Effect of 6 Weeks of n-3 Fatty-Acid Supplementation on Oxidative Stress in Judo Athletes

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 496-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Filaire ◽  
Alain Massart ◽  
Hugues Portier ◽  
Matthieu Rouveix ◽  
Fatima Rosado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Lag Phase ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Chain Pufa ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this investigation was to assess the effects of 6 wk of eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) supplementation on resting and exercise-induced lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in judoists. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive a placebo or a capsule of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 600 mg EPA and 400 mg DHA). Blood samples were collected in preexercise and postexercise conditions (judo-training session), both before and after the supplementation period. The following parameters were analyzed: α-tocopherol, retinol, lag phase, maximum rate of oxidation (Rmax) during the propagating chain reaction, maximum amount of conjugated dienes (CDmax) accumulated after the propagation phase, nitric oxide (NO) and malondyaldehide (MDA) concentrations, salivary glutathione peroxidase activity, and the lipid profile. Dietary data were collected using a 7-day dietary record. A significant interaction effect between supplementation and time (p < .01) on triglycerides was noted, with values significantly lower in the n-3 long-chain-PUFA (LCPUFA) group after supplementation than in the placebo group. Significant interaction effects between supplementation and time on resting MDA concentrations and Rmax were found (p = .03 and p = .04, respectively), with elevated values in the n-3 LCPUFA group after supplementation and no change in the placebo group’s levels. The authors observed a significantly greater NO and oxidative-stress increase with exercise (MDA, Rmax, CDmax, and NO) in the n-3 LCPUFA group than with placebo. No main or interaction effects were found for retinol and α-tocopherol. These results indicate that supplementation with n-3 LCPUFAs significantly increased oxidative stress at rest and after a judo-training session.

scholarly journals Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2505
Author(s):  
Hee-Tae Roh ◽  
Su-Youn Cho ◽  
Wi-Young So
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Stand Test ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Leg Strength ◽  
Jump Power

Purpose: Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress related to obesity and can induce secretion of myokines that are involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. There are no studies examining changes in these variables as a result of Taekwondo training intervention. We aimed to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on oxidative stress and myokine levels in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: We randomly assigned 20 overweight and obese adolescents to control (control group; CG, n = 10) and experimental (experimental group; EG, n = 10) groups. The EG performed Taekwondo training five times a week for 16 weeks. Physical parameters (height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (cardiorespiratory endurance), grip and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), Sargent jump (power), and stork stand test (balance)) were measured before and after intervention. We measured levels of serum oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and myokines (serum interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, and myostatin). Results: The weight and BMI in the EG after intervention were significantly lower and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), and Sargent jump (power) were significantly improved compared to those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of height, VO2 max, grip strength, or stork stand test (p > 0.05). The SOD and BDNF level after intervention were significantly higher in the EG after the intervention, whereas MDA and irisin levels were significantly lower than those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of serum IL-15 and myostatin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Taekwondo training can reduce obesity and increase physical fitness with respect to muscular strength, flexibility, and power as well as alleviate oxidative stress and modulate myokine secretion in adolescents.

Effects of Walking on Cigarette Cravings and Affect in the Context of Nesbitt’s Paradox and the Circumplex Model

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Taylor ◽  
Magdalena Katomeri ◽  
Michael Ussher
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Crossover Design ◽  
Circumplex Model ◽  
Affective Valence ◽  
Repeated Measures Anova ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Cigarette Cravings

The study examined whether walking can mimic the effects of nicotine during temporary abstinence, by eliciting changes in mood and affect and by reducing cravings. In a randomized crossover design, 15 participants did a self-paced 1-mile walk or sat passively on separate days. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant reduction in desire to smoke during and for up to 20 min following exercise. Further MANOVAs and univariate ANOVAs revealed significant interaction effects for time-by-condition for tension, and affective valence and activation. Walking reduced tension and increased affective valence and activation during and up to 20 min after exercise, but increased activation only at the end of exercise. ANCOVAs revealed that exercise-induced reductions in cravings were mediated through reduced tension. Walking should be recommended for reducing cravings, but further research is needed to understand whether the arousing properties of exercise can help manage cravings.

The benefit of a supplement with the antioxidant melatonin on redox status and muscle damage in resistance-trained athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Leonardo-Mendonça ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Tomás de Haro ◽  
Carlos de Teresa-Galván ◽  
Eduardo Guerra-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Exercise Induced

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Diaphragmatic Breathing Reduces Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Martarelli ◽  
Mario Cocchioni ◽  
Stefania Scuri ◽  
Pierluigi Pompei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diaphragmatic Breathing ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Stress Pathway

Diaphragmatic breathing is relaxing and therapeutic, reduces stress, and is a fundamental procedure of Pranayama Yoga, Zen, transcendental meditation and other meditation practices. Analysis of oxidative stress levels in people who meditate indicated that meditation correlates with lower oxidative stress levels, lower cortisol levels and higher melatonin levels. It is known that cortisol inhibits enzymes responsible for the antioxidant activity of cells and that melatonin is a strong antioxidant; therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diaphragmatic breathing on exercise-induced oxidative stress and the putative role of cortisol and melatonin hormones in this stress pathway. We monitored 16 athletes during an exhaustive training session. After the exercise, athletes were divided in two equivalent groups of eight subjects. Subjects of the studied group spent 1 h relaxing performing diaphragmatic breathing and concentrating on their breath in a quiet place. The other eight subjects, representing the control group, spent the same time sitting in an equivalent quite place. Results demonstrate that relaxation induced by diaphragmatic breathing increases the antioxidant defense status in athletes after exhaustive exercise. These effects correlate with the concomitant decrease in cortisol and the increase in melatonin. The consequence is a lower level of oxidative stress, which suggests that an appropriate diaphragmatic breathing could protect athletes from long-term adverse effects of free radicals.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Inhibition of CCR2 Signaling Exacerbates Exercise-Induced Inflammation Independently of Neutrophil Infiltration and Oxidative Stress

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
Takaki Tominaga ◽  
Jiapeng Huang ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Humoral Factors ◽  
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽  
Pharmacological Inhibition ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Although exercise-induced humoral factors known as exerkines benefit systemic health, the role of most exerkines has not been investigated. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a representative chemokine whose circulating concentrations increase after exercise, and it is one of the exerkines. MCP-1 is a ligand for CC chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2), which is expressed on monocytes, macrophages, and muscle cells. However, there is no information on the role of CCR2 signaling in exercise. Therefore, to investigate the research question, we administrated CCR2 antagonist or PBS to mice to inhibit CCR2 signaling before and after exercise. Our results showed that CCR2 signaling inhibition promoted exercise-induced macrophage infiltration and inflammation 24 h after exercise in muscle. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in muscle. However, neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress had no contribution to exercise-induced inflammation by CCR2 signaling inhibition. CCR2 signaling inhibition also exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation immediately after exercise in kidney, liver, and adipose tissues. To summarize, pharmacological inhibition of CCR2 signaling exacerbated exercise-induced inflammation independently of neutrophil infiltration and oxidative stress.

High-intensity interval training attenuates the exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6 in response to acute exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Croft ◽  
Jonathan D. Bartlett ◽  
Don P.M. MacLaren ◽  
Thomas Reilly ◽  
Louise Evans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Carbohydrate Availability ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Exercise Induced

This aims of this study were to investigate the effects of carbohydrate availability during endurance training on the plasma interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α response to a subsequent acute bout of high-intensity interval exercise. Three groups of recreationally active males performed 6 weeks of high-intensity interval running. Groups 1 (LOW+GLU) and 2 (LOW+PLA) trained twice per day, 2 days per week, and consumed a 6.4% glucose or placebo solution, respectively, before every second training session and at regular intervals throughout exercise. Group 3 (NORM) trained once per day, 4 days per week, and consumed no beverage during training. Each group performed 50 min of high-intensity interval running at the same absolute workloads before and after training. Muscle glycogen utilization in the gastrocnemius muscle during acute exercise was reduced (p < 0.05) in all groups following training, although this was not affected by training condition. Plasma IL-6 concentration increased (p < 0.05) after acute exercise in all groups before and after training. Furthermore, the magnitude of increase was reduced (p < 0.05) following training. This training-induced attenuation in plasma IL-6 increase was similar among groups. Plasma IL-8 concentration increased (p < 0.05) after acute exercise in all groups, although the magnitude of increase was not affected (p > 0.05) by training. Acute exercise did not increase (p > 0.05) plasma TNF-α when undertaken before or after training. Data demonstrate that the exercise-induced increase in plasma IL-6 concentration in response to customary exercise is attenuated by previous exercise training, and that this attenuation appears to occur independent of carbohydrate availability during training.

Overloaded Training Increases Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress and Damage

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephane Palazzetti ◽  
Marie-Jeanne Richard ◽  
Alain Favier ◽  
Irene Margaritis
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Tbars Level ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Activity Increase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Leukocyte Dna Damage

We hypothesized that overloaded training (OT) in triathlon would induce oxidative stress and damage on muscle and DNA. Nine male triathletes and 6 male sedentary subjects participated in this study. Before and after a 4-week OT, triathletes exercised for a duathlon. Blood ratio of reduced vs. oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TEARS), leukocyte DNA damage, creatine kinase (CK), and CK-MB mass in plasma, erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, erythrocyte and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities, and plasma total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured before and after OT in pre- and postexercise situations. Triathletes were overloaded in response to OT. In rest conditions, OT induced plasma GSH-Px activity increase and plasma TAS decrease (both p < 0.05). In exercise conditions, OT resulted in higher exercise-induced variations of blood GSH/GSSG ratio, TBARS level (both p < 0.05), and CK-MB mass (p < 0.01) in plasma; and decreased TAS response (p < 0.05). OT could compromise the antioxidant defense mechanism with respect to exercise-induced response. The resulting increased exercise-induced oxidative stress and further cellular susceptibility to damage needs more study. Key words: lipid peroxidation, leukocyte DNA damage, antioxidant, triathlon

The Effect of Mindfulness Training on Athletes’ Flow: An Initial Investigation

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cian Aherne ◽  
Aidan P. Moran ◽  
Chris Lonsdale
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Mindfulness Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flow State ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Flow Experiences

This study investigated the relationship between mindfulness training (a nonjudgmental attentional training technique) and flow experiences in athletes. Participants were 13 university athletes (M = 21 years), assigned either to a control group or an experimental group. Flow experiences were assessed before and after the intervention. ANOVA (group x time) of global scores on the Flow State Scale-2 (FSS-2; Jackson & Eklund, 2004) showed a significant interaction (F = 11.49, p < .05). Follow-up t tests indicated no significant difference (p > .05) between the experimental and control groups’ FSS-2 global scores at the baseline training session, but a large difference (p < .05, d = 1.66) at a follow-up training session. Significant interaction effects were also observed for FSS-2 subscales scores for the flow dimensions of “Clear Goals” (F =18.73, p < .05) and “Sense of Control” (F = 14.61, p < .05). Following an evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of this study, the theoretical significance of the results is assessed and the promise for the application of mindfulness training in performance enhancement is discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of Nutrition on Short-Term Exercise-Induced Sirtuin Regulation: Vegans Differ from Omnivores and Lacto-Ovo Vegetarians

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arne Björn Potthast ◽  
Josefine Nebl ◽  
Paulina Wasserfurth ◽  
Sven Haufe ◽  
Julian Eigendorf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced

Both nutrition and exercise are known to affect metabolic regulation in humans. Sirtuins are essential regulators of cellular energy metabolism; SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT4 have a direct effect on glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation. This cross-sectional study investigates the effect of different diets on exercise-induced regulation of sirtuins. SIRT1 and SIRT3–SIRT5 were measured in blood from omnivorous, lacto-ovo vegetarian, and vegan recreational runners (21–25 subjects, respectively) before and after exercise at the transcript, protein, and enzymatic levels. SIRT1, SIRT3, and SIRT5 enzyme activities increased during exercise in omnivores and lacto-ovo vegetarians, commensurate with increased energy demand. However, activities decreased in vegans. Malondialdehyde as a surrogate marker of oxidative stress inversely correlated with sirtuin activities and was elevated in vegans after exercise compared to both other groups. A significant negative correlation of all sirtuins with the intake of the antioxidative substances, ascorbate and tocopherol, was found. In vegan participants, increased oxidative stress despite higher amounts of the antioxidative substances in the diet was observed after exercise.

Further Study of Interactive Effects of Amphetamine and Food Deprivation

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherwood O. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Food Dish

64 male Holtzman rats were randomly assigned to 16 independent amphetamine and food deprivation conditions to determine the interaction effects of the conditions on food consumption and contact time with the food dish. The results demonstrated a significant interaction effect of amphetamine and food deprivation on food consumption ( p < .05) and on contact time ( p < .01). The results were discussed in relation to previous findings of such an interaction effect, and it was concluded that the phenomenon demonstrates a considerable amount of generality.

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