Micromachined Linear Brownian Motor: A Nanosystem Exploting Brownian Motion of Nanobeads for Uni-directional Transport

2008 ◽  
Vol 1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersin Altintas ◽  
Edin Sarajlic ◽  
Karl F. Bohringer ◽  
Hiroyuki Fujita
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Switching Sequence ◽  
Brownian Motor ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Random Fluctuations ◽  
Directional Transport

AbstractNanosystems operating in liquid media may suffer from random thermal fluctuations. Some natural nanosystems, e.g. biomolecular motors, which survive in an environment where the energy required for bio-processes is comparable to thermal energy, exploit these random fluctuations to generate a controllable unidirectional movement. Inspired by the nature, a transportation system of nanobeads achieved by exploiting Brownian motion were proposed and realized. This decreases energy consumption and saves the energy compared to ordinal pure electric or magnetic drive. In this paper we present a linear Brownian motor with a 3-phase electrostatic rectification aimed for unidirectional transport of nanobeads in microfluidic channels. The transport of the beads is performed in 1 μm deep, 2 μm wide PDMS microchannels, which constrain three-dimensional random motion of nanobeads into 1D fluctuation, so-called tamed Brownian motion. We have experimentally traced the rectified motion of nanobeads and observed the shift in the beam distribution as a function of applied voltage. The detailed computational analysis on the importance of switching sequence on the speed performance of motor is performed and compared with the experimental results showing a good agreement.

Distribution of random motion at renewal instants in three-dimensional space

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-573
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Pogorui ◽  
Ramón Rodrĭguez-Dagnino
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Ideal Gas ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Particle Position ◽  
Brownian Particles ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Isotropic Random ◽  
Three Dimensional Space

In physics, chemistry, and mathematics, the process of Brownian motion is often identified with the Wiener process that has infinitesimal increments. Recently, many models of Brownian motion with finite velocity have been intensively studied. We consider one of such models, namely, a generalization of the Goldstein--Kac process to the three-dimensional case with the Erlang-2 and Maxwell--Boltzmann distributions of velocities alternations. Despite the importance of having a three-dimensional isotropic random model for the motion of Brownian particles, numerous research efforts did not lead to an expression for the probability of the distribution of the particle position, the motion of which is described by the three-dimensional telegraph process. The case where a particle carries out its movement along the directions determined by the vertices of a regular $n+1$-hedron in the $n$-dimensional space was studied in \cite{Samoilenko}, and closed-form results for the distribution of the particle position were obtained. Here, we obtain expressions for the distribution function of the norm of the vector that defines particle's position at renewal instants in semi-Markov cases of the Erlang-2 and Maxwell--Boltzmann distributions and study its properties. By knowing this distribution, we can determine the distribution of particle positions, since the motion of a particle is isotropic, i.e., the direction of its movement is uniformly distributed on the unit sphere in ${\mathbb R}^3$. Our results may be useful in studying the properties of an ideal gas.

Casimir forces and vacuum energy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge Reynaud ◽  
Astrid Lambrecht
Keyword(s):  
Casimir Force ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Vacuum Field ◽  
Force Measurements ◽  
Casimir Forces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Field Fluctuations

The Casimir force is an effect of quantum vacuum field fluctuations, with applications in many domains of physics. The ideal expression obtained by Casimir, valid for perfect plane mirrors at zero temperature, has to be modified to take into account the effects of the optical properties of mirrors, thermal fluctuations, and geometry. After a general introduction to the Casimir force and a description of the current state of the art for Casimir force measurements and their comparison with theory, this chapter presents pedagogical treatments of the main features of the theory of Casimir forces for one-dimensional model systems and for mirrors in three-dimensional space.

The Fluctuating Lattice Boltzmann

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sauro Succi
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Directed Motion ◽  
Statistical Fluctuations ◽  
Lattice Boltzmann Models ◽  
Motion Versus ◽  
The Way

Fluid flow at nanoscopic scales is characterized by the dominance of thermal fluctuations (Brownian motion) versus directed motion. Thus, at variance with Lattice Boltzmann models for macroscopic flows, where statistical fluctuations had to be eliminated as a major cause of inefficiency, at the nanoscale they have to be summoned back. This Chapter illustrates the “nemesis of the fluctuations” and describe the way they have been inserted back within the LB formalism. The result is one of the most active sectors of current Lattice Boltzmann research.

scholarly journals POSSIBILITY OF FORMING A LARGE DCC IN ULTRA-RELATIVISTIC HEAVY-ION COLLISIONS

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 2269-2288
Author(s):  
SANATAN DIGAL ◽  
RAJARSHI RAY ◽  
SUPRATIM SENGUPTA ◽  
AJIT M. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Chiral Condensate ◽  
Relativistic Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Chiral Field ◽  
Heavy Nuclei ◽  
True Vacuum

We demonstrate the possibility of forming a single, large domain of disoriented chiral condensate (DCC) in a heavy-ion collision. In our scenario, rapid initial heating of the parton system provides a driving force for the chiral field, moving it away from the true vacuum and forcing it to go to the opposite point on the vacuum manifold. This converts the entire hot region into a single DCC domain. Subsequent rolling down of the chiral field to its true vacuum will then lead to emission of a large number of (approximately) coherent pions. The requirement of suppression of thermal fluctuations to maintain the (approximate) coherence of such a large DCC domain, favors three-dimensional expansion of the plasma over the longitudinal expansion even at very early stages of evolution. This also constrains the maximum temperature of the system to lie within a window. We roughly estimate this window to be about 200–400 MeV. These results lead us to predict that extremely high energy collisions of very small nuclei (possibly hadrons) are better suited for observing signatures of a large DCC. Another possibility is to focus on peripheral collisions of heavy nuclei.

Magneto convective flow of casson nanofluid due to Stefan blowing in the presence of bio-active mixers

2021 ◽  
pp. 239779142110166
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Puneeth ◽  
Sarpabhushana Manjunatha ◽  
Bijjanal Jayanna Gireesha ◽  
Rama Subba Reddy Gorla
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Convective Flow ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Induced Magnetic Field ◽  
Density Profiles ◽  
Casson Nanofluid ◽  
And Brownian Motion ◽  
Similarity Transformations ◽  
The Mathematical Model

The induced magnetic field for three-dimensional bio-convective flow of Casson nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms along a vertical stretching sheet is investigated. The movement of these microorganisms cause bioconvection and they act as bio-active mixers that help in stabilising the nanoparticles in the suspension. The two forces, Thermophoresis and Brownian motion are incorporated in the Mathematical model along with Stefan blowing. The resulting model is transformed to ordinary differential equations using similarity transformations and are solved using [Formula: see text] method. The Velocity, Induced Magnetic field, Temperature, Concentration of Nanoparticles, and Motile density profiles are interpreted graphically. It is observed that the Casson parameter decreases the flow velocity and enhances the temperature, concentration, and motile density profiles and also it is noticed that the blowing enhances the nanofluid profiles whereas, suction diminishes the nanofluid profiles. On the other hand, it is perceived that the rate of heat conduction is enhanced with Thermophoresis and Brownian motion.

Ratchet Effect and Particle Diffusion in an Underdamped Inhomogeneous Periodic Potential System

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11
Author(s):  
Shantu Saikia ◽  
◽  
Francis Iawphniaw
Keyword(s):  
Periodic Potential ◽  
Thermal Fluctuations ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Diffusion ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Ratchet Effect ◽  
External Bias ◽  
Potential System ◽  
Constructive Work ◽  
Random Fluctuations

Thermal fluctuations or noise assisted particle dynamics in a driven underdamped inhomogeneous periodic potential system is studied. This forms an archetypal model to study different Physical and Biological processes in the microscopic domain. The particles are shown to exhibit directed transport aided by these fluctuations without the application of any external bias. This phenomenon, also known as ratchet effect, is a counterintuitive phenomenon in which systems in the microscopic domain harnesses the energy of the random fluctuations to do constructive work. Also in the presence of random thermal fluctuations or noise, the particles undergo diffusion, the amount of which can be controlled by controlling the different parameters of the system. This can have important technological applications.

A Stochastic Hierarchical Population System: Excitement, Extinction and Transition to Chaos

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Bashkirtseva ◽  
Tatyana Perevalova ◽  
Lev Ryashko
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Parameters ◽  
Top Predator ◽  
Population System ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Transition To Chaos ◽  
Random Fluctuations

A problem of the mathematical modeling and analysis of noise-induced transformations of complex oscillatory regimes in hierarchical population systems is considered. As a key example, we use a three-dimensional food chain dynamical model of the interacting prey, predator, and top predator. We perform a comparative study of the impacts of random fluctuations on three key biological parameters of prey growth, predator mortality, and the top predator growth. A detailed investigation of the stochastic excitement, noise-induced transition from order to chaos, and various scenarios of extinction is carried out. Constructive abilities of the semi-analytical method of confidence domains in the analysis of the noise-induced extinction are demonstrated.

Electrical Characteristics and Device Applications of Zone-Melting-Recrystallized Si Films on SiO2

1982 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
B-Y. Tsaur ◽  
John C. C. Fan ◽  
M. W. Geis ◽  
R. L. Chapman ◽  
S. R. J. Brueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Zone Melting ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Electrical Characteristics ◽  
Mos Capacitors ◽  
Test Circuit ◽  
Speed Performance ◽  
Thin Film Resistors ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Si Films

ABSTRACTDevice-quality Si films have been prepared by using graphite strip heaters for zone melting poly-Si films deposited on SiO2-coated substrates. The electrical characteristics of these films have been studied by the fabrication and evaluation of thin-film resistors, Mosfets and MOS capacitors. High yields of functional transistor arrays and ring oscillators with promising speed performance have been obtained for CMOS test circuit chips fabricated in recrystallized Si films on 2-inch-diameter Si wafers. Dualgate Mosfets with a three-dimensional structure have been fabricated by using the zone-melting recrystallization technique.

scholarly journals Three dimensional distribution of Brownian motion extrema

Stochastics ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Escobar ◽  
Sebastian Ferrando ◽  
Xianzhang Wen
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Distribution

scholarly journals A four-dimensional random motion at finite speed

2006 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 1107-1118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander D. Kolesnik
Keyword(s):  
Brownian Motion ◽  
Poisson Process ◽  
Transition Density ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Characteristic Functions ◽  
Conditional Distributions ◽  
Continuous Component ◽  
Absolutely Continuous ◽  
Finite Speed ◽  
Uniform Law

We consider the random motion of a particle that moves with constant finite speed in the space ℝ4 and, at Poisson-distributed times, changes its direction with uniform law on the unit four-sphere. For the particle's position, X(t) = (X1(t), X2(t), X3(t), X4(t)), t > 0, we obtain the explicit forms of the conditional characteristic functions and conditional distributions when the number of changes of directions is fixed. From this we derive the explicit probability law, f(x, t), x ∈ ℝ4, t ≥ 0, of X(t). We also show that, under the Kac condition on the speed of the motion and the intensity of the switching Poisson process, the density, p(x,t), of the absolutely continuous component of f(x,t) tends to the transition density of the four-dimensional Brownian motion with zero drift and infinitesimal variance σ2 = ½.

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