Amorphous Thin Film Ruthenium Oxide as an Electrode Material for Electrochemical Capacitors

1995 ◽  
Vol 393 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.R. Jow ◽  
J.P. Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ruthenium Oxide ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Oxide Electrode ◽  
Preparation Temperature ◽  
Amorphous Thin Film ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Alkoxide Precursor

ABSTRACTRuthenium oxide thin films of an amorphous phase were successfully prepared on a titanium (Ti) substrate at temperatures below 160 °C. The sol-gel process using metal alkoxide precursor in nonaqueous solvents was used to prepare these films. The preliminary results showed that a specific capacitance of 430 F/g can be achieved for amorphous ruthenium oxide electrode in sulfuric acid. Films prepared by this method are compared with the films prepared by the thermal decomposition of the aqueous ruthenium chloride solution at temperatures above 300 °C. The specific capacitance, the crystalline structure, and the surface morphology of these films as a function of the preparation temperature were also discussed.

Introduction of Organic Moieties into Transition-Metal Oxide Matrices via Phosphonate Groups

1998 ◽  
Vol 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Mutin ◽  
C. Delenne ◽  
D. Medoukali ◽  
R. Corriu ◽  
A. Vioux
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
Phosphonic Acid ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Transition Metal Oxide ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Hydrolytic Condensation ◽  
Metal Phosphonates ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Sol Gel Process

AbstractTransition metal oxide / phenylphosphonate hybrids with M/P ratios ranging from 1 to 5, (M= Ti, Zr) and metal phosphonates (M/P = 0.5) have been prepared by a sol-gel process involving in a first step the non-hydrolytic condensation between metal alkoxide and phosphonic acid leading to M-O-P bonds, followed by the hydrolysis-condensation of the remaining M-OR groups. The composition, texture and structure of the materials were investigated using EDX, TGA, XRD, IR and 31P NMR.

Novel Electrode Materials for Ultracapacitors:Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Sol-Gel-Derived Manganese Dioxide Thin Films

1999 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suh-Cern Pang ◽  
MarcA Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
High Specific Capacitance ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Proton Mobility ◽  
Reversible Redox ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Nickel Substrates

ABSTRACTNanoparticulate MnO2thin films fabricated by the sol-gel process have been shown to be an outstanding novel electrode material for Ultracapacitors. The average specific capacitance of sol-gel-derived MnO2thin-films on nickel substrates as determined by cyclic voltammetry ranged from 566 to 698 F/g. These films also exhibited good cycling stability within the potential range of 0.0-0.9V (vs SCE) in unbuffered aqueous electrolyte. Both CV and XPS studies showed that MnO2films have remained chemically and structurally intact after 1,500 cycles. The XRD spectra and SEM micrographs showed that the microstructure of MnO2thin films are highly porous, and poorly crystalline or amorphous in nature. The high specific capacitance of MnO2may be predominantly due to pseudocapacitance associated with homogenous and reversible redox reactions of proton insertion into and out of the MnO2lattice. Any variation in the microstructure and thickness of films might affect proton mobility within the oxide matrix and thereby affecting their cycling behaviors. Further optimization of the cycling behaviors is envisaged with better microstructural and thickness control of these sol-gelderived nanoparticulate MnO2thin films.

Preparation and Microstructural Evolution of Sol-Gel-Derived Enstatite Fibers

2008 ◽  
Vol 368-372 ◽  
pp. 1007-1009
Author(s):  
M.T. Tsai ◽  
P.J. Tsai ◽  
H.C. Chang
Keyword(s):  
Microstructural Evolution ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Ceramic Fiber ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Ceramic Fibers ◽  
Bridging Ligands ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Infrared Studies

Homogeneous and transparent enstatite fibers were prepared via the sol-gel process of metal alkoxide precursors. The gel-to-ceramic conversion was characterized. The solution compositions had a significant influence on the microstructural evolution of gel fibers. Infrared studies indicated that bidentate bridging ligands were formed between acetate and metal ions, which enhanced spinnability remarkably. The as-drawn fibers were essentially microporous. On heating to 800 oC, enstatite ceramic fibers exhibited mesoporous structures with nanocrystals in size. The optical transmittance of enstatite ceramic fiber in the visible range was around 90 % after heating at 800 oC.

ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF AMORPHOUS HYDROUS RUTHENIUM OXIDE/ACTIVE CARBON COMPOSITE ELECTRODES FOR SUPER-CAPACITOR

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (28n29) ◽  
pp. 4479-4483 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-RONG ZHANG ◽  
BIN CHEN ◽  
WEI-KUAN LI ◽  
JUN-JIE ZHU ◽  
LI-PING JIANG
Keyword(s):  
Active Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Ruthenium Oxide ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Composite Electrodes ◽  
Super Capacitor ◽  
A Value ◽  
Sol Gel Process

The RuO 2· xH 2 O/C composites were prepared directly based on a sol-gel process under ultrasonic wave (50Hz). The specific capacitance of pure RuO 2· xH 2 O materials obtained by the method reached a value of 760F/g. Physical properties of the material and electrochemical characteristics of electrodes were described.

The Effects of Aluminum Alkoxides on the Synthesis of Composite Powders of Alumina and Titania

1989 ◽  
Vol 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Harris ◽  
Charles H. Byers ◽  
Ronald R. Brunson
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Powder Synthesis ◽  
Composite Powders ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Uniform Composition

ABSTRACTThe synthesis of mixed oxide ceramic powders that consist of very fine (submicron)-monodisperse particles with uniform composition is desirable in the improvement of existing ceramics and the development of new ceramic materials. Metal alkoxide hydrolysis is a very attractive method for the synthesis of ultrapure composite powders at low temperatures by the sol-gel process.The present study investigates the effects of the hydrolysis of aluminum alkoxides and the condensation products on the growth kinetics and morphology of composite particles containing alumina and titania. Alkoxides of titanium and aluminum are employed; therefore, powders of high purity are produced. Since various solvents are used as media for powder synthesis, the effect of the solvent on particle morphology will also be discussed.

Synthesis, Characterization and Pseudocapacitive Behaviour of MnOx/CNT Heterostructures

2013 ◽  
Vol 1577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ying Tsai ◽  
Kanchan Mondal ◽  
S. Talapatra
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Oxide ◽  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Manganese Acetate ◽  
Hybrid Sample ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Electrode Systems ◽  
Superior Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Dominant Phase

ABSTRACTManganese oxide based nanoparticles were synthesized by sol-gel process. Methanol, ethanol, and propanol were used as alternative solvent during sol-gel process with manganese acetate as precursor for the preparation of pristine manganese oxide. Hybrid MnOx modified by additions of carbon nanotubes was further prepared. Smallest particle size was observed for manganese oxide prepared from propanol, with diameters range from 16 nm to 50nm. XRD results showed that the as prepared manganese oxide based samples at calcination temperature of 300°C and above were composed of Mn2O3 as dominant phase, with Mn3O4 as minor phase. Specific capacitance measured from two electrode systems of manganese oxide prepared from methanol, ethanol, and propanol at scan rate of 10 mV/s were 88.3, 66.0, 104.8 F/g and the result for the hybrid sample was 140.5 F/g. The highest capacitance of the MnOx revealed a specific capacitance of 231.4 F/g when a 1:1 mixture of propanaol and methanol was employed as the solvent for the sol preparation. Results from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) also showed superior electrochemical properties of the hybrid sample over pristine manganese oxide samples.

Sol-Gel Syntheses and Characterization of BaTi4O9 and BaTiO3-Powders

1988 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep P. Phule ◽  
Subhash H. Rkbud
Keyword(s):  
High Purity ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Barium Acetate ◽  
Amorphous Precursor ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Alkoxide Precursor ◽  
Precursor Powders ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

ABSTRACTSol-gel processes for the synthesis of high purity, ultrafine BaTi4O9 and BaTiO3 powders are described. Hydrolysis of an alkoxide precursor derived from barium metal and titanium (IV) isopropoxide resulted in formation of powders consisting of ultrafine (0.2 to 1.0 μm) spherical particles. These amorphous precursor powders were converted to crystalline BaTi4O9 powders (particle size 2–3 μm) by heat treatment at 1100 C. The sol-gel process for the synthesis of BaTiOj powders utilized chemical polymerization between moisture insensitive and relatively inexpensive barium acetate and titanium (IV) isopropoxide in the presence of acetic acid. The gel to ceramic conversion was achieved by firing the gels at 1000 °C to obtain high purity, stoichiometric BaTiO3 powders. The powders were sintered to obtain relatively dense (90 % relative density) ceramic bodies.

scholarly journals A Sol-Gel Process for the Synthesis of NiCo2O4Having Improved Specific Capacitance and Cycle Stability for Electrochemical Capacitors

2012 ◽  
Vol 159 (8) ◽  
pp. A1262-A1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao-Cheng Liu ◽  
Ling-Bin Kong ◽  
Chao Lu ◽  
Xiao-Ming Li ◽  
Yong-Chun Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Capacitance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrochemical Capacitors ◽  
Cycle Stability ◽  
Sol Gel Process

Synthesis and Characterization of Sn Doped SiO2 by Reverse Micelle and Sol-Gel Process

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 225-228
Author(s):  
Kwang Jin Jeong ◽  
Dong Sik Bae
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Micelle ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Metal Alkoxide ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sol Gel Process ◽  
Hydrolysis And Condensation ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Average Size

Sn doped SiO2nanoparticles have been synthesized using a reverse micelle technique combined with metal alkoxide hydrolysis and condensation. The size of the particles and the thickness of the coating can be controlled by manipulating the relative rates of the hydrolysis and condensation reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) within the micro-emulsion. The properties of the Sn doped SiO2nanoparticles were studied as a function of various processing parameters such as R and H value. The average size of synthesized Sn doped SiO2nanoparticles was about in the size range of 20-40 nm and core particle (Sn) 1-5 nm. The Sn doped SiO2nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM).

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