scholarly journals The role of social factors in the successful ageing – Systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Takács ◽  
Csaba Nyakas
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
To Come ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Abstract Purpose Ageing is a complex phenomenon that should be studied in a multidisciplinary approach examining the biological, psychological, and social determinants in it. There is a lack of understanding of how social factors contribute to a better and healthier way of ageing. Based on previous studies social factors have a more essential role in ageing successfully. These factors have a significant influence on mental and physical health as well. The present review aims to collect the most researched social factors related to successful ageing and to examine the associations revealed between social factors and successful ageing. Materials/Methods We conducted a systematic review by the guidelines of the PRISMA statements. We examined the studies included by using a qualitative synthesis to identify the most important social factors and their role in successful ageing. Results In total, 18 original articles published in English between 2015 and 2020 were included in the review. The examined social factors related to successful ageing can be classified into four categories: Social engagement/participation, Social support, Social integration/network, and Socio-demographic/Socioeconomic factors. Social factors are modifiable and protective determinants, they could eliminate the negative effects of psychological factors while modifying the effects of physical determinants of ageing at the same time. Conclusions Our results have implications for future studies, as successful ageing should be examined in a multidimensional way. They should provide further evidence for the mediating/moderating importance of social factors which also have relevance in practice. Social factors could provide a quality life for years to come.

scholarly journals The Role of White Matter in the Neural Control of Swallowing: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Alvar ◽  
Rachel Hahn Arkenberg ◽  
Bethany McGowan ◽  
Hu Cheng ◽  
Georgia A. Malandraki
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
White Matter Lesions ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Senior Author ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
White Matter Damage

Background: Swallowing disorders (dysphagia) can negatively impact quality of life and health. For clinicians and researchers seeking to improve outcomes for patients with dysphagia, understanding the neural control of swallowing is critical. The role of gray matter in swallowing control has been extensively documented, but knowledge is limited regarding the contributions of white matter. Our aim was to identify, evaluate, and summarize the populations, methods, and results of published articles describing the role of white matter in neural control of swallowing.Methods: We completed a systematic review with a multi-engine search following PRISMA-P 2015 standards. Two authors screened articles and completed blind full-text review and quality assessments using an adapted U.S. National Institute of Health's Quality Assessment. The senior author resolved any disagreements. Qualitative synthesis of evidence was completed.Results: The search yielded 105 non-duplicate articles, twenty-two of which met inclusion criteria. Twenty were rated as Good (5/22; 23%) or Fair (15/22; 68%) quality. Stroke was the most represented diagnosis (n = 20; 91%). All studies were observational, and half were retrospective cohort design. The majority of studies (13/22; 59%) quantified white matter damage with lesion-based methods, whereas 7/22 (32%) described intrinsic characteristics of white matter using methods like fractional anisotropy. Fifteen studies (68%) used instrumental methods for swallowing evaluations. White matter areas commonly implicated in swallowing control included the pyramidal tract, internal capsule, corona radiata, superior longitudinal fasciculus, external capsule, and corpus callosum. Additional noteworthy themes included: severity of white matter damage is related to dysphagia severity; bilateral white matter lesions appear particularly disruptive to swallowing; and white matter adaptation can facilitate dysphagia recovery. Gaps in the literature included limited sample size and populations, lack of in-depth evaluations, and issues with research design.Conclusion: Although traditionally understudied, there is sufficient evidence to conclude that white matter is critical in the neural control of swallowing. The reviewed studies indicated that white matter damage can be directly tied to swallowing deficits, and several white matter structures were implicated across studies. Further well-designed interdisciplinary research is needed to understand white matter's role in neural control of normal swallowing and in dysphagia recovery and rehabilitation.

Accuracy and Applications of Lung Ultrasound to Diagnose Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Jönck Staub ◽  
Roberta Rodolfo Mazzali Biscaro ◽  
Rosemeri Maurici
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Clinical Score ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Diagnosis Accuracy ◽  
Ultrasound Score

Background: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an accurate tool to diagnose community-acquired pneumonia. However, it is not yet an established tool to diagnose ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Purpose: To assess the evidence about LUS in the diagnosis of VAP, we conducted a systematic review of the literature. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS. Two researchers independently selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) tool was used to assess the quality of the studies. In a qualitative synthesis, 3 questions guided the review: Q1. What are the sonographic signs of VAP? Q2. How can LUS be combined with others tests or signs of VAP? Q3. What is the role of LUS in VAP screening? Main Results: Three studies (n = 377 patients) with different designs were included. In terms of Q1, the 3 studies assessed the accuracy of sonographic consolidations. In patients suspected for VAP, lobar or hemilobar consolidation alone was not sufficient to diagnose VAP but seems useful to exclude it. The most useful signs were small subpleural consolidations (sensitivity: 81%; specificity: 41%) and dynamic air bronchograms (sensitivity: 44%; specificity: 81%). Two studies were assessed for Q2, when the 2 signs above were included in a clinical score (Ventilator-associated Pneumonia Lung Ultrasound Score associated with quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirate—VPLUS-EAquant), the accuracy was amplified (sensitivity: 48% and specificity: 97% for score ≥4; sensitivity: 78% and specificity: 77% for score ≥3 points). Finally, regarding Q3, no studies have assessed the use of LUS in screening of VAP. Conclusion: Small subpleural consolidations and dynamic air bronchograms were the most useful sonographic signs to diagnose VAP in suspected patients. Clinical scores including LUS had better diagnosis accuracy than LUS alone. There are no data on LUS for VAP screening.

scholarly journals The role of psychological and social factors in the relationship between attachment and suicide: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Green ◽  
Katherine Berry ◽  
Adam Danquah ◽  
Daniel Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Experiences of fathers of children with a life-limiting condition: a systematic review and qualitative synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjspcare-2021-003019
Author(s):  
Victoria Fisher ◽  
Lorna Fraser ◽  
Johanna Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Citation Index ◽  
Social Science Citation Index ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Role Conflicts ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Limiting Condition

BackgroundChildren with a life-limiting condition often require extensive and complex care, much of which is provided by their parents at home. There is a growing body of research that aims to understand the experiences of these parents, but the majority of this research is from mothers’ perspectives, meaning that fathers’ experiences are not well understood.ObjectivesTo identify and synthesise findings from existing qualitative studies that have explored the experiences of fathers of children with a life-limiting condition.MethodsA systematic review of qualitative research was conducted using thematic synthesis. Searches were conducted in MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Social Science Citation Index.ResultsFindings from 30 studies were included, representing the experiences of 576 fathers of children with a range of diagnoses including cancer, cystic fibrosis, genetic and neurological conditions. Themes detailed fathers’ experiences of uncertainty and shock around the time of their child’s diagnosis, their accounts of a ‘new normal’, difficulties in discussing their emotions, forming relationships with and seeking support from professionals and working fathers’ role conflicts. They discussed the life-changing nature of their child’s diagnosis, an event that affected all aspects of their lives from everyday activities, to their relationships, spirituality, values and ambitions.ConclusionsFathers experience many difficulties in response to their child’s diagnosis and ongoing treatment. Findings highlight the need for healthcare professionals to recognise individual family dynamics and the evolving role of the father. Fathers’ responses are not widely understood, and research that directly addresses their own well-being is warranted.

scholarly journals Nutrition in mental and physical health

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 67-77
Author(s):  
Aggeliki Zavitsanou ◽  
Athanasios Drigas
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Trans Fats ◽  
Daily Diet ◽  
Quality Life ◽  
The Right ◽  
Reducing Stress ◽  
Mental And Physical Health

Eating habits are crucial for human health. People around the world have health problems due to their diet. Malnutrition combined with a lack of essential nutrients and obesity with overconsumption of sugar is significant problems. For the most part, the human daily diet should include foods rich in vitamins, fatty acids, minerals, and trace elements. On the other hand, the consumption of substances such as sugar and trans fats causes negative effects on the human body. Fish, vegetables, and nuts are some of the food that contributes to good health. Also, specific foods help the hormones of happiness to increase in our body. This has the effect of reducing stress and increasing happiness. New technologies are a tool that can help individuals to maintain proper nutrition and good health. For example, through the iCTs applications, everyone can individually control his weight, physical exercise, and find the right combinations to have a better and more quality life without diseases.

scholarly journals 331 The Role of Prophylactic and Therapeutic Fasciotomy in Acute Limb Presentations

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ding ◽  
M Machin ◽  
S Onida ◽  
A Davies
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Complication Rates ◽  
Insufficient Evidence ◽  
Significant Morbidity ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Future Practice ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Introduction Acute compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that can be of traumatic or non-traumatic nature. Missed or delayed diagnosis can cause significant morbidity. The aim of this systematic review was to assess outcomes following prophylactic and therapeutic fasciotomies performed for acute limb presentations. Method This systematic review was undertaken following a predefined protocol registered with PROSPERO, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Searches of MEDLINE and Embase databases retrieved 623 articles; 19 articles were included in the study. A qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity between the studies. Results Overall mortality rates of 0–19 % were reported for traumatic causes and 24.5–27% for non-traumatic causes. In general, comparative studies reported lower amputation rates (0–21.7% vs 6.6–50%) and neurological deficit rates in the prophylactic versus therapeutic fasciotomy arms (8.8–18% vs 12.5–42%). Complication rates of up to 42% and 35% were reported in traumatic and non-traumatic cases respectively, which included wound infection, nerve injury and ischaemic contractures. Conclusions Prophylactic fasciotomies appear to have superior outcomes than therapeutic ones. There is insufficient evidence for a specific time cut-off for the performance of therapeutic fasciotomies; retrospective analysis of outcomes via a fasciotomy registry may help to guide future practice.

scholarly journals Use of Baricitinib in Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ananyan Sampath ◽  
Aditya Banerjee ◽  
Shubham Atal ◽  
Ratinder Jhaj
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Standard Treatment ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Independent Set ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Primary Screening ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Outcome Mortality

Objectives To assess the role of baricitinib alone or in combination with other therapies as a treatment for patients with COVID-19. Methods Systematic literature search was conducted in the WHO COVID-19 Coronavirus disease database to find clinical studies on use of baricitinib for treatment of COVID-19 between December 1st 2019 and September 30th 2021. Two independent set of reviewers identified the eligible studies fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and relevant data was extracted and a qualitative synthesis of evidence performed. The risk of bias was evaluated with validated tools. Results A total of 267 articles were found to be eligible after primary screening of title and abstracts. Following assessment of full texts, 19 studies were finally included for this systematic review, out of which 16 are observational, and 3 are interventional studies. Collating the results from these observational and interventional studies, baricitinib used as add on to standard therapy, either alone or in combination with other drugs, was found to have favourable outcomes in moderate to severe hospitalised patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, ongoing trials indicate that drug is being extensively studied across the world for its safety and efficacy in COVID-19. Conclusion Baricitinib significantly improves clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and further evidence may establish the drug as a standard treatment among such patients. Keywords: Baricitinib, JAK kinase inhibitor, SARS-Cov-2, COVID-19, Clinical outcome, Mortality

scholarly journals The rule "Al'aadah Muhakkamah" (Tradition was basic of law) and its impact on Jordanian social customs; COVID-19 model

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 994-1011
Author(s):  
Loiy Ahmad Al-Sheyab Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
What Is Said ◽  
Social Customs ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
Therapeutic Measures ◽  
To Come ◽  
Shed Light

This study aims to shed light on social phenomena and find out the implications for society, as this study is the first - to the extent of my knowledge - especially since it was researched from a legitimate perspective and the development of solutions and treatment them. However, societies stuck to them despite their negative effects,to come virus Covid 19 to change the compass. The study addressed the role of the jurisprudential rule "habit" in dealing with social phenomena in the time of Covid19, in an attempt to identify the aspects of these phenomena and know the extent of these phenomena and their causes and effects, to find a clear vision in societies by determining the extent of the penetration of these phenomena and their impact. However, the applications of these phenomena in the time of Covid 19 made the research and its results mainly in taking preventive and therapeutic measures and adhering to what is said by The Shariah, and the ability of societies to see these phenomena and customs. The study provided suggestions to ensure the continued elimination of these phenomena and overburdened habits, which were overcome in Covid 19.

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