scholarly journals High-intensity interval training-induced hypertrophy in gastrocnemius muscle via improved IGF-I/Akt/FoxO and myostatin/Smad signaling pathways in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheil Biglari ◽  
Alireza Ghardashi Afousi ◽  
Farnoosh Mafi ◽  
Fatemeh Shabkhiz
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Igf I ◽  
High Intensity Interval

AbstractObjectiveIt has been shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) leads to skeletal muscle hypertrophy; however, its mechanisms of cellular and molecular regulation are still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of HIIT on muscle hypertrophy and major signal transduction pathways.Design12 male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and HIIT. The exercise group performed 30-min HIIT in each session (5 × 4-min intervals running at 85–95% VO2max separated by 2-min active rest at 55–60% VO2max), 3 days/week for 8 weeks. Muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) and the expression of signal transduction pathway proteins were determined in the gastrocnemius muscle.ResultsIn the HIIT group, the expression of IGF-I, IGF-IR Akt, p-Akt, AMPKα, p-AMPKα and follistatin increased significantly, whereas a significant decrease was observed in the expression of FoxO1, p-FoxO1, myostatin, ActRIIB, Smad2/3 and p-Smad2/3 (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences between the HIIT and control groups in the expression of mTOR, p-mTOR, P70S6K, and p-P70S6K (P > 0.05). In addition, CSA and gastrocnemius muscle weight increased significantly in the HIIT group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsHIIT induced muscle hypertrophy by improving IGF-I/Akt/FoxO and myostatin/Smad signal transduction pathways.

scholarly journals The effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training and crocin consumption on the apoptotic genes expression in the liver tissue of male rats under chronic doxorubicin induction

2020 ◽  
pp. 323-335
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Irreversible Effects ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background and Aim: The use of doxorubicin (Dox) in chemotherapy has irreversible effects on liver tissue. Therefore, the role of exercise activities and the use of antioxidants consumption on the mechanism of apoptosis induced by (Dox are not yet fully understood. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and crocin consumption on liver tissue apoptosis in male rats under chronic Dox induction. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (mean weight 200±20 g)and age range of 8 weeks divided into five groups including; 1: healthy control groups, 2: Dox (2 mg/kg in 7 doses), 3: Dox+crocin (10 mg/kg), 4: Dox+HIIT, and 5: Dox+HIIT+crocin. The training groups ran for 8 weeks, 5 days a week, at 2-minute intervals and with an intensity of 80 to 90% of the maximum speed. 48 hours after the last training session, liver biopsy were performed to assess the fibrosis and expression of Bax and Bcl-2 genes by (Real time-PCR) method. The results of statistical analysis were analyzed using by one-way (ANOVA), at p≤0.05. Results: Dox significantly increased Bax expression compared to Bax/Bcl-2 and also decreased Bcl-2 expression in liver tissue of the patient groups (p=0.001). In contrast, crocin and the combination of exercise and crocin decreased Bax expression compared to Bax/Bcl-2 and increased Bcl-2 expression in experimental groups compared to Dox group (p=0.001). Conclusion: It seems the high intensity interval training with consumption of crocin has significant effect on the decrease of apoptosis in liver tissue in male rats subjected to chronic doxorubicin injection.

scholarly journals The Effect of Detraining High Intensity Interval Training on the Expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 Genes in the Left Ventricle of Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Soltanipour jounaghani ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohammad-Ali Azarbayjani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of detraining after 12 weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 genes in the left ventricle of wistar diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight wistar male rats were selected as the study sample and were divided in four groups of healthy control, diabetic control, diabetic HIIT and diabetic HIIT + detraining. The HIIT period was 12 weeks and the detraining period was 6 weeks. Each session consisted of 30 minutes, which included running on a treadmill with one-minute repetitions and a two-minute active recovery between them. To measure AKT1 mRNA and mTORc1 mRNA by RT-Real time PCR, a single-step single step SYBR TAKARA kits from Takara Company was used according to the company's instruction. Results: HIIT caused a significant increase in AKT1 gene expression (P-value= 0.001). AKT1 decreased with detraining that was not significant (P-value= 0.34) but it was still significantly higher than before training (P-value= 0.017). HIIT caused a significant increase in mTORc1 gene expression (P-value= 0.001) and although it decreased with detraining (P-value= 0.15) and it was no significantly higher than before training (P-value= 0.19). Conclusion: HIIT led to increased expression of AKT1 and mTORc1 genes in type 2 diabetic rats, while also producing favorable changes in the cardiac structure of these rats. Also, 6 weeks of detraining did somewhat reduce these favorable changes.

scholarly journals Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on the Level of Atrial Fibrillation, Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Klotho Protein in Male Rats with Renal Failure

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Rokhsati ◽  
Rahman Souri ◽  
Fatemeh Shabkhiz ◽  
Shahram Rabbani ◽  
Zahra Shahsavari
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fibroblast Growth ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Introduction: Cardiovascular problems and atrial fibrillation is one of the most prevalent secondary consequences in hemodialysis patients. This study aimed to examine the effect of high intensity interval training on the level of atrial fibrillation, fibroblast growth factor 23 and Klotho in male rats with chronic kidney disease. Methods: In this study, 30 male rats Wistar (7-8 weeks) were randomly assigned into three groups of exercise, control and sham. Rats in the exercise and control groups were entered to the study by using nephrectomy 5/6Nx, which made renal failure. Exercise protocol included training protocol as high intensity interval training (85% Maximum oxygen consumption) on treadmill for 8 weeks and three sessions in each week. Atrial fibrillation, fibroblast growth factor 23, Klotho, and other parameters were examined at the post intervention in all three groups. Data analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and to examine the difference between groups, followed post-hoc Bonferroni analysis test at P <0.05. Results: Interval training was able to make a significant difference between the exercise and control groups in the level of atrial fibrillation (P<0/05). Klotho protein also had a considerable increase in the exercise group compared to the control group. However, the fibroblast growth factor 23 did not differ significantly between the exercise and control groups (P>0/05). Conclusion: High intensity interval training can cause a significant decrease in the level of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney patients; however, in the process of this improvement, the changes in fibroblast growth factor 23 and related factors are less and the role of Klotho protein has an important effect.

High-intensity interval training with long duration intervals is more effective than short duration intervals for improving glycolytic capacity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azadeh Akmali ◽  
Marziyeh Saghebjoo
Keyword(s):  
Short Duration ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Monocarboxylate Transporter ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background There is little data regarding the ability of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) to increase of glycolytic capacity and intramuscular metabolic adaptations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of HIIT (8 weeks, 5 times/week) with short (HIIT1 min: 16 × 1 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) and long (HIIT4 min: 4 × 4 min work and active recovery at 80–95% and 50–60% VO2max, respectively) duration intervals and 4 weeks detraining on the levels of phosphofructokinase (PFK), glycogen synthase 1 (GYS1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the rats’ gastrocnemius muscle. Materials and methods Fifty-four male Wistar rats were assigned into three groups, including HIIT1 min, HIIT4 min and control (Ctrl). After 48 h of the last training session and after 4 weeks of detraining, the rats were sacrificed, and the gastrocnemius muscles were isolated. Results The PFK levels in the HIIT4 min group was significantly higher than in the HIIT1 min and Ctrl groups, and after the detraining period in the HIIT4 minDT group significantly decreased compared to the HIIT4 min group. The LDH activity in the HIIT4 min and HIIT1 min groups were significantly higher than the Ctrl group and the increasing trend in the HIIT4 min group was more than the HIIT1 min group. There was no significant change in LDH activity after detraining compared to training. No significant changes were observed in the level of GYS1 and MCT4 after HIIT. Conclusions Eight weeks of HIIT with long duration intervals induced more improvements in intramuscular glycolytic capacity than a short duration. After short-term detraining, some of these adaptations have remained.

scholarly journals The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Herb Supplement on Heart IGF-1 Concentration in Male Rat

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ali Pirani ◽  
Maghsoud Peeri ◽  
Mohamad Ali Azarbayjani
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Heart Tissue ◽  
Flaxseed Oil ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Training Groups ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Objectives: The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of 10 weeks of high intensity interval training and flaxseed oil supplement on heart IGF-1 concentration in male rats. Materials and methods: 20 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into saline, saline–training, supplementation, and supplementation–training groups. The training groups performed training (10 weeks, five sessions per week, 90–95% VO2 max) on a rodent treadmill. The supplementation groups also received flaxseed oil supplement (30 mg/kg). The rats were sacrificed five days after the last training session. The heart tissue was collected, and sent to the laboratory for evaluation. Results: Training increased the concentration of the heart IGF-1 (P=0.01). The concentration of heart IGF-1 was higher in the flaxseed oil-supplemented groups than the saline-treated groups. (P=0.003). The interaction between training and supplementation also led to a increase in heart IGF-1 concentration (P=0.001). Conclusion: The increase of heart IGF-1 after training and consumption suggest that training and flaxseed oil can help to improve cardiac function.

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