scholarly journals Burāq depicted as Amanita muscaria in a 15th century Timurid-illuminated manuscript?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141
Author(s):  
Alan Piper
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Amanita Muscaria ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Spirit World

A series of illustrations in a 15th century Timurid manuscript record the mi’raj, the ascent through the seven heavens by Mohammed, the Prophet of Islam. Several of the illustrations depict Burāq, the fabulous creature by means of which Mohammed achieves his ascent, with distinctive features of the Amanita muscaria mushroom. A. muscaria or “fly agaric” is a psychoactive mushroom used by Siberian shamans to enter the spirit world for the purposes of conversing with spirits or diagnosing and curing disease. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the author explores the routes by which Burāq could have come to be depicted in this manuscript with the characteristics of a psychoactive fungus, when any suggestion that the Prophet might have had recourse to a drug to accomplish his spirit journey would be anathema to orthodox Islam. There is no suggestion that Mohammad’s night journey (isra) or ascent (mi’raj) was accomplished under the influence of a psychoactive mushroom or plant.

Representation of Mongols in the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient Illuminated for the Cabrera-Cruïlles Family

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Brunilde Brigante
Keyword(s):  
Holy Land ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
The Many

AbstractAmong the many exotic populations represented in the richly illuminated manuscript of the Fleur des histoires de la terre d’Orient (BnF, n.a.f. 886) the Mongols have clearly been highlighted by the artist who carried out the illustrative cycle. This matches the views expressed in the text by its author, Hayton of Korykos, who stressed the strategic importance of an alliance between Mongols and Christians against the Mameluks of Egypt, who were holding the possession of the Holy Land. In this manuscript, illuminated in Catalonia for a member of the Cabrera-Cruilles families, exoticism is conveyed through the representation of arms and dresses. It is interesting to notice that the Mongols are the only population who is represented with unmistakable distinctive features: the conical hat, and the arch and arrows. In addition to indications based on the miniatures’ style, the iconographic analysis of the armours allows to suggest that the manuscript was produced during the first half of 14th century.

scholarly journals The Narrative as a Mnemonic Text (Based on “Children of War” Narratives)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-411
Author(s):  
Olga N. Kolysheva
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Semantic Heterogeneity ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Information Recovery ◽  
Evaluative Judgments ◽  
War Narratives ◽  
Event Series ◽  
Retrospective Nature ◽  
Self Examination ◽  
Children Of War

The article is focuses on the consideration of "children of war" narratives as mnemonic texts united by a common theme and containing memories of the Great Patriotic War in Russia (1941- 1945). The interdisciplinary approach to the analysis of such texts makes it possible to describe the nature of representation of the war in the minds of its eyewitnesses, to trace its rethinking and changing nature of memories. The research material illustrates the distinctive features of the narrative as a mnemonic text, namely the retrospective nature of the narrative, structural and semantic heterogeneity of the texts, linguistic expression of the authenticity of the event series, the interaction of the narrator with the interviewer in the narration, temporal postponement of memories expressed in evaluative judgments, self-examination of the events, reflexion, as well as cognitive "symbiosis" of the past and present, expressed in the using of past and present tenses of verbs in a sentence. The article introduces the notion of mnemonic situation and describes its structure and types: situations of information presence, situations of information loss, situations of information absence and situations of information recovery. In the course of the research, we found examples of interaction of several types of mnemical situation in a sentence or a thematic fragment.

scholarly journals The Pseudepigraphical “Life of Moses” in the “Tichonravov’s Chronograph” and in the Biblical Compendium from the Collection of thе Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius

Slovene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-423
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Anisimova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Translation ◽  
Book Of Job ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Full Version ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
Russian Version ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Russian State ◽  
State Library ◽  
Original Feature

The article's goal is to study and publish the text of a specific Slavic-Russian version of the apocryphal Life of Moses, previously unknown, which was identified in two manuscripts in the Russian State Library (both from the late 15th century), namely in the Tikhonravov’s Chronograph from the collection of handwritten books of N. S. Tikhonravov and in the Biblical Compendium from the collection of thе Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. The remaining versions of the apocryphon have been known to date as parts of Great Menaion Reader, Barsov’s Palaea Interpretata and Complete chronographic Palaea. Both new copies of the apocryphon were included in an extensive fragment of a previously unknown Old Russian chronograph based, firstly, on the Biblical books of Genesis, Exodus, Numbers and the Book of Job, as well as on an unknown Slavic translation of Judean Antiquities by Josephus, and on the following Apocrypha (in addition to the Life of Moses): Lesser Genesis (The Book of Jubilees), Death of Abraham and Genesis of Esau. The original feature of the chronograph is a compilation story of Joseph and his brothers, composed of fragments from the full version of the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs, the Tale of Joseph the Beautiful by St. Ephraim the Syrian and the famous Letter to Presbyter Khoma from Metropolitan Kliment Smoliatich. Main distinctive features of the Life of Moses published in this article are identified and analyzed: 1) a different sequence of the narration; 2) several individual readings–including primary ones, ascending to the Jewish original; 3) literary and stylistic differences; 4) four insertions, which have correlations with the Greek Chronicon of George Kedrenos and were partially reflected in the Short chronographic Palaea and in the Speech of the Scholar from the Old Russian Tale of Past Years. In addition, some revisions and inserts were discovered in the biblical Compendium of Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius, which are based on the Slavic-Russian translation of the Historical Palaea. The final result of the study is presented as a stemma of relations between the editions of the apocryphon.

scholarly journals Non-invasive analysis of a 15th century illuminated manuscript fragment: point-based vs imaging spectroscopy

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stijn Legrand ◽  
Paola Ricciardi ◽  
Luca Nodari ◽  
Koen Janssens
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Spectroscopy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
15Th Century

scholarly journals POWER AND DAGESTANI SOCIETY IN THE YEARS WORLD WAR I: EVERYDAY PRACTICES

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-597
Author(s):  
Elmira M. Dalgat ◽  
Madina I. Abdulaeva ◽  
Burkutbay G. Ayagan
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
First World

The article deals with the little-studied problems of relations and interaction between the regional authorities and Dagestani society against the background of the events of the First world war, which made its severe adjustments to the daily life of society. The relevance of the topic is not in doubt in connection with the realities of today, when the crisis of power and society in a number of countries led to the so-called "color revolutions". Historical experience of social disasters allows us to model and predict the future. An interdisciplinary approach to the study of social, political, and economic aspects of the worldview of various segments of the population, their psychological perception of war and their attitude to power allowed us to show the real historical reality. The rejection of the ideology that considered the First world war solely as a forerunner of the revolution, the involvement of memoir literature, the work of foreign researchers, the identification and display of the personal factor made the main focus of research in favor of social anthropology.The daily life of the population of the Dagestan region, as one of the outskirts of tsarist Russia during the First world war, carried General Imperial features, but at the same time had its own specifics. The laws of wartime left an imprint on the daily life of the population of all Russia. However, the available material shows that the crisis phenomena that covered the frontline territory with the beginning of the war in the Dagestan region appeared only by 1916. In the first two years, the regional authorities managed to contain the prices of food and basic necessities. The analysis of the ratio of regional and national history revealed other distinctive features of daily life of Dagestani society, caused by the lack of universal military service for mountaineers, the remoteness of the region from the front line, the presence of a strong traditionalist core that prevents the marginalization of society.  

scholarly journals During Credo He Shouted "Blessed be […]; now I can hear": Nordic Child Miraculees Interacting with Liturgy

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Rakel Igland Diesen
Keyword(s):  
Mental Image ◽  
Sensory Information ◽  
Yale University ◽  
Rare Book ◽  
Sensory Experiences ◽  
Illuminated Manuscript ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Miracle Narratives ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
General Collection

This article focuses on miracle narratives associated with saints originating in the Nordic region, written from the 12th to the 15th century, where a rich collection of images of children present around and inside of churches and at shrines can be found. Many of the tales portray children in devotional activities, giving an indication of how children moved and acted in these spaces. The events described often transpire during prayers and services, and show how children were seen and heard in spaces where liturgical activity shaped the rhythms of the day and the year. By examining how children are presented, as present and participating in these spaces, and by noting the bits of sensory information given in the narratives, this article adds to our mental image of the religious practices as well as sensory experiences of medieval children. Keywords: Medieval children, miracles, Nordic saints, hagiography, sensory experience.  On cover:Monks singing the Office and decorated initial A[sperges me.]. Gradual Olivetan Master (Use of the Olivetan Benedictines), illuminated manuscript on parchment ca. 1430-1439. Italy, Monastero di Santa Maria di Baggio near Milan, Ca 1400-1775.Beinecke Ms1184: The olivetan Gradual. Gradual. General Collection, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Asish C. Nag ◽  
Lee D. Peachey
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Type ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Extraocular Muscles ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Superior Rectus ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

Passy-Muir Speaking Valve Use in a Children's Hospital: An Interdisciplinary Approach

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren Hofmann ◽  
Joseph Bolton ◽  
Susan Ferry
Keyword(s):  
Tracheostomy Tube ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Tube Placement ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Speaking Valve ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital

Abstract At The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) we treat many children requiring tracheostomy tube placement. With potential for a tracheostomy tube to be in place for an extended period of time, these children may be at risk for long-term disruption to normal speech development. As such, speaking valves that restore more normal phonation are often key tools in the effort to restore speech and promote more typical language development in this population. However, successful use of speaking valves is frequently more challenging with infant and pediatric patients than with adult patients. The purpose of this article is to review background information related to speaking valves, the indications for one-way valve use, criteria for candidacy, and the benefits of using speaking valves in the pediatric population. This review will emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration from the perspectives of speech-language pathology and respiratory therapy. Along with the background information, we will present current practices and a case study to illustrate a safe and systematic approach to speaking valve implementation based upon our experiences.

Prophylactic Mastectomy - Evaluation and Treatment of High Risk Patients

Swiss Surgery ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remmel ◽  
Harder
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Prophylactic Mastectomy ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Reconstructive Procedures ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Reduction ◽  
Cancer Risk Reduction

Prophylactic mastectomy is an aggressive strategy for breast cancer risk reduction. The indications and efficiency of this procedures are not yet clearly defined. Randomized, prospective studies, comparing different surgical procedures with other modalities of breast cancer risk reduction are lacking. The report evaluates the existing controversy, based on Medline search in the following sequence: risk factors, possibilities of risk reduction, effectiveness of risk reduction, technical considerations and recommendations. Patient selection is difficult and needs an interdisciplinary approach. The women have to be well informed about all treatment alternatives and various reconstructive procedures. An appropriate risk reduction strategy should be selected individually for each patient. Up to now, there exist only recommendations from different institutions but no definitive guidelines.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document