Thermoelectric Materials Discovery Using Combinatorial Chemistry

ABSTRACTTransparent conducting oxides have been previously investigated for both bulk and thin film thermoelectric applications, and have shown promising results due to their thermal stability and electrical conductivity. Alloys of two or more transparent conducting oxides have been deposited using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and combinatorial sputtering, and the resulting films were optimized for optical applications. In this study, thermoelectric materials were prepared by co-sputtering techniques, whereby a chemical gradient was formed across an alumina substrate that was patterned using photolithography to form hundreds of micro-thermocouples. The systems indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and zinc tin oxide (ZTO) were investigated for this purpose and the resulting combinatorial libraries were rapidly screened to establish room temperature resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and power factor as functions of both composition and heat treatment, in nitrogen and air ambients. Due to their chemical stability, oxidation resistance, and large Seebeck coefficients relative to metal thermocouples, these materials are ideal for temperature measurement or energy harvesting in harsh environments such as gas turbine engines.

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Indium Tin Oxide Alternatives-High Work Function Transparent Conducting Oxides as Anodes for Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Advanced Materials ◽

10.1002/1521-4095(200110)13:19<1476::aid-adma1476>3.0.co;2-y ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 1476-1480 ◽

Cited By ~ 204

Author(s):

J. Cui ◽

A. Wang ◽

N. L. Edleman ◽

J. Ni ◽

P. Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Work Function ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Organic Light Emitting Diodes ◽

Light Emitting ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Organic Light ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

High Work

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Fluorine doped zinc tin oxide multilayer transparent conducting Oxides for organic photovoltaic׳s Cells

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells ◽

10.1016/j.solmat.2014.11.021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 134 ◽

pp. 5-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Rina Pandey ◽

Chang Hwan Wie ◽

Xie Lin ◽

Ju Won Lim ◽

Kyung Kon Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tin Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

Zinc Tin Oxide

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Systematic Study of Transparent Conductors in the (Zinc, Gallium)-Indium-Tin Oxide Systems

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-508-309 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 508 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

George B. Palmer ◽

Kenneth R. Poeppelmeier ◽

Doreen D. Edwards ◽

Thomas O. Mason

Keyword(s):

Thin Film ◽

Solid State ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conductors ◽

Oxide Systems ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

State Processing

AbstractBulk samples of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) in the Zn-In-Sn and Ga-In-Sn oxide systems were prepared by solid state processing. Phase relations and physical properties were determined and the results compared to similar measurements on thin film materials.

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Low-Temperature Deposition of Transparent Conducting Films Applied to Flexible Electrochromic Devices

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14174959 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (17) ◽

pp. 4959

Author(s):

Ke-Ding Li ◽

Po-Wen Chen ◽

Kao-Shuo Chang

Keyword(s):

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Optical Transmittance ◽

Liquid Electrolyte ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting Films ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Zinc Tin Oxide ◽

Temperature Deposition

Here, we compare two different transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), namely indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc tin oxide (IZTO), fabricated as transparent conducting films using processes that require different temperatures. ITO and IZTO films were prepared at 230 °C and at room temperature, respectively, on glass and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates using reactive magnetron sputtering. Electrochromic WO3 films deposited on ITO-based and IZTO-based ECDs using vacuum cathodic arc plasma (CAP) were investigated. IZTO-based ECDs have higher optical transmittance modulation, ΔT = 63% [from Tbleaching (90.01%) to Tcoloration (28.51%)], than ITO-based ECDs, ΔT = 59%. ECDs consisted of a working electrochromic electrode (WO3/IZTO/PET) and a counter-electrode (Pt mesh) in a 0.2 M LiClO4/perchlorate (LiClO4/PC) liquid electrolyte solution with an active area of 3 cm × 4 cm a calculated bleaching time tc of 21.01 s and a coloration time tb of 4.7 s with varying potential from −1.3 V (coloration potential, Vc) to 0.3 V (bleaching potential, Vb).

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Methodology for the Selection of Technological Modes for the Synthesis of Transparent Conducting Oxides with Desired Properties

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1049.198 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 1049 ◽

pp. 198-203

Author(s):

Timur O. Zinchenko ◽

Ekaterina A. Pecherskaya ◽

Vladimir V. Antipenko ◽

Artem V. Volik ◽

Yuriy A. Varenik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Tin Dioxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Antimony Oxide ◽

Transparent Electrode ◽

Spray Pyrolysis Method ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

Automated Technology ◽

Zinc Aluminum Oxide

Transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) are widely used as a transparent electrode in various fields of opto-and semiconductor electronics. The main materials used today are indium-tin oxide, tin-antimony oxide and zinc-aluminum oxide. The authors have developed and improved the spray-pyrolysis method, which is one of the most promising methods of implementation in production. In this work, the study of tin dioxide doped with antimony coatings and the development of a methodology for the controlled synthesis of TCO, taking into account the effect of technological modes of deposition on the TCO parameters. The results of the performed studies contribute to the development of an automated technology for the synthesis of transparent conducting oxides with desired properties.

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Microstructural Study of Ultraviolet-Assisted Pulse Laser depoisted Indium Tin Oxide Films

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-721-j6.3 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 721 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nabil D. Bassim ◽

Valentin Craciun ◽

Doina Craciun ◽

Rajiv K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Tin Oxide ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Oxide Films ◽

Flat Panel Displays ◽

Thermal Budget ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

Deposited Film ◽

Tin Oxide Films ◽

Made In

AbstractIndium tin oxide is one of the most used transparent conducting oxides. In order to reduce the processing thermal budget and enhance compatibility of these films for such applications as transparent electrodes for solar cells and flat panel displays, lower deposition temperatures are desirable. The addition of a non-thermal energy source during deposition, in this case, a mercury lamp, has the ability to lower the required substrate temperature during processing while increasing the oxygen content of the deposited film through the added contribution of ionized species into the deposited material. We investigated the microstructure of UV-assisted pulsed laser deposited indium tin oxide films. Comparisons between the UV and non-UV films were made in order to judge the effectiveness of the UV radiation in achieving desirable properties.

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New n-Type Transparent Conducting Oxides

MRS Bulletin ◽

10.1557/mrs2000.149 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 25 (8) ◽

pp. 38-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 803

Author(s):

Tadatsugu Minami

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Indium Tin Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting ◽

Physical Deposition ◽

Impurity Doped ◽

Binary Compounds ◽

Conductive Thin Films

Most research to develop highly transparent and conductive thin films has focused on n-type semiconductors consisting of metal oxides. Historically, transparent conducting oxide (TCO) thin films composed of binary compounds such as SnO2 and In2O3 were developed by means of chemical- and physical-deposition methods. Impurity-doped SnO2 (Sb- or F-doped SnO2, e.g., SnO2:Sb or SnO2: F) and In2O3: Sn (indium tin oxide, ITO) films are in practical use. In addition to binary compounds, ternary compounds such as Cd2SnO4, CdSnO3, and CdIn2O4 were developed prior to 1980, but their TCO films have not yet been used widely.

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Fundamental Advances in Transparent Conducting Oxides

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-623-199 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 623 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Timothy J. Coutts ◽

David L. Young ◽

Xiaonan Li

Keyword(s):

Zinc Oxide ◽

Tin Oxide ◽

Ternary Phase Diagram ◽

Cadmium Oxide ◽

Transparent Conducting Oxides ◽

Early Years ◽

Large Area ◽

Scattering Parameter ◽

Conducting Oxides ◽

Transparent Conducting

AbstractIncreasingly large-volume markets for large-area, flat-panel displays and photovoltaic panels are likely to be established in the early years of the next century and transparent conducting oxides (TCOs) of improved opto-electronic properties will be required to enable some of these applications to be realized. Our work is focusing on improving both the fabrication-limited properties of the materials (extrinsic), and materials-limited properties (intrinsic). The emphasis on achieving improved electrical and optical properties hinges on achieving higher electron mobility via intrinsic and/or extrinsic properties. To this end, we have investigated the properties of several TCOs including cadmium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, cadmium stannate and zinc stannate. These may be deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or sputtering and we hope to establish the capability to fabricate compounds and alloys in the cadmium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide ternary phase diagram.The properties of the materials have been investigated using a wide variety of techniques including high-resolution electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction, as well as Mössbauer, Raman and UV/visible/NIR spectroscopies. We have measured the transport properties (conductivity, Hall, Seebeck and Nernst coefficients) and have obtained the effective mZLss, relaxation time, Fermi energy, and scattering parameter. This information has been obtained as a function of carrier concentration, which depends on the deposition and annealing procedures. We have found that the mobilities of free-electrons in the cadmiumbearing compounds are greatly superior to those in the other materials, because they have much longer electron relaxation times. In the case of cadmium oxide, there is also great benefit from a much lower effective mass. We are gaining a clearer understanding of the fundamental microscopic attributes needed for TCOs, which will be required in more-demanding, and rapidly emerging, applications.

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