Gel mineralization as a Model for Bone Formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calvert ◽  
Joelle Frechette ◽  
Chad Souvignier
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Original Part

ABSTRACTExtrusion freeform fabrication is a 3-D layerwise writing technique for forming objects directly under the control of a CAD program. This method is one of a family of rapid prototyping methods which include stereolithography, selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. This system can be used to build shapes, layer by layer, from hydrogels of agarose, polyacrylamide or other cross-linked water-soluble acrylic polymers.Mineralization can be induced in these gels by first building a part from an aqueous gel slurry containing calcium sulfate powder. This part is then immersed in a carbonate or phosphate solution which diffuses into the gel and precipitates calcite or calcium phosphates as the sulfate slowly dissolves. The resulting material contains 5-10 vol% mineral, 5 vol% agarose and 85-90 vol% water. On drying a bone-like composite is formed. If the original part is not a solid but a mesh of connected struts, the drying step results in a stronger part.

Mineralization of Multilayer Hydrogels as a Model for Mineralization of Bone

1997 ◽  
Vol 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calvert ◽  
Joelle Frechette ◽  
Chad Souvignier
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Cross Diffusion ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
A Cell ◽  
A Site

AbstractExtrusion freeform fabrication is a 3-D layerwise writing technique for forming objects directly under the control of a CAD program. This method is one of a family of rapid prototyping methods which include stereolithography, selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. This system can be used to build shapes, layer by layer, from hydrogels of agarose, polyacrylamide or other cross-linked water-soluble acrylic polymers.Mineralization can be induced in these gels by building a part with alternating layers of gels containing calcium and carbonate or phosphate that can be formed into stacks which then mineralize by cross-diffusion. The write head can be conceived of as a cell which delivers the appropriate minerals to a site within a swollen gel matrix. This diffusive mineralization process can thus be compared with bone mineralization. The gel structure controls the morphology of the mineral. The site of mineralization is controlled by osmotic forces which localize most of the mineral in whichever zone has the higher ionic strength. The mineral content, expressed as a fraction of the polymer content, is similar to that of bone but the water content is much higher than in bone. This raises the question of what process drives the water exclusion during bone mineralization.

An Update on the Use of Alginate in Additive Biofabrication Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoljit Singh Gill ◽  
Parneet Kaur Deol ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Extrusion Printing

Background: Solid free forming (SFF) technique also called additive manufacturing process is immensely popular for biofabrication owing to its high accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Method: SFF techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion printing, and inkjet printing create three dimension (3D) structures by layer by layer processing of the material. To achieve desirable results, selection of the appropriate technique is an important aspect and it is based on the nature of biomaterial or bioink to be processed. Result & Conclusion: Alginate is a commonly employed bioink in biofabrication process, attributable to its nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature; low cost; and tendency to form hydrogel under mild conditions. Furthermore, control on its rheological properties like viscosity and shear thinning, makes this natural anionic polymer an appropriate candidate for many of the SFF techniques. It is endeavoured in the present review to highlight the status of alginate as bioink in various SFF techniques.

scholarly journals The Accuracy and the Printing Resolution Comparison of Different 3D Printing Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewelina Kluska ◽  
Piotr Gruda ◽  
Natalia Majca-Nowak
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Material Texture ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reference Specimens

Abstract The article presents a research conducted with the project: ‘Additive technology used in conduction with optical methods for rapid prototyping of 3D printed models’ [13]. In this article selected three different 3D printing technologies: Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Material Jetting (MJ). Each of them was tested paying special attention to accuracy and resolution of printed elements. Accuracy tests were conducted on the reference specimens which also showed material texture. These specimens were scanned to verified dimensional deviations of printing methods. Printing resolution was verified on a heat exchanger model which was characterized by complicated structure. The highest accuracy and printing resolution was noticed in the MJ technology, PolyJet method on the Objet Eden 260 VS printing machine and the SUP 707 water soluble support material.

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Fused Deposition Modeling Using Microwave Irradiation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Weston Grove ◽  
Emmett Hull ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a class of manufacturing processes where material is deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional part directly from a computer-aided design model. With a current market share of 44%, thermoplastic-based additive manufacturing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a prevailing technology. A key challenge for AM parts (especially for parts made by FDM) in engineering applications is the weak inter-layer adhesion. The lack of bonding between filaments usually results in delamination and mechanical failure. To address this challenge, this study embedded carbon nanotubes into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastics via a filament extrusion process. The vigorous response of carbon nanotubes to microwave irradiation, leading to the release of a large amount of heat, is used to melt the ABS thermoplastic matrix adjacent to carbon nanotubes within a very short time period. This treatment is found to enhance the inter-layer adhesion without bulk heating to deform the 3D printed parts. Tensile and flexural tests were performed to evaluation the effects of microwave irradiation on mechanical properties of the specimens made by FDM. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken to characterize the fracture surfaces of tensile test specimens. The actual carbon nanotube contents in the filaments were measured by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of microwave irradiation on the electrical resistivity of the filament were also reported.

scholarly journals Desain dan Pembuatan Prototype Piston Honda MEGAPRO FI Menggunakan 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Frince Marbun ◽  
Richard A.M. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

3D printing technology has great potential in today's manufacturing world, one of its uses is in making miniatures or prototypes of a product such as a piston. One of the most famous and inexpensive 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technologies is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the principle FDM works by thermoplastic extrusion through a hot nozzle at melting temperature then the product is made layer by layer. The two most commonly used materials are ABS and PLA so it is very important to know the accuracy of product dimensions. FDM 3D Printing Technology is able to make duplicate products accurately using PLA material. FDM machines work by printing parts that have been designed by computer-aided design (CAD) and then exported in the form of STL or .stl files and uploaded to the slicer program to govern the printing press according to the design. Using Anet A8 brand 3D printing tools that are available to the public, Slicing of general CAD geometry files such as autocad and solidwork is the basis for making this object. This software is very important to facilitate the design process to be printed. Some examples of software that can be downloaded and used free of charge such as Repetier-Host and Cura. by changing the parameters in the slicer software is very influential in the 3D printing manufacturing process.

scholarly journals USE OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS IN INVESTMENT PRECISION CASTING AND RISK OF USING SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING PROCESS

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
SIVADASAN M ◽  
N.K SINGH ◽  
ANOOP KUMAR SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rp Process ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Metallic Parts

Investment Castings (IC) is one of the most economical ways to produce intricate metallic parts when forging, forming and other casting processes tend to fail. However, high tooling cost and long lead time associated with the fabrication of metal moulds for producing IC wax (sacrificial) patterns result in cost justification problems for customized single casting or small-lot production. Generating pattern using rapid prototyping (RP) process may be one of the feasible alternatives. For this purpose present study assessed the suitability of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process for creating sacrificial IC patterns by studying FDM fabricated part thermal response at various temperatures. A series of experiments with RP patterns are conducted and a set of test castings are also made in steel for establishing feasibility. The build material used is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). As an annexe to this work a concurrent attempt is also made to quantify the risk in using Selective Laser Sintering patterns for Investment Castings. Authors hope this work might establish applicability of ABS in IC and also lead the investigations to theoretically tone down the shell cracking tendency with Selective Laser Sintering patterns when Proprietary Duraform is used as the build material.

Influence of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep V. Raut ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jatti ◽  
T.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Main Material

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the thirty techniques of rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from polymer materials (natural or with different grades). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the good material among all polymer materials. It is used in the layer by layer manufacturing of the prototype which is in the semi-molten plastic filament form and built up on the platform from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the built up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Impact specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, impact and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost.

scholarly journals Z-axis limit switch 3D printer

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Vadym Shalenko ◽  
Boris Korniychuk ◽  
Andriі Masluyk
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Laminated Object Manufacturing ◽  
The Future ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Additive Methods

Not much time has passed since the appearance of the first 3D printer. Today there are many different printers. They differ in various 3D printing technologies, namely: Stereolithography – SL, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling – FDM, Laminated Object Manufacturing – LOM, Polyjet and Ployjet Matrix. In recent years, the spread of 3D printing technology has become and continues to be used more and more today. Of course, in the future we will see a large-scale spread of additive methods, but the practical application of 3D printing today is available to everyone. Melting deposition modeling technologies have become widespread and available. The authors in this article consider possible options for upgrading the mounting of the end sensor of the Z Axis and automating the process of calibration of the zero gap of the extruder nozzle relative to the working surface of the printer. This calibration is important. This affects the accuracy and printing process of the future plastic model. During the operation of the 3D printer, it is often necessary to service the extruder, which forces the process of calibrating the zero gap of the printer nozzle. Optimally correct selected nozzle clearance affects the accuracy, geometry of the model and printing as a whole. It also allows you to get rid of peeling off the model from the desktop surface and the destruction of the model during printing.

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