Olivine electrode engineering impact on the electrochemical performance of lithium-ion batteries

High energy and power density lithium iron phosphate was studied for hybrid electric vehicle applications. This work addresses the effects of porosity in a composite electrode using a four-point probe resistivity analyzer, galvanostatic cycling, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The four-point probe result indicates that the porosity of composite electrode affects the electronic conductivity significantly. This effect is also observed from the cell's pulse current discharge performance. Compared to the direct current (dc) methods used, the EIS data are more sensitive to electrode porosity, especially for electrodes with low porosity values.

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Material Characterization and Analysis on the Effect of Vibration and Nail Penetration on Lithium Ion Battery

World Electric Vehicle Journal ◽

10.3390/wevj10040069 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 69

Author(s):

Ajeet Babu K. Parasumanna ◽

Ujjwala S. Karle ◽

Mangesh R. Saraf

Keyword(s):

Surface Morphology ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Dynamic Stiffness ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Internal Resistance ◽

Chemical Degradation ◽

Battery Pack ◽

A Cell

Battery packaging in a vehicle depends on the cell chemistry being used and its behavior plays an important role in the safety of the entire battery pack. Chemical degradation of various parts of a cell such as the cathode or anode is a concern as it adversely affects performance and safety. A cell in its battery pack once assembled can have two different mechanical abuse condition. One is the vibration generated from the vehicle and the second is the intrusion of external elements in case of accident. In this paper, a commercially available 32,700 lithium ion cell with lithium iron phosphate (LFP) chemistry is studied for its response to both the abuse conditions at two different states of charge (SoC). The primary aim of this study is to understand their effect on the surface morphology of the cathode and the anode. The cells are also characterized to study impedance behavior before and after being abused mechanically. The cells tested for vibration were also analyzed for dynamic stiffness. A microscopy technique such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the surface morphology and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) characterization was carried out to study the internal resistance of the cell. It was observed that there was a drop in internal resistance and increase in the stiffness after the cells subjected to mechanical abuse. The study also revealed different morphology at the center and at the corner of the cell subjected to nail penetration at 50% SoC.

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An Overview of Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.1363 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1363 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yixu Wang ◽

Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Lithium Ion Battery ◽

Cathode Materials ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

Rechargeable Batteries ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Energy Storage Devices

ABSTRACTThe need for the development and deployment of reliable and efficient energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion rechargeable batteries, is becoming increasingly important due to the scarcity of petroleum. In this work, we provide an overview of commercially available cathode materials for Li-ion rechargeable batteries and focus on characteristics that give rise to optimal energy storage systems for future transportation modes. The study shows that the development of lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries promises an alternative to conventional lithiumion batteries, with their potential for high energy capacity and power density, improved safety, and reduced cost. This work contributes to the fundamental knowledge of lithium-ion battery cathode materials and helps with the design of better rechargeable batteries, and thus leads to economic and environmental benefits.

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Nanomaterials for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy

Pure and Applied Chemistry ◽

10.1515/pac-2016-1204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 89 (8) ◽

pp. 1185-1194 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Irina A. Stenina ◽

Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev

Keyword(s):

Fuel Cells ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Electrode Materials ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Electronic Conductivity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Hydrogen Energy

Abstract Development of alternative energy sources is one of the main trends of modern energy technology. Lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells are the most important among them. The increase in the energy and power density is the essential aspect which determined their future development. We provide a brief review of the state of developments in the field of nanosize electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy. The presence of relatively inexpensive and abundant elements, safety and low volume change during the lithium intercalation/deintercalation processes enables the application of lithium iron phosphate and lithium titanate as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, they exhibit low ionic and electronic conductivity. To overcome this problem the following main approaches have been applied: use of nanosize materials, including nanocomposites, and heterovalent doping. Their impact in the property change is analyzed and discussed. Hybrid membranes containing inorganic nanoparticles enable a significant progress in the fuel cell development. Different approaches to their preparation, the reasons for ion conductivity and selectivity change, as well as the prospects for their application in low-temperature fuel cells are discussed. This review may provide some useful guidelines for development of advanced materials for lithium ion batteries and fuel cells.

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Lithium iron phosphate/carbon nanocomposite film cathodes for high energy lithium ion batteries

Electrochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.electacta.2010.11.050 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 2559-2565 ◽

Cited By ~ 38

Author(s):

Yanyi Liu ◽

Dawei Liu ◽

Qifeng Zhang ◽

Danmei Yu ◽

Jun Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Nanocomposite Film ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

Carbon Nanocomposite

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Silicon/Lithium Iron Phosphate Safe and High-Energy Density Lithium-Ion Cells: From Material Research to Demonstrator

ECS Meeting Abstracts ◽

10.1149/ma2016-03/2/864 ◽

2016 ◽

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Material Research ◽

Lithium Ion Cells

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Effect of Niobium Doping on Electrochemical Properties of Microwave Synthesized Carbon Coated Nanolithium Iron Phosphate for High Rate Underwater Applications

Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage ◽

10.1115/1.4041454 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

A. Srinivas Kumar ◽

T. V. S. L. Satyavani ◽

M. Senthilkumar ◽

P. S. V. Subba Rao

Keyword(s):

Solid Solution ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

High Rate ◽

X Ray ◽

Niobium Doping ◽

Carbon Coated

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) for lithium-ion batteries is considered as perfect cathode material for various military applications, especially underwater combat vehicles. For deployment at high rate applications, the low conductivity of LiFePO4 needs to be improved. Cationic substitution of niobium in the native carbon coated LiFePO4 is one of the methods to enhance the conductivity. In the present work, how the niobium doped solid solution could be formed is studied. Nanopowders of LiFePO4/C and Li1−xNbxFePO4/C (x = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.16) are synthesized from precursors using microwave synthesis. The solid solution formation up to (x = 0.15) Li1−xNbxFePO4/C without impurity phases is confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) results. Particle distribution is obtained by scanning electron microscope from the synthesized powders. Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) results qualitatively confirmed the presence of niobium. Also, direct current (dc) conductivities are measured using sintered pellets and activation energies are calculated using Arrhenius equation. The dependence of conductivity and activation energy of LiFePO4/C on variation of niobium doping is investigated in this study. CR2032 type coin cells are fabricated with the synthesized materials and subjected to cyclic voltammetry studies, rate capability and cycle life studies. Diffusion coefficients are obtained from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies. It is observed that room temperature dc conductivity improved by niobium doping when compared to LiFePO4/C (0.379 × 10−2 S/cm) and is maximum for Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (40.58 × 10−2 S/cm). It is also observed that diffusion coefficient of Li+ in Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C (13.306 × 10−9 cm2 s−1) improved by two orders of magnitude in comparison with the pure LiFePO4 (10 − 12 cm2 s−1) and carbon-coated nano LiFePO4/C (0.632 × 10−11 cm2 s−1). Cells with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C are able to deliver useful capacity of around 104 mAh/g at 10 C rate. More than 500 cycles are achieved with Li0.9Nb0.1FePO4/C at 20 C rate.

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Blended spherical lithium iron phosphate cathodes for high energy density lithium–ion batteries

Ionics ◽

10.1007/s11581-018-2566-7 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Liu ◽

Hao Liu ◽

Liwei An ◽

Xinxin Zhao ◽

Guangchuan Liang

Keyword(s):

Energy Density ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density

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Graphenised Lithium Iron Phosphate and Lithium Manganese Silicate Hybrid Cathodes: Potentials for Application in Lithium‐ion Batteries

Electroanalysis ◽

10.1002/elan.202060435 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (12) ◽

pp. 2982-2999

Author(s):

Zolani Myalo ◽

Chinwe Oluchi Ikpo ◽

Assumpta Chinwe Nwanya ◽

Miranda Mengwi Ndipingwi ◽

Samantha Fiona Duoman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Manganese Silicate ◽

Lithium Manganese

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A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP

Metals ◽

10.3390/met11010149 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 149

Author(s):

Alexandra Holzer ◽

Stefan Windisch-Kern ◽

Christoph Ponak ◽

Harald Raupenstrauch

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽

Process Development ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Iron Phosphate ◽

Recycling Process ◽

Subsequent Step ◽

Pre Treatment

The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine the high-temperature behavior of the cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide (LCO—chem., LiCoO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP—chem., LiFePO4) from LIB with carbon addition. For the purpose of continuous process development of a novel pyrometallurgical recycling process and adaptation of this to the requirements of the LIB material, two different reactor designs were examined. When treating LCO in an Al2O3 crucible, lithium could be removed at a rate of 76% via the gas stream, which is directly and purely available for further processing. In contrast, a removal rate of lithium of up to 97% was achieved in an MgO crucible. In addition, the basic capability of the concept for the treatment of LFP was investigated whereby a phosphorus removal rate of 64% with a simultaneous lithium removal rate of 68% was observed.

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