Hydrothermal Synthesis of Nanorods/Nanoparticles TiO2 for Photocatalytic Activity and Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Applications

2006 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorapong Pavasupree ◽  
Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian ◽  
Yoshikazu Suzuki ◽  
Susumu Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
20 Nm

ABSTRACTNanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 150 °C for 20 h. The samples characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, HRTEM, and BET surface area. The nanorods had diameter about 10-20 nm and the lengths of 100-200 nm, the nanoparticles had diameter about 5-10 nm. The prepared material had average pore diameter about 7-12 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume of the sample are about 203 m2/g and 0.655 cm3/g, respectively. The nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure showed higher photocatalytic activity (I3− concentration) than the nanorods TiO2, nanofibers TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, and commercial TiO2 (ST-01, P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03). The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure was about 7.12 % with Jsc of 13.97 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.73 V and ff of 0.70; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82 % with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.704 V and ff of 0.649.

Synthesis, Characterization, Photocatalytic Activity and Dye-sensitized Solar Cell Performance of Nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2

2006 ◽  
Vol 974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorapong Pavasupree ◽  
Susumu Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Solar Cell Performance ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Prepared Material ◽  
20 Nm

ABSTRACTNanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 150 °C for 20 h. The samples characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, HRTEM, and BET surface area. The nanorods had diameter about 10-20 nm and the lengths of 100-200 nm, the nanoparticles had diameter about 5-10 nm. The prepared material had average pore diameter about 7-12 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume of the sample are about 203 m2/g and 0.655 cm3/g, respectively. The nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure showed higher photocatalytic activity (I3- concentration) than the nanorods TiO2, nanofibers TiO2, mesoporous TiO2, and commercial TiO2 (ST-01, P-25, JRC-01, and JRC-03). The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 with mesoporous structure was about 7.12 % with Jsc of 13.97 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.73 V and ff of 0.70; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82 % with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.704 V and ff of 0.649.

Use of High Surface Area TiO2 Nanosheet in Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

2006 ◽  
Vol 951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sorapong Pavasupree ◽  
Supachai Ngamsinlapasathian ◽  
Yoshikazu Suzuki ◽  
Susumu Yoshikawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Energy Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency

ABSTRACTHigh surface area nanosheet TiO2 with mesoporous structure were synthesized by hydrothermal method at 130 °C for 12 h. The samples characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, SAED, and BET surface area. The nanosheet structure was slightly curved and approximately 50-100 nm in width and several nanometers in thickness. The as-synthesized nanosheet TiO2 had average pore diameter about 3-4 nm. The BET surface area and pore volume of the sample were about 642 m2/g and 0.774 cm3/g, respectively. The solar energy conversion efficiency (η) of the cell using nanorods/nanoparticles TiO2 (from the nanosheet calcined at 450 °C for 2 h) with mesoporous structure was about 7.08 % with Jsc of 16.35 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.703 V and ff of 0.627; while η of the cell using P-25 reached 5.82 % with Jsc of 12.74 mA/cm2, Voc of 0.704V and ff of 0.649.

Effects of mesoporous structure on grain growth of nanostructured tungsten oxide

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2687-2693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lay Gaik Teoh ◽  
Jiann Shieh ◽  
Wei Hao Lai ◽  
Min Hsiung Hon
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

The effects of mesoporous structure on grain growth were investigated in this study. The synthesis was accomplished using block copolymer as the organic template and tungsten chloride as the inorganic precursor. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, x-ray diffractometry (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms were used to characterize the microstructures obtained for different temperatures. TGA and XRD analyses demonstrate that copolymers were expelled at 150–250 °C, and mesoporous structure was stable up to 350 °C. The pore diameter and the surface area evaluated from the Barrett-Joyner-Halenda model and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller method indicated that the average pore diameter is 4.11 nm and specific surface area is 191.5 m2/g for 250 °C calcination. Arrhenius equation used to calculate the activation energy for grain growth demonstrates that the activation energy for grain growth was about 38.1 kJ/mol before mesostructure collapse and 11.3 kJ/mol after collapse. These results show evidence of two different mechanisms governing the process of grain growth. The presence of the pore can be related to the obstacle for grain growth.

Effect of MgO Addition on the Properties of Ni/Al2O3 and Its Catalytic Activity in Hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 796-796
Author(s):  
Guosheng Wang Guosheng Wang ◽  
Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han Xinxin Zhao and Siyu Han
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Supported Catalysts ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
High Catalytic Activity ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Al2o3 Support ◽  
Raney Ni

the nickel based alumina-supported catalysts modified or promoted by magnesia were prepared by wet impregnation and successfully used for hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine, the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples exhibits the highest BET surface area, the largest pore volume, and the largest pore diameter in all of the samples such as Ni/Al2O3 and 20Ni-xMgO(80-x)Al2O3 excepted the highest BET surface area of Ni/Al2O3. the average pore diameter of the 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 samples were two times as large as Ni/Al2O3, it was indicated that the function of expanding role or the mesoporosity was increased by addition of MgO, and MgO might be regarded as pore-enlarge agent for the bare Al2O3 support and benefit for the transport of large molecules reactants and products The weak formation of MgO-Al2O3 and MgO-NiO solid solution as a result of competing interaction of MgO with Al2O3 support and NiO precursors restrained the strong interaction of NiO species with Al2O3 support, which favored the dispersion of active Ni centers and improved the reducible degree of NiO species on the surface of the catalysts. The improvement of basicity or the decrease in the number of acid centers in the catalysts avoid the secondary reactions, and subsequently resulted in high catalytic activity. The utilization of meso-porous 20Ni-6MgO/74Al2O3 for catalytic hydrogenation of N-(2`,3`-dimethoxy benzyl)-3,4-dioxy-methylene-phenylethylamine(Shiff’s base) with the highest selectivity of 99.70% and yields of 94.36% implied that the instead of Raney Ni was feasible.

GRANULAR-ACTIVATED CARBON FROM MUKAH COAL USING CARBON DIOXIDE ACTIVATION

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Nasir Ani ◽  
Muhammad Mat Junoh ◽  
Zarina Ab Muis
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Average Pore Diameter ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
One Step

A study was conducted on Mukah coal using fixed bed reactor and one step activation with varying resident time and temperatures. CO2 gas was used for the activation process. The one-step continuous process comprised of carbonization and activation processes. The burn off analysis for 80 grams of Mukah coal was done to obtain volatiles removal at various carbonization temperatures. The results obtained showed that at 900oC, the percentages of burn off and the remaining weight were 42.2% and 57.8% respectively. Micrometrics ASAP2010 was used to analyze Mukah coal activated carbon in obtaining the BET surface area, the micropore area, and the average pore diameter. The results obtained indicated that activation at 900oC gave the highest BET surface area with 675m2/g, while the highest micropore area with 427 m2/g was obtained at 800oC. In addition, the average pore diameter range was within 18.5 to 26.4 A. 

Preparation of High Surface Area Anatase TiO2 by a Low Temperature Hydrothermal Process

2011 ◽  
Vol 299-300 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Mei Zhen Gao ◽  
Zhi Rong Zhang ◽  
Wen Li ◽  
Wen Bao Liu ◽  
Bing Jun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Average Pore Diameter ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Pure anatase TiO2spheres with mesoporous structure were prepared by a simple urea assisted hydrothermal process at low temperature. The characterization of TiO2was examined by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), N2adsorption-desorption and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). The TEM and N2adsorption-desorption results confirmed that TiO2spheres has a mesoporous structure. The surface area of TiO2annealed at 400 °C is up to 302.3 m2/g with average pore diameter about 4.1 nm. While after annealed at 500 °C, the average pore diameter of TiO2is about 6.8 nm, but the surface area reduces to 142.6 m2/g

Experimental Research on the Preparation of Porous Activated Carbon from Orange Wastes

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 1907-1910
Author(s):  
Zhi Gang Xie
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Heat Preservation

Porous activated carbon was prepared from orange wastes using zinc chloride as an activating agent by one-step carbonization method. Effects of impregnation ratio, carbonization temperature and heat preservation time on pore characteristics of activated carbon were studied. The porous structures of the orange wastes activated carbon were investigated by BET, D-R equations, BJH equations and Kelvin theory. The morphology was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mesoporous activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 3:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has total pore volume 2.098 cm3/g, mesoporous pore volume 1.438 cm3/g, with a high BET surface area 1476m2/g. The pore distribution of the mesoporous activated carbon is very concentrative, with average pore diameter of 3.88nm. While, the high specific surface area activated carbon is gained when the impregnation ratio is 2:1; the carbonization temperature is 550°Cand heat preservation time is 1.0 h. The activated carbon has high BET surface area 1909 m2/g, while the total pore volume is only 1.448cm3/g and microporous pore volume is 0.889cm3/g, with average pore diameter of 2.29 nm.

scholarly journals Structural Characterization and Adsorption Capability of Carbonaceous Matters Extracted from Carbonaceous Gold Concentrate

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Huiqun Niu ◽  
Hongying Yang ◽  
Linlin Tong
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Mesoporous Structure ◽  
Average Pore Diameter ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Complex Organic Compound

In this paper, the structures of element carbon and humic acid extracted from carbonaceous gold concentrate were characterized employing a variety of analytical methods. The extracted amounts of ECE (elemental carbon extract) and HAE (humic acid extract) were 14.84–38.50 and 11.55–28.05 mg g−1, respectively. SEM and porosity analysis indicated that ECE occurred mostly as irregular blocky particles with a mesoporous surface with the average pore diameter being 31.42 nm. The particle size of ECE was mainly ranged from 5.5 to 42 μm and the specific surface area was 20.35 m2 g−1. The physicochemical features and structure of ECE were close to activated carbon, and the crystallinity was slightly lower than graphite. The particle size distribution of HAE varied from 40 to 400 nm with the specific surface area of 42.84 m2 g−1, whereas the average pore diameter of HAE was 2.97 nm. FTIR and UV–VIS analyses indicated that HAE was a complex organic compound containing the enrichment of oxygen-containing structure. The results showed that the adsorption amounts of ECE and HAE under the acidic conditions were 470.46 and 357.60 mg g−1, respectively. In an alkaline environment, the amount of ECE was 449.02 mg g−1 and the value of HAE was 294.72 mg g−1. ECE mainly utilized the outer surface and mesoporous structure to adsorb gold, while the functional groups’ complexation or surface site adsorption was the leading approach for HAE to adsorb gold.

Adsorption characteristics of benzene on biosolid adsorbent

2003 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
C. Hung-Lung ◽  
T.-C. Chen ◽  
M.-C. Tsai ◽  
Y.-L. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Pore Size Analysis ◽  
Different Temperatures

This study selected biosolids from a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant as the raw material. The sludge was immersed in 0 to 5 mol l-1 of ZnCl2 solutions and pyrolyzed at different temperatures. When the sludge was pyrolyzed for 30 min at temperatures of 400, 500, 600, and 700°C, the corresponding surface area of the biosolid adsorbent was 46, 401, 921, and 727 m2/g, respectively. Pore size analysis indicated that the mesopore (20 to 500 Å) contributed more than the macropore and micropore in the sludge pyrolytic residue. When the benzene influent concentration was 800 ppmv, the adsorption capacity ranged from 59 to 164 mg/g for different biosolid adsorbents. A larger BET surface area and smaller average pore diameter yielded a larger benzene adsorption capacity.

Fuels Desulphurisation by Adsorbtion on Fe / Bentonite

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-486
Author(s):  
Constantin Sorin Ion ◽  
Mihaela Bombos ◽  
Gabriel Vasilievici ◽  
Dorin Bombos
Keyword(s):  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Pore Volume ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Continuous System ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Average Pore ◽  
Atmospheric Distillation

Desulfurisation of atmospheric distillation gasoline and gas oil was performed by adsorption process on Fe/ bentonite. The adsorbent was characterized by determining the adsorption isotherms, specific surface area, pore volume and average pore diameter. Adsorption experiments of atmospheric distillation gasoline and gas oil were performed in continuous system at 280�320oC, 5 atm and volume hourly space velocities of 1�2 h-1. The efficiency of adsorption on Fe / bentonite was better at desulphurisation of gasoline versus gas oil.

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