of captures) were numerically dominant in almost all types of agricultural fields, and were significantly different from the mice (Mus musculus; 23.1% of captures). Both species were found together in some fields. The sex ratio revealed that males outnumbered the females in both of the reported species.

scholarly journals HASIL TANGKAPAN DAN ASPEK BIOLOGI UDANG KELONG (Penaeus sp.) DI PERAIRAN BARAT ACEH

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wedjatmiko Wedjatmiko
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Biological Aspect ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Metapenaeus Ensis

Penelitian ini dilakukan yaitu pada bulan Agustus 2005 dan Agustus 2006 di perairan barat Aceh. Pengamatan difokuskan pada hasil tangkapan dan aspek biologi udang kelong (Penaeus sp.). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis jenis udang yang tertangkap di perairan barat Aceh diperoleh 20 spesies pada tahun 2005 dan 15 spesies pada tahun 2006. Jenis udang yang dominan tertangkap dan merupakan urutan pertama di perairan Aceh pada tahun 2005 adalah udang kelong, yaitu urutan pertama 36,1% dan kedua pada tahun 2006, yaitu 18,1%. setelah udang dogol (Metapenaeus ensis), 38,3%. Udang kelong yang tertangkap di perairan barat Aceh tergolong mempunyai ukuran yang cukup besar dengan ukuran dominan 14,5 cm untuk udang betina, dan ukuran 11,5 cm untuk ukuran udang kelong jantan. Rasio udang jantan dengan betina adalah 1:2,1 (tahun 2005) dan 1:2,9 (tahun 2006). Di perairan barat Aceh, udang kelong lebih banyak tertangkap di perairan sekitar Kota Meulaboh, pada posisi antara bujur 03°47,237' N-04°35,006' N sampai bujur 95°32,794' E 96o22,833' E. The research was conducted, on August, 2005 and August, 2006 in western Aceh waters (the same stasiun for two years).Observation was focused on population and biological aspect of udang kelong (Penaeus sp.). The Results show that there was 20 species of shrimps (2005) and 15 species (2006). Penaeus sp. a dominant species (36.08%) on 2005 and 18.11% on 2006. Dominant size of Penaeus sp. were caught in Aceh waters ranged 13.0 - 15.0 cm (female) and 11.0 - 12.0 cm (male) respectively. Sex ratio of male and female of Penaeus sp was 1:2.1 (2005) dan 1:2.9 (2006). Distribution of Penaeus sp. in Aceh waters was in araund Meulaboh waters, at position of latitudes 03°47,237' N- 04°35,006' N and longituds 95°32,794' E-96o22,833' E.

Population estimate and body size of European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from Pazarağaç (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey)

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinçer Ayaz ◽  
Uwe Fritz ◽  
Cemal Tok ◽  
Ahmet Mermer ◽  
Murat Tosunoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Carapace Length ◽  
Population Estimate ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
Adult Sex Ratio ◽  
Almost All

AbstractData on population size, adult sex ratio, body size and mass are provided for a population of the turtle Emys orbicularis near Pazarağaç (Afyonkarahisar/Turkey). Using the mark-recapture method (triple catch), a population size of 664 turtles was estimated (95% confidence interval, range 332–996), corresponding to a density of 83 turtles per hectare (range 41.5–124.5). The adult sex-ratio was significantly skewed in favor of males (2.02 males: 1 female; P < 0.001). Almost all recorded specimens were adult (98.1%). Mean straight carapace length (SCL) and body mass (BM) of adult turtles were: SCL = 128.65 mm, BM = 345 g for males (n = 168) and SCL = 135.37 mm, BM = 463 g for females (n = 83).

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