The Evolution Process of the Ancient Chinese Yaozhou Porcelain

1996 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. Leung ◽  
Luo Hongjie ◽  
Li Jiazhi ◽  
Michael J. Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Composition ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
The Ancient Chinese ◽  
Almost All

ABSTRACTThe chemical composition (body and glaze) of over thirty Yaozhou porcelain fragments are determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. Statistical analysis of these results combined with data already published indicate that the full evolution process of Yaozhou porcelain can be divided into four stages. Each stage exhibits a characteristic composition determined by the raw materials and batch composition used to produce the porcelain bodies and glazes. Almost all of Yaozhou celadon and white ware glazes belong predominantly to the CaO-type glaze (or lime glaze), but the glazes of the Song Dynasty (A.D. 960–1280) and later periods have higher K2O content and less CaO than the earlier periods.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Insoluble Particles in an Ice Cap on Storøya, Svalbard (Abstract)

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jost Heintzenberg ◽  
Margareta Källström ◽  
Hans-Christen Hansson ◽  
Stig Jonsson
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ice Cap ◽  
Insoluble Particles ◽  
Major Factors

During the Ymer-80 expedition, a 6 m long ice core was taken on the low-lying ice cap Storøyjøkulen, Svalbard. Core samples of about 10 ml were filtered on 0.1 μm pore-size Nuclepore filters, for analysis with a soot photometer and by means of particle-induced X-ray emission, which yielded elemental carbon and about 15 metals in the insoluble microparticles. The concentrations were comparable to Arctic snow data from other locations. Multivariate statistical analysis of the chemical results indicates two major factors affecting microparticle composition: crustal and anthropogenic. A regular seasonal concentration pattern was found which is consistent with the c. 40 cm annual accumulation deduced from mass-balance studies on the ice cap.

Influence of Gypsum Additive on the Formation of Tobermorite in Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

2016 ◽  
Vol 714 ◽  
pp. 116-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Helanova ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka ◽  
Vit Cerný
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fly Ashes ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽  
Variable Chemical ◽  
Aerated Concrete

The quality of the aerated concrete strongly depends on the chemical composition of the raw materials, as well as the process of the hydrothermal reaction during autoclaving. Due to the variable chemical composition of fly ashes, it is necessary to identify the effect of each ion on the formation of the microstructure of aerated concrete. This paper examines the process of formation of tobermorite with the addition of sulphates in various percentage representation. The microstructure of aerated concrete is assessed using SEM images and the mineralogical by means of X-ray analysis.

Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nkalih Mefire ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
R. Yongue Fouateu ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
N.A. Tapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clays ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.

scholarly journals Analysis of working surface in new manual and rotary endodontic instruments (scanning electron microscopy)

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 398-403
Author(s):  
Milica Jovanovic-Medojevic ◽  
Martina Pelemis ◽  
Jelena Neskovic ◽  
Marijana Popovic-Bajic ◽  
Djordje Stratimirovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Common Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
Surface Metal ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Common Defect

Introduction/Objective. The objective of this study is to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyze working surfaces of new manual and rotary endodontic instruments and to check possible existence of manufacture dirt particles or defects on the working surface. Methods. In this study, we used three sets of new manual instruments: K-File, KF (Dentsply Maillefer, Switzerland) and Hedstorm Files, HF (SybronEndo Co, USA) and three sets of mechanical Ni-Ti instruments ? type K3 (SybronEndo Co, USA) and BioRaCe (FKG DENTAIRE Swiss Dental Products, Switzerland). The instruments were analyzed using SEM method at 170 ? magnification while semi-quantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis was used to determine chemical composition of dirt particles. Fisher test (p < 0.05) was applied in statistical analysis. Results. Results showed that none of the instruments were defect-free. The most common defect type was the presence of metal strips, which were noticed at the surface of all tested instruments. Debris was present on all manual and only one type of mechanical instruments, K3 (39% in the apical and 33% in the middle third). Fretting was noticed in all manual KF and all mechanical instruments of the K3 group. Pitting was common in all manual instruments, KF (33% in the apical and 39% in the middle third) and HF (11% in the apical and 6% in the middle third). Corrosion of the working surface, metal flash, and disruption of the cutting edge were marked only in the KF group. Conclusion. Manufacture defects were noticed in all instruments and the most common type of irregularity were metal strips. Electropolished surface of BioRaCe instruments showed no debris of organic origin.

The Choice of Chemical Composition and Raw Materials for the Production of Basalt Wool with the Defined Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 1018-1023
Author(s):  
A.V. Khandoshka ◽  
Svetlana G. Vlasova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Wool ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
X Ray

The composition of mineral wool was selected for the research, based on the chemical composition of the raw materials, the determination of the acidity module to obtain the thermal insulation material with the best characteristics and the lowest cost of the production of basalt mineral wool. The paper deals with compositions of raw materials and selection chemical compositions of charges for production of basalt mineral wool, and the experiments of welded samples were made and tested for viscosity, surface tension, chemical analysis and x-ray analysis.

The Oxidizing Roasting and Reducing Melting of Titaniferous and Conversion Iron Ores

2017 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Dmitriev ◽  
G.Yu. Vitkina ◽  
R.V. Petukhov ◽  
L.A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Conversion Iron

The chemical composition of pellets of various basicity from pig iron ore materials is described. The metallurgical characteristics (reducibility, strength, softening and melting temperatures) is analyzed. The micro X-ray diffraction phase analysis is made. Also the sinter of various basicity from titaniferous raw materials is investigated.

scholarly journals Modeling of Bohemian and Moravian glass recipes from Gothic to Baroque periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
Simona Randáková
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersive System ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractThe Bohemian historical glasses have been neglected and have not been in focus of Archaeometric studies so far. Potassium-calcium wood ash glasses, produced in Bohemia and Moravia, from the beginning of the 14th century to the first half of the 18th century, are chemically different from the glasses produced in the same period in Western Europe. There are no written sources for glass batch recipes for Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.) and Renaissance (16th–17th c.) glass, while there are only few for the Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.) glass recipes. Systematically investigating the chemical composition and typology of archaeological glasses, we have chosen to reconstruct the glass recipes of potassium-calcium glasses from the three periods. In this study, the glass recipes (the ratio of the raw materials) were calculated based on the chemical composition of the historical glasses studied by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive System (SEM/EDS). The composition of the authentic natural raw materials was studied by XRF and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD): sand or quartz pebbles, beech ash and potash, limestone, NaCl, and As2O3. Model glasses confirmed our presumption of gradual development in the Bohemian glass batch recipes, which used very simple raw materials ratios.

Provenance Identification of the Inkslab Unearthed from Liangfu Gao’s Grave of the Song Dynasty (960-1279 CE) in Chengdu, Sichuan, China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongyang Wang ◽  
Yangmin Gong ◽  
Shiming Wang ◽  
Lin Xiao ◽  
Tao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Complete Characterization ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

Abstract In order to infer the provenance of ancient inkslab excavated from Liangfu Gao’s Grave of the Song dynasty (960-1279 CE) in Chengdu, a multi-analytical approach, including polarizing microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the complete characterization of the ancient inkslab and the collected sample materials of this inkslab. The comparison of the results about mineral structure, major, trace and rare earth elements (REE) suggested that this unearthed inkslab of Song dynasty was Pu inkslab, which was famous in Pujiang County of Chengdu, and conjectured that its particular structure made it show the good inking performance. This work provided a reliable basis for the study of the historical and cultural inheritance of the Gao family, providing more direct evidence for the produce and development of the inkslab in the Song Dynasty.

Raw Materials for Making Jingdezhen Porcelain from the Five Dynasties to the Qing Dynasty

1992 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1488-1494 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap ◽  
Younan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Song Dynasty ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Alumina Content ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
The Song Dynasty ◽  
Porcelain Stone ◽  
Five Dynasties ◽  
Porcelain Production

This is a study of 66 pieces of Jingdezhen porcelain bodies and their relation to 13 raw materials, three of which are kaolin and the rest porcelain stones from Jingdezhen. For Jingdezhen porcelains, the results show that the alumina content increases and silica content decreases as a function of time, except during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, when this trend was reversed. For raw materials, although kaolin could never be used alone for porcelain production, four of the porcelain stones could be used alone for this purpose during the Five Dynasties and part of the Song Dynasty. However, all porcelains made thereafter have varying amounts of kaolin added to the porcelain stone. Except for a reversal during the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, we found that the amount of kaolin added was a function of time, reaching as high as about 60% during the Qing Dynasty.

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