High Efficiency Solar to Electric Energy Conversion through Spectrum Splitting and Multi-channel Full Spectrum Harvesting

2013 ◽  
Vol 1493 ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Zeng Broderick ◽  
Tiejun Zhang ◽  
Marco Stefancich ◽  
Brian R. Albert ◽  
Evelyn Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Splitting

ABSTRACTA system combining photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal approaches is designed to convert solar energy to electricity with high efficiency across the full solar spectrum. Concentrated solar spectrum is split into two parts: PV and thermal. The PV part of the spectrum is further split into several subbands directed to bandgap appropriate solar cells on an inexpensive Si substrate. Epitaxial Ge on Si is used as a virtual substrate for III-V semiconductor growth. At long and very short wavelengths where PV efficiency is low, solar radiation is directed to a high temperature thermal storage tank for electricity generation using heat engines. The potential of using PV waste heat due to thermalization of high energy photoelectrons for electricity generation is also investigated. Detailed optical and thermal analysis show that with optimized design and neglecting optical component loss, system power conversion efficiency can reach 56%, including more than 16% absolute contribution from thermal storage.

Solar Spectrum Splitting Parallel Junction High Efficiency Concentrating Photovoltaics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lirong Z. Broderick ◽  
Marco Stefancich ◽  
Dario Roncati ◽  
Brian R. Albert ◽  
Xing Sheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Linear Array ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Spectral Band ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Optical Loss ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Si Substrate ◽  
Spectrum Splitting

ABSTRACTA compact, single element concentrator comprising a near linear array of prisms has been designed to simultaneously split and concentrate the solar spectrum. Laterally aligned solar cells with different bandgaps are devised to be fabricated on a common Si substrate, with each cell absorbing a different spectral band optimized for highest overall power conversion efficiency. Epitaxial Ge on Si is used as a low cost virtual substrate for III-V materials growth. Assuming no optical loss for the prism concentrator, no shadowing and perfect carrier collection for the solar cells, simulations show that 39% efficiency can be achieved for a parallel four-junction (4PJ) InGaP-GaAs-Si-Ge cell under 200X concentration, and higher efficiency is possible with more junctions.

scholarly journals Photovoltaic Power Generation: The Impact of Nano-Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 608 ◽  
pp. 181-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Peaker ◽  
Vladimir P. Markevich
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Impurity Band ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Nano Materials ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Generation Capacity ◽  
The Impact

Solar power is seen by many as a solution to the world’s energy problems. The earth receives 1.7x1017W from the sun compared to a total electricity generation capacity of 4.6x1012W (OECD prediction for 2010). However the average power density is low with a daytime average over the earth of 680Wm-2. This makes centralised generation problematic but distributed photoelectric generation by domestic and commercial users is a rapidly developing market. However typical commercially available modules have an energy conversion efficiency of less than 12%. Silicon cells with 24% efficiency have been produced in the lab while multi-junction tandem cells using different semiconductor materials (GaInAs, GaInP and Ge) to absorb different parts of the sun’s spectrum have reached 40%. This chapter describes some of the materials and device achievements so far and looks at possible ways in which higher efficiencies might be achieved with particular emphasis on nano-materials to use more of the solar spectrum efficiently. The possibility of using quantum slicing and multiple exciton generation to make more efficient use of high energy photons is considered and impurity band generation as a possible route to use low energy photons. One of the greatest challenges is to do this cheaply using semiconductors made from non-toxic abundant elements.

Design for Mechanical Structure of Energy Recovery Damper

2013 ◽  
Vol 579-580 ◽  
pp. 349-352
Author(s):  
Zhong Yao Wu ◽  
Jian Bo Cao ◽  
Shi Ju E ◽  
Tian Feng Zhao ◽  
Chun Xiao Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Damping Force ◽  
Mechanical Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Suspension System

The traditional cars consume high energy and the energy of vibration is wasted. To solve these problems, a new energy recovery damper was designed by analyzing the principle of vibration energy recovery and the advantages of electroactive acrylic elastomer materials. The three-dimensional modeling was finished for the mechanical structure of the energy recovery damper. As an important constituent part of vehicle suspension system, the energy recovery damper was a nonlinear vibration system which contained elastic force and damping force. The system could generate random vibration with the drive of the sources such as pavement roughness and engine. The vibration energy can be recycled and stored into vehicle battery by the energy recovery damper. The energy could be saved by changing the vibration energy into electric energy. The energy recovery damper has the advantages of simple structure and high efficiency.

Amorphous solar cell on multilayer of SnO2/ZnO TCO substrate for full spectrum splitting solar cell application

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (7/8) ◽  
pp. 917-919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinae Kim ◽  
Dong-won Kang ◽  
Porponth Sichanugrist ◽  
Makoto Konagai
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cell ◽  
Fill Factor ◽  
Solar Spectrum ◽  
Thin Film Solar Cells ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Solar Cell Application ◽  
Splitting Technique ◽  
Spectrum Splitting ◽  
Hydrogenated Amorphous

To increase the performance of thin film solar cells, the solar spectrum splitting technique has been considered and studied. It was found from the simulation that the total efficiency of nearly 25% can be obtained at the splitting wavelength of 614 nm with the top cell using higher band gap material. The experiment has been carried out to verify the simulation results. Up to now a total efficiency of about 22.0% has been obtained using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and Cu(In1–x,Gax) as the top and bottom cells, respectively, at a splitting wavelength of 620 nm. In this study, we have developed a multilayer of transparent and conductive oxide (TCO) substrate of a-Si:H solar cell with better electrical properties especially improved fill factor and better electrical compatibility. This multilayer TCO is suitable for the splitting technique to enhance the performance at the short-wavelength of the top cell.

scholarly journals Electrical Efficiency Increase in CPVT Collectors by Spectral Splitting

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 8128
Author(s):  
Alois Resch ◽  
Robert Höller
Keyword(s):  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Receiver Design ◽  
Full Spectrum ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Increase ◽  
Modelling Methodology ◽  
Spectral Splitting

Concentrating photovoltaic-thermal (CPVT) collectors have to face the challenge of contrary temperature requirements in the single receiver parts. The PV cells require low temperatures to achieve high efficiency, whereas the thermal part should generate high temperatures for providing industrial heat. The approach of “Spectral Splitting” can offer a solution for compact CPVT receivers; however, a clear quantification of the expected conversion efficiency is difficult. Therefore, this paper describes a modelling methodology for obtaining electrical and thermal performance parameters for a Spectral Splitting configuration using semiconductor-doped glass combined with appropriate heat transfer fluid. The PV technologies c-Si, CIGS and CdTe are considered. The presented model yields distinct results for maximising the electrical efficiency, calculates the reduction in waste heat dissipation within the cells and assesses the impacts of concentration factor and cell temperature. An optimised configuration could be found with CIGS cells, impinged by a selected wavelength spectrum between 868 nm and 1100 nm, where the theoretical efficiency reaches 42.9%. The waste heat dissipation within the cells is reduced by 84.9%, compared to a full-spectrum operation. The depicted CPVT receiver design using bendable thin-film PV cells will be realised as a prototype in a subsequent project phase.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF ELECTRIC POWER TRANSMISSION IN THE SYSTEM OF WIRELESS CHARGING OF THE ELECTRIC VEHICLE'S BATTERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
O.D. Podoltsev ◽  
◽  
V.B. Pavlov ◽  
O.P. Zapadynchuk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Inductive Type ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Two Parameters

Theoretical researches of efficiency of electric energy transfer in the wireless charger of inductive type with serial resonance in circles of transmitting and receiving coils are carried out. It is shown that this efficiency depends on the parameter (the product of the magnetic coupling coefficient and the Q- factor of the coils) and the ratio of the active resistances of the battery and the coil. It is shown that there is an optimal value of this ratio, at which the efficiency of the device is maximum (when ) and its value increases monotonically with increasing parameter . Moreover, to achieve an efficiency greater than 0.8, it is necessary to have a system of coils with a value of 10. The graphical dependences that determine the value of this efficiency as a function of these two parameters and set the allowable interval for changing the resistance ratio in terms of high energy efficiency. Numerical calculation of the high-frequency magnetic field (with an operating frequency of 100 kHz) generated by the coils was performed, in two cases - in the absence of shielding and in the presence of aluminum electromagnetic screens and showed high efficiency of such screens. The peculiarity of the calculation is that to determine the values of complex currents in both coils, which depend on the mode of operation of the whole device, use their preliminary calculation based on the created Simulink-model of the device. References 14, figures 5, table 2.

Theory and practice of implementation of high energy efficient technologies in construction based on Thermaron heat generators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeriy Kazeykin ◽  
Vladimir Tolstolugov
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Commercial Real Estate ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Efficient Technology ◽  
Energy Efficient Technology

The monograph summarizes the legislative and regulatory framework, as well as shows the theory and practice of energy saving and energy efficiency development in Russia and in the world with the actualization of the use of a breakthrough domestic high-energy-efficient technology based on molecular heat generators Termaron. These devices use the principles of hydrolysis, cavitation, magnetism, resonance and synergy of these processes. The results of research conducted with the participation of specialists from Dubna state University, as well as the practice of using the Termaron ATP, showed that its operation provides a high efficiency in the use of electric energy, equal to 0.98, and the coefficient of conversion of electric energy to heat is from 2.3 to 4.6 (on average, 3.45). At the same time, the cost of heat energy and hot water supply is two to three times lower compared to traditional types of heat generating devices. It is intended for representatives of government authorities, University teachers, scientific and practical specialists in the field of design, construction and operation of energy-efficient residential and commercial real estate, state and municipal employees, managers and employees of development companies, students, masters, postgraduates and other specialists interested in improving their competencies in the field of energy efficiency based on domestic innovative breakthrough technologies in Russia and abroad.

The ORegen™ Waste Heat Recovery Cycle: Reducing the CO2 Footprint by Means of Overall Cycle Efficiency Improvement

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Del Turco ◽  
Antonio Asti ◽  
Alberto Scotti Del Greco ◽  
Alessandro Bacci ◽  
Giacomo Landi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Turbines ◽  
Heat Recovery ◽  
Waste Heat Recovery ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Recovery Cycle ◽  
Plant Efficiency

The growing concern for the role of man-made CO2 emissions with respect to global warming combined with the large increase in energy demand spurred by developing nations and a growing global population that is foreseen over the next 15 years have recently turned attention to potential CO2-neutral energy supply solutions. Waste heat recovery cycles applied to fossil fueled plants offer a local zero-emission solution to producing additional electric energy, thereby increasing the overall plant efficiency with a considerable reduction in the emission of CO2 per unit of energy produced. GE Oil & Gas with GE Global Research Europe has developed a new and attractive solution for recovering waste heat energy from a variety of thermal sources ranging from reciprocating combustion engines to gas turbines. This new recovery cycle is called ORegen™. The ORegen™ recovery cycle is a rankine cycle, with superheating, that recovers waste heat and converts it into electric energy by means of a double closed loop system. The ORegen™ system represents one of the very few viable solutions for recovering heat from sources (such as mechanical drive gas turbines) whose load may vary dramatically over time or where the equipment is located at a site where water is not readily available. For the temperature range of interest, a thorough comparison between many working fluids was performed, leading to the conclusion that the substance that delivers the highest efficiency is Cyclopentane. A high-efficiency Rankine cycle based on such a working fluid places a particularly high demand on the expansion ratio, which influences some of the basic architectural choices of the expander machine. This article introduces the ORegen™ recovery cycle and describes the process used in GE Oil & Gas to design the family of double supersonic stage turboexpanders, covering the power range of 2–17MW. Examples of the application of the ORegen™ cycle to gas turbine are also provided to demonstrate attractive opportunities to increase the overall plant efficiency.

Current progress and performance improvement of Pt/C catalysts for fuel cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (46) ◽  
pp. 24284-24306
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Ren ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Anmin Liu ◽  
Zhihong Zhang ◽  
Qianyuan Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Energy Conversion ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carnot Cycle ◽  
High Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
And Performance

Fuel cell is an electrochemical device, which can directly convert the chemical energy of fuel into electric energy, without heat process, not limited by Carnot cycle, high energy conversion efficiency, no noise and pollution.

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