Vacuum Electroreflectance: Overcoming the Difficulties of Electrolyte Electroreflectance and Photoreflectance

1992 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia L. Mioc ◽  
Paul M. Raccah ◽  
James W. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Precise Positioning ◽  
Si Doping ◽  
Piezoelectric Motors ◽  
A New Technique

ABSTRACTA new technique for obtaining the electroreflectance (ER) spectrum, Vacuum Electroreflectance (VER), is introduced. In VER, the modulating electric field is applied capacitively using a transparent electrode as one plate and the sample as the other plate, with vacuum in between. In this geometry, cooling or heating is achieved without any sample preparation. Precise positioning is achieved by piezoelectric motors monitored by a HeNe interferometer, and cooling to 80 K by the Joule-Thompson effect. GaAs samples with different Si doping are used to compare VER to Electrolyte ER and Photoreflectance.

scholarly journals A Balloon Sounding Technique for Measuring SO2 Plumes

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1318-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary A. Morris ◽  
Walter D. Komhyr ◽  
Jun Hirokawa ◽  
James Flynn ◽  
Barry Lefer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Electrochemical Cell ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
A New Technique

Abstract This paper reports on the development of a new technique for inexpensive measurements of SO2 profiles using a modified dual-ozonesonde instrument payload. The presence of SO2 interferes with the standard electrochemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde measurement, resulting in −1 molecule of O3 reported for each molecule of SO2 present (provided [O3] > [SO2]). In laboratory tests, an SO2 filter made with CrO3 placed on the inlet side of the sonde removes nearly 100% of the SO2 present for concentrations up to 60 ppbv and remained effective after exposure to 2.8 × 1016 molecules of SO2 [equivalent to a column ∼150 DU (1 DU = 2.69 × 1020 molecules m−2)]. Flying two ECC instruments on the same payload with one filtered and the other unfiltered yields SO2 profiles, inferred by subtraction. Laboratory tests and field experience suggest an SO2 detection limit of ∼3 pbb with profiles valid from the surface to the ozonopause [i.e., ∼(8–10 km)]. Two example profiles demonstrate the success of this technique for both volcanic and industrial plumes.

scholarly journals A New Technique for Transmission Loss Allocation in a Deregulated Electricity Market

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 6724-6727
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Market ◽  
Transmission Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Fair Allocation ◽  
Loss Allocation ◽  
Allocation Method ◽  
Deregulated Electricity Market ◽  
Transmission Loss Allocation ◽  
A New Technique

In a present day a necessity for fair allocation of transmission loss in a deregulated electricity market. This paper presents modifiedZbus loss allocation method to calculate the allocation of transmission loss loss . The procedure depends on straightforward circuit laws and doesn't include any suppositions. results obtained for IEEE 14 Bus system are analysed with the other present methods

scholarly journals STDFF A PASS TRANSISTOR BASED FLIP FLOP DESIGN FOR EFFICIENT INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

2014 ◽  
pp. 263-266
Author(s):  
G. LAKSHMI PRANEETHA ◽  
P. HAREESH
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Flip Flop ◽  
Negative Edge ◽  
Switching Transistor ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Pass Transistor ◽  
A New Technique

In this paper a new technique is proposed based on the comparison between Conventional Transistorized Flip-flop and Data transition Look ahead D flip flop here we are checking the working of DLDFF and the conventional D Flip-flop after that we are analyzing the characteristic comparison using power & area constraints after that we are proposing a Negative Edge triggered flip-flop named as Switching Transistor based D Flip-Flop(STDFF) with reduced number of transistors which will reduce the overall power area as well as delay. The simulations are done using Microwind & DSCH analysis software tools and the result between all those types are listed below. Our proposed system simulations are done under 50nm technology and the results are tabulated below. In that our proposed system is showing better output than the other flip-flops compared here.

scholarly journals In Ovo Sexing of Chicken Eggs by Virus Spectroscopy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (18) ◽  
pp. 3106-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Fioranelli ◽  
Alireza Sepehri ◽  
Maria Grazia Roccia ◽  
Chiara Rossi ◽  
Petar Vojvodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Chick Embryo ◽  
The Other ◽  
New Technique ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Shell Membrane ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Chicken Eggs

BACKGROUND: Recently, some new methods for sexing of chicken eggs by fluorescence and Raman spectroscopy through the shell membrane have been proposed. On the other hand, in another investigation, a new virus medical imaging has been suggested. AIM: In this research, summing over these considerations, a new technique for sexing of chicken eggs by virus spectroscopy through the shell membrane is proposed. METHODS: (Please, add text …) RESULTS: (Please, add text …) CONCLUSION: It is shown that viruses outside the shell of egg can communicate with materials inside it and determine the gender of chick embryo and its evolutions.

New Technique for Estimation of Fatigue Cracks in Concrete by the Parameters of Electric Response to Pulse Mechanical Excitation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1085 ◽  
pp. 250-254
Author(s):  
Denis D. Dann ◽  
Anna A. Demikhova ◽  
George E. Utsyn ◽  
Tatiana V. Fursa
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Acoustic Waves ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
New Technique ◽  
Electric Response ◽  
Nondestructive Control ◽  
Mechanical Excitation ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Sand And Gravel

This paper introduces a new technique to test fatigue cracks in concrete that occur during its maintenance. The principle of the technique consists of exposing the object to pulsed mechanical excitation. As a result, acoustic waves start to propagate in the sample. Under the action of acoustic waves the dipole moments of double electric layers on the boundaries of components in concrete are changed and piezoquartz which is a part of sand and gravel is polarized. The external electric field occurs and is registered by a signal receiver placed near the object under study. The possibility of using this technique for crack nondestructive control is studied in the paper. The technique capabilities are shown by comparing the parameters of electric response on pulsed mechanical excitation when testing the defectless concrete and the same sample after developing the artificial crack in the concrete.

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