Modelling and optimisation of chitosan anchored titanium dioxide nano-adsorbent for dairy industry effluent treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.L. Dinesha ◽  
S. Hiregoudar ◽  
U. Nidoni ◽  
K.T. Ramappa ◽  
A.T. Dandekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Quadratic Models ◽  
Nano Adsorbent

AbstractThe present study emphasised the efficiency of chitosan anchored titanium dioxide nano-adsorbent on dairy industry effluent treatment. Chitosan titanium dioxide nano-adsorbent was synthesised by using chemical precipitation method and characterised for its particle size, surface morphology and texture. A four-factor-three-level Box–Behnken design along with response surface methodology was used to optimise the adsorption process parameters. Linear, two factor interaction, quadratic and cubic model techniques were used to demonstrate the influence of each parameter and their interaction effects on the responses. The quadratic models derived from the experimental data were used to predict the maximum per cent reduction of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimised treatment combination for maximum per cent reduction in BOD (90.48%) and COD (82.10%) was found to be initial concentration of 100 mg L−1, pH of 7, dosage of 1.25 mg L−1 and contact time of 100 min.

scholarly journals Anionic Polyelectrolytes Synthesized in an Aromatic-Free-Oils Process for Application as Flocculants in Dairy-Industry-Effluent Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (49) ◽  
pp. 16884-16896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Lourenço ◽  
Julien Arnold ◽  
José A. F. Gamelas ◽  
Olivier J. Cayre ◽  
Maria G. Rasteiro
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Industry Effluent

scholarly journals Adsorptive removal of dairy industrial pollutants by chitosan zinc –oxide nanoadsorbent- A comparitive study of artificial neural network and quadratic Box-Behnken design

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1442-1451
Author(s):  
B.L. Dinesha ◽  
◽  
S. Hiregoudar ◽  
U. Nidoni ◽  
K.T. Ramappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Artificial Neural

Aim: To investigate the effect of operational parameters on the adsorption of biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) on to Chitosan zinc oxide (CZnO) nanoadsorbent using cost-effective and eco-friendly nanoadsorbent based effluent treatment processes. Methodology: CZnO nanoadsorbent particle was synthesized using chemical precipitation method. The nano size <100 nm was achieved using high-speed cryo all mill, followed by the characterization using high-end instruments such as scanning electron microscope with elemental detection sensor (SEM-EDS), atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform inform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Modeling and optimization of operational parameters were done with the artificial neural network (ANN) and Box-BehnkenDesign (BBD) statistical tools. Results: Optimized treatment combination for adsorption of BOD and COD were found at initial BOD and COD concentration of 100 and 200 mg l−1, pH of 7.0 and 2.0, adsorbent dosage of 1.25 mg l−1, contact time of 100 and 60 min. In these conditionsthe desirability values of 0.988 and 0.950 were found for BOD and COD adsorption. The maximum per cent reduction of BOD and COD by using CZnO nanoadsorbent was found to be 96.71 and 87.56. Two models such as Quadratic Box-Behnken and ANN were compared in term of sum of square errors (SSE), root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (R2) values. Interpretation: The results obtained revel the well trained ANN model found to be more accurate in prediction of BOD and COD adsorption process parameters compared to BBD model.

An investigation of monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of dairy industry effluent

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilam Sarjerao Patil ◽  
Jaya Vikas Kurhekar
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Industry Effluent

ABSTRACT           Industrialization no doubt enhances the productivity, but also results in release of toxic substances into the environment, creating health hazards. Dairy industry ranks as one of the most polluted industries in India. For cleaning and washing procedures, dairy industry plants generate large volumes of waste water, which is 2.5 times milk volume processed. Dairy effluent contains high load of organic matter. This study was aimed at assessing the monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of effluent like pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides, Sulfates, Oil & Grease, Proteins, Lipids etc. The pH was recorded for values between 7.3 to 8.2 whereas overall mean value was 7.7±0.37 (S.D.) in all month’s data collected which is ambient for the microbial population to grow. Maximum temperature was reported in May (33°C) while lowest value was reported in December (24°C). Mean value of turbidity was recorded as 762±207 NTU. Maximum EC value was reported in January (650 µS/cm) while minimum value was reported in May (354 µS/cm). BOD values reported were between 268 to 950 mg/lit. Maximum BOD values were reported in August and October while minimum was reported in the month of July. Mean value was recorded at 597±208 mg/lit. COD mean value was recorded at 2184±417 mg/lit. Maximum COD values were observed during August and September while minimum during February to April. TDS was noted down to be between 960 to 1362 mg/lit. TS mean value was around 1412 ± 108 mg/lit. TSS was found to be between 245 to 365 mg/lit during the year 2013-14. Maximum TSS value was reported in November and September while minimum in March. Maximum chloride value was reported in March (562 mg/lit) while minimum in September (256 mg/lit). Mean value of sulfate was 247 ± 98 mg/lit. Mean value for oil and grease was recorded as 163 ± 44 mg/lit. Maximum protein value was reported in November (260 mg/lit) while minimum in the months of May and September (154 mg/lit). Mean value of lipid was recorded to be 600±63 mg/lit indicating obvious variation during batches. The present study has been aimed at procuring dairy industry effluents & characterizing them for different parameters in order to check the fluctuation in organic loads.

An investigation of monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of dairy industry effluent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilam Sarjerao Patil ◽  
Jaya Vikas Kurhekar
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Monthly Variation ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Milk Volume ◽  
Industry Effluent

ABSTRACT           Industrialization no doubt enhances the productivity, but also results in release of toxic substances into the environment, creating health hazards. Dairy industry ranks as one of the most polluted industries in India. For cleaning and washing procedures, dairy industry plants generate large volumes of waste water, which is 2.5 times milk volume processed. Dairy effluent contains high load of organic matter. This study was aimed at assessing the monthly variation of different physicochemical parameters of effluent like pH, Temperature, Turbidity, Electrical Conductivity, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Biological Oxygen Demand, Total Solids, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Chlorides, Sulfates, Oil & Grease, Proteins, Lipids etc. The pH was recorded for values between 7.3 to 8.2 whereas overall mean value was 7.7±0.37 (S.D.) in all month’s data collected which is ambient for the microbial population to grow. Maximum temperature was reported in May (33°C) while lowest value was reported in December (24°C). Mean value of turbidity was recorded as 762±207 NTU. Maximum EC value was reported in January (650 µS/cm) while minimum value was reported in May (354 µS/cm). BOD values reported were between 268 to 950 mg/lit. Maximum BOD values were reported in August and October while minimum was reported in the month of July. Mean value was recorded at 597±208 mg/lit. COD mean value was recorded at 2184±417 mg/lit. Maximum COD values were observed during August and September while minimum during February to April. TDS was noted down to be between 960 to 1362 mg/lit. TS mean value was around 1412 ± 108 mg/lit. TSS was found to be between 245 to 365 mg/lit during the year 2013-14. Maximum TSS value was reported in November and September while minimum in March. Maximum chloride value was reported in March (562 mg/lit) while minimum in September (256 mg/lit). Mean value of sulfate was 247 ± 98 mg/lit. Mean value for oil and grease was recorded as 163 ± 44 mg/lit. Maximum protein value was reported in November (260 mg/lit) while minimum in the months of May and September (154 mg/lit). Mean value of lipid was recorded to be 600±63 mg/lit indicating obvious variation during batches. The present study has been aimed at procuring dairy industry effluents & characterizing them for different parameters in order to check the fluctuation in organic loads.

Preparation of Fly Ash Hollow Glass Bead/Titanium Dioxide Composites by Chemical Precipitation

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Meng Meng Wang ◽  
Hao Ding ◽  
Yun Xing Zheng ◽  
Yu Liang
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Process Condition ◽  
Sulfate Solution ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Hydrolysis Rate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Titanyl Sulfate ◽  
Preparation Conditions

To obtain a kind of composite particles material which has the property of both fly ash glass beads (FA) and titanium dioxide (TD), chemical hydrolysis precipitation method was adopted. Each process condition was investigated and the results were characterized by titanyl sulfate hydrolysis rate and the effect of FA coated TD. Composite structure and properties were characterized by means of X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and testing physical properties of FA/TD. The results show that the surface of FA has been coated with TD uniformly and compactly after titanyl sulfate hydrolysis and cladding content roasted. The optimal preparation conditions are hydrolysis cladding temperature 100°C, time 180min, matrix slurry concentration 0.5%, titanyl sulfate solution dosage 0.5g/g and titanyl sulfate solution drop way for the graded way. The hiding power and whiteness of the composite powder are respectively 35.47 g/m2 and 54.43. The results also show that the composite powder has similar pigment performances with TD and it is much whiter than material.

scholarly journals Treatment of egg processing industry effluent using chitosan as an adsorbent

2014 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Thirugnanasambandham ◽  
V. Sivakumar ◽  
Maran Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Settling Time ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Type I ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Spectra Analysis ◽  
Industry Effluent ◽  
Reduction Percentage

The objective of this present study is to investigate the efficiency of chitosan as an adsorbent to treat egg processing industry wastewater. Parameters affecting the effluent treatment process such as pH, chitosan dosage, settling time and initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration on the reduction percentage of turbidity, COD and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) were studied. Optimum condition was found to be pH of 4, chitosan dosage of 1.1 g L-1 and settling time of 40 min respectively. The maximum reduction percentage of turbidity, COD and BOD were found to be 94 %, 88 % and 83 % respectively. The effective adsorption process was confirmed by FT-IR spectra analysis. The experimental data was analyzed by different isotherm and kinetic models. Langmuir isotherm type I model was satisfactorily described the adsorption mechanism and the rate of COD reduction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model. A four factor, three levels Box-Behnken response surface design was employed to develop second order polynomial mathematical models from the experimental data.

scholarly journals Treatment of Tannery Effluent by Locally Available Commercial Grade Lime

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Sabur ◽  
M. M. Rahman ◽  
S. Safiullah
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Chromium Content ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Tannery Effluent ◽  
Total Chromium ◽  
Commercial Grade ◽  
Before And After

The treatment of tannery effluent was carried out based on the locally available commercial grade lime. Collected tannery effluent was acidic (pH 3.94) in nature with total chromium content, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS) and the conductivity at 30°C were 987 mg/L, 3175.32 mg O2/L, 22915 mg/L, 13360 mg/L and 60.7 mS/cm, respectively. The effluent was treated by chemical precipitation method and the dependency on pH in the treatment was investigated by altering the pH from 6.0 to 11.0 by the gradual addition of lime slurry. The treated effluents were characterized primarily in terms of COD and conductivity and we obtained lowest COD (345 mg O2/L) and conductivity (21.4 mS/cm at 30°C) values at pH 9. Then a large scale treatment was carried out with 20.0 L of the effluent in the same experimental condition at pH 9 and the removal of chromium, COD, TSS, TDS and conductivity (at 30°C) were achieved up to 99.79, 60.99, 97.22, 98.27 and 41.85%, respectively. Chloride concentration was also measured before and after treatment but no significant change was observed. © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i1.12557        J. Sci. Res. 5 (1), 143-150 (2013)

Tuning the mechanical and dielectric properties of zinc incorporated hydroxyapatite

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alliya Qamar ◽  
Rehana Zia ◽  
Madeeha Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Properties ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Secondary Phase ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
A Minor

Background: Hydroxyapatite is similar to bone mineral in chemical composition, has good biocompatibility with host tissue and bone. Objective: This work aims to tailor the mechanical and dielectric properties of hydroxyapatite with zinc sudstitution, to improve wearability of implant and accelerate the healing process. Method: Pure and zinc incorporated hydroxyapatite Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 samples have been successfully prepared by means of the chemical precipitation method. Results: The results showed that hydroxyapatite(Hap) having hexagonal structure was the major phase identified in all the samples. It was found that secondary phase of β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) formed due to addition of Zinc resulting in biphasic structure BCP (Hap + β-TCP). A minor phase of ZnO also formed for higher concentration of Zn (Zn ≥ 2mol%) doping. It was found that the Zn incorporation to Hap enhanced both mechanical and dielectric properties without altering the bioactive properties. The microhardness increased upto 0.87 GPa for Zn concentration equal to 1.5mol%, which is comparable to the human bone ~0.3 - 0.9 GPa. The dielectric properties evaluated in the study showed that 1.5 mol% Zn doped hydroxyapatite had highest dielectric constant. Higher values of dielectric constant at low frequencies signifies its importance in healing processes and bone growth due to polarization of the material under the influence of electric field. Conclusion: Sample Z1.5 having 1.5 mol% Zn doping showed the most optimized properties suitable for bone regeneration applications.

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