scholarly journals Plasma irisin and its associations with oxidative stress in athletes suffering from overtraining syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-526
Author(s):  
R. Joro ◽  
A. Korkmaz ◽  
T.A. Lakka ◽  
A.L.T. Uusitalo ◽  
M. Atalay
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Overtraining Syndrome ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Test ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractIrisin is a novel exercise-induced myokine that may be involved in regulating energy metabolism. We determined whether overtraining syndrome (OTS) and its biochemical markers are associated with plasma irisin levels in athletes. Seven severely overtrained athletes (OA) and 10 healthy control athletes (CA) were recruited and examined at the time of diagnosis (baseline) and after 6- and 12-months follow-up. Training volume and intensity were initially restricted but progressively increased in OA as OTS symptoms alleviated; CA continued their normal training routine. A maximal cycle ergometer test was performed with irisin analyzed before and after the test. Before the exercise test, irisin levels tended to be lower in OA than in CA at baseline (154.5 ± 28.5 vs. 171.7 ± 58.7 ng/mL). In both groups, at rest irisin levels changed only marginally during follow-up and were not affected by maximal exercise, nor were they associated with physical performance or body fat percentage. Irisin concentration at rest correlated positively with an oxidative stress marker, malondialdehyde (MDA) and negatively with an antioxidant protection marker, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in response to the exercise test in OA at baseline. Our findings help to clarify the possible contribution of irisin and its association with oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of OTS.

Oxidative Stress Status in Patients with Choledocholithiasis: Before and After Endoscopic Sphincterotomy and Biliary Clearance

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2172-2176
Author(s):  
Catalin Victor Sfarti ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Carol Stanciu ◽  
Gheorghe G. Balan ◽  
Irina Garleanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameter ◽  
Extrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Biliary Clearance ◽  
Oxidative Stress Status ◽  
Before And After

Choledocholithiasis may cause biliary obstruction which leads to hepatocellular injury. Oxidative stress has been proposed as a possible mechanism involved in this disorder. This study evaluates the oxidative stress burden in patients with choledocholithiasis and secondary cholestasis, before and after endoscopic sphincterotomy. Experimental part: Patients diagnosed with choledocholithiasis and secondary extrahepatic cholestasis were included in the study between January 1st 2016 and October 31st 2016. In all patients oxidative stress markers were collected within 2 hours before and 48 hours after therapeutic ERCP. Selected markers were superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results were compared to those from a group of 40 healthy subjects. Significantly lower concentrations of SOD (p = 0.03) and GPX (p [ 0.0001) activities, associated with an increased level of MDA level (p [ 0.0001) were shown in patients before biliary clearance compared with the healthy control group. After ERCP the only oxidative stress parameter which showed improvement was the SOD specific activity (p = 0.037). This study shows that extrahepatic cholestasis secondary to choledocholithiasis is associated with increased oxidative stress status. After biliary clearance one oxidative stress marker was significantly improved (SOD), suggesting a possible antioxidant effect of such procedure.

Effect of 6 Weeks of n-3 Fatty-Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Judo Athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Alain Massart ◽  
Hugues Portier ◽  
Matthieu Rouveix ◽  
Fatima Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of 6 wk of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in judoists. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or a capsule of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA). Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, nitric oxide (NO) and malondyaldehide (MDA) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted, with values significantly lower in the n-3 long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA) group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time on resting MDA concentrations and Rmax were found (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively), with elevated values in the n-3 LCPUFA group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and oxidative-stress increase with exercise (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, and NO) in the n-3 LCPUFA group than with placebo. No main or interaction effects were found for retinol and α-tocopherol. These results indicate that supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs significantly increased oxidative stress at rest and after a judo-training session.

Effects of oral N-acetylcysteine on walking capacity, leg reactive hyperemia, and inflammatory and angiogenic mediators in patients with intermittent claudication

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (5) ◽  
pp. H897-H905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natan D. da Silva ◽  
Bruno T. Roseguini ◽  
Marcel Chehuen ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Glória F. Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermittent Claudication ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Reactive Hyperemia ◽  
Circulating Microrna ◽  
Walking Capacity ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Postocclusive Reactive Hyperemia

Increased oxidative stress and inflammation contribute to impaired walking capacity and endothelial dysfunction in patients with intermittent claudication (IC). The goal of the study was to determine the effects of oral treatment with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on walking capacity, leg postocclusive reactive hyperemia, circulating levels of inflammatory mediators, and whole blood expression of angiogenic mediators in patients with IC. Following a double-blinded randomized crossover design, 10 patients with IC received NAC (1,800 mg/day for 4 days plus 2,700 mg before the experimental session) and placebo (PLA) before undergoing a graded treadmill exercise test. Leg postocclusive reactive hyperemia was assessed before and after the test. Blood samples were taken before and after NAC or PLA ingestions and 5 and 30 min after the exercise test for the analysis of circulating inflammatory and angiogenic markers. Although NAC increased the plasma ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione, there were no differences between experimental sessions for walking tolerance and postocclusive reactive hyperemia. Plasma concentrations of soluble vascular cell adhesion protein-1, monocyte chemotactic protein-1, and endothelin-1 increased similarly following maximal exercise after PLA and NAC ( P < 0.001). Whole blood expression of pro-angiogenic microRNA-126 increased after maximal exercise in the PLA session, but treatment with NAC prevented this response. Similarly, exercise-induced changes in whole blood expression of VEGF, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase R2 were blunted after NAC. In conclusion, oral NAC does not increase walking tolerance or leg blood flow in patients with IC. In addition, oral NAC prevents maximal exercise-induced increase in the expression of circulating microRNA-126 and other angiogenic mediators in patients with IC.

Effects of residential exercise training on heart rate recovery in coronary artery patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (1) ◽  
pp. H510-H515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo M. Legramante ◽  
Ferdinando Iellamo ◽  
Michele Massaro ◽  
Sergio Sacco ◽  
Alberto Galante
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Heart Rate Recovery ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Before And After

The aims of the present study are twofold: 1) to investigate whether heart rate recovery (HRR) after a cycle ergometry test is affected by exercise training and 2) to test the ability of HRR to replicate the baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) changes that occur in response to an exercise training program in coronary artery patients. We randomized 82 coronary artery patients undergoing a residential cardiac rehabilitation program to an exercise training group (TR; n = 43) and an untrained group (UTR; n = 39). All of the patients underwent an exercise test before and after the rehabilitation program. HRR was recorded at the end of the 1st and 2nd min after exercise. BRS was determined at rest before and after treatment. HRR after the 2nd min was significantly improved in TR patients (−21.4 ± 0.9 beats/min) compared with UTR patients (−17.8 ± 1.2 beats/min) at the end of the training program. Improvement in HRR paralleled that in BRS in TR patients (from 3.2 ± 0.3 to 5.3 ± 0.8 ms/mmHg; P < 0.001), whereas no significant change was evident in UTR patients (from 3.5 ± 0 to 4.0 ± 0.4 ms/mmHg; P = 0.230). Our data show that HRR in the 2nd min after the cessation of a cycle ergometer exercise test increased in coronary artery patients after an exercise training period. This result confirms the positive effect induced by exercise training on HRR and extends the conclusions of previous studies to different modalities of exercise (i.e., cycle ergometer). HRR might provide an additional simple marker of the effectiveness of physical training programs in cardiac patients.

Impact of anthocyanin-rich whole fruit consumption on exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 630-645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taylor K Bloedon ◽  
Rock E Braithwaite ◽  
Imogene A Carson ◽  
Dorothy Klimis-Zacas ◽  
Robert A Lehnhard
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Collaboration ◽  
Oxidative Stress Marker ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Context Supplementing with fruits high in anthocyanins to reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress and inflammation has produced mixed results. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to discuss the impact of whole fruits high in anthocyanins, including processing methods and the type and amount of fruit, on inflammation and oxidative stress. Data Sources PICOS reporting guidelines and a customized coding scheme were used to search 5 databases (SPORTDiscus, Science Direct, Web of Science [BIOSIS], Medline [Pubmed], and the Cochrane Collaboration) with additional cross-referencing selection. Data Extraction A random-effects meta-analysis was used to measure effects of the fruit supplements with 3 statistics; the QTotal value based on a χ2 distribution, τ2 value, and I2 value were used to determine homogeneity of variances on 22 studies (out of 807). Outliers were identified using a relative residual value. Results A small significant negative summary effect across the sum of all inflammatory marker outcomes (P < 0.001) and a moderate negative effect for the sum of all oxidative stress marker outcomes (P = 0.036) were found. Moderator analyses did not reveal significant (P > 0.05) differences between subgrouping variables. Conclusions Results indicate that consumption of whole fruit high in anthocyanins can be beneficial for reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.

The benefit of a supplement with the antioxidant melatonin on redox status and muscle damage in resistance-trained athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Leonardo-Mendonça ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Tomás de Haro ◽  
Carlos de Teresa-Galván ◽  
Eduardo Guerra-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Exercise Induced

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Inhibition of CCR2 Signaling Exacerbates Exercise-Induced Inflammation Independently of Neutrophil Infiltration and Oxidative Stress

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Takaki Tominaga ◽  
Jiapeng Huang ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Pharmacological Inhibition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Although exercise-induced humoral factors known as exerkines benefit systemic health, the role of most exerkines has not been investigated. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a representative chemokine whose circulating concentrations increase after exercise, and it is one of the exerkines. MCP-1 is a ligand for CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and muscle cells. However, there is no information on the role of CCR2 signaling in exercise. Therefore, to investigate the research question, we administrated CCR2 antagonist or PBS to mice to inhibit CCR2 signaling before and after exercise. Our results showed that CCR2 signaling inhibition promoted exercise-induced macrophage infiltration and inflammation 24 h after exercise in muscle. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in muscle. However, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress had no contribution to exercise-induced inflammation by CCR2 signaling inhibition. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in kidney, liver, and adipose tissues. To summarize, pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 signaling exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation independently of neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Exercise Modalities on Oxidative Stress: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anand Thirupathi ◽  
Meizi Wang ◽  
Ji Kai Lin ◽  
Gusztáv Fekete ◽  
Bíró István ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Exercise Condition ◽  
Exercise Type ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Individual

Exercise-induced benefits are being increasingly recognized in promoting health and preventing diseases. However, initial adaption to exercise response can have different effects on cells, including an increase in the formation of oxidants and inflammatory mediators that ultimately leads to oxidative stress, but this scenario depends on the exercise type and intensity and training status of the individual. Therefore, we aimed to understand the effect of different types of exercise on oxidative stress. Indeed, exercise-induced minimum oxidative stress is required for regulating signaling pathways. According to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, a search for relevant articles was carried out on PubMed/Medline, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar using a broad range of synonyms such as oxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, exercise, physical training, aerobic exercise, and strength exercise until 2019. This study selected a total of 18 articles for assessing the oxidative damage using various parameters such as malondialdehyde (MDA), protein carbonyl (PCO), and F1-isoprostanes and enzymatic antioxidants. We observed that any type of exercise can increase the oxidative damage in an exercise type and intensity manner. Further, the training status of the individual and specific oxidative damage marker plays a crucial role in predicting earlier oxidative damage in the exercise condition. However, some of the studies that we included for review did not perform follow-up evaluations. Therefore, follow-up programs using larger numbers need to be performed to confirm our findings.

Abstract 12607: Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System Inhibition Prevents the Arterial Stiffness Elevation Resulting in the Amelioration of Inappropriate Cardiovascular Response During Exercise in Patients With Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanae Yabu ◽  
Takashi Masuda ◽  
Misao Ogura ◽  
Ryosuke Shimizu ◽  
Daisuke Kamekawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor Blocker ◽  
Angiotensin Ii Receptor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Before And After

Introduction: Patients with hypertension (HT) are known to show an increased activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) secondary to sympathetic hyperactivity. The RAAS hyperactivity was reported to induce vascular endothelial dysfunction and elevated functional arterial stiffness resulting in an inappropriate cardiovascular response during exercise such as an excessive blood pressure (BP) elevation. This study investigated whether a long-term RAAS inhibition ameliorated the inappropriate cardiovascular response during exercise in HT patients. Methods: Eighty HT patients (64±14 years, 48 males) were divided into two groups based on antihypertensives: angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) group and L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB) group. Patients were followed up for one year, after their BP was controlled below 140/90 mmHg. Patients received a cycle ergometer test, and blood examination before and after the follow-up period. We determined systolic blood pressure (SBP) elevation during the exercise test as the change from baseline SBP to peak SBP (ΔSBP). We assessed the changes in plasma renin, aldosterone, noradrenaline (NORA) and adrenaline (ADRN), and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV) before and after the exercise test (ΔNORA and ΔADRN as sympathetic activity parameters and ΔPWV as a functional arterial stiffness). Results: ΔSBP after the follow-up period was significantly lower in the ARB group than in the CCB group (P<0.001). ΔADRN and ΔPWV increased significantly after the follow-up period in the CCB group as compared with baseline assessment (P<0.05, respectively) despite no significant changes in the ARB group. Those after the follow-up period were significantly lower in the ARB group than in CCB group (P<0.05, P<0.001). Conclusions: RAAS inhibition prevented the arterial stiffness elevation resulting in the amelioration of inappropriate cardiovascular response during exercise in HT patients.

Acute and Chronic Theophylline Therapy in Exercise-Induced Bronchospasm

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 845-849
Author(s):  
C. Warren Bierman ◽  
Gail G. Shapiro ◽  
William E. Pierson ◽  
Carol S. Dorsett
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Control Asthma ◽  
Forced Expiratory Flow ◽  
Treatment Changes ◽  
Expiratory Flow ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study examined the effectiveness of theophylline therapy in modifying exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in children with perennial asthma and evaluated whether tolerance to theophylline developed with prolonged use. Twenty-one children between 7 and 16 years of age were studied by a standardized treadmill exercise test carried out before administration of theophylline, 90 minutes after administration of theophylline, and again after three weeks of round-the-clock theophylline treatment. Changes in forced expiratory volume at one second, forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of vital capacity, and peak expiratory flow rate were measured before and after each exercise test. Theophylline inhibited EIB in 20 of 21 subjects. There was considerable intersubject variation in the response to theophylline, however, ranging from complete inhibition in five subjects to no inhibition at all in one subject, even though theophylline controlled perennial asthma in all subjects, and all but one had theophylline levels between 10 and 22 µg/ml when tested. On repeated testing after three weeks of therapy, no tolerance developed to theophylline. These findings suggest that EIB and perennial asthma may result from different causes and that theophylline's ability to control asthma will not predict its effect on EIB. Subjects who have severe EIB should be retested after theophylline pretreatment to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document