Determination of inertial loads of the rota-ry boom of a self-propelled crane

Self-propelled jib cranes are most widely used in construction for loading and unloading operations, the main advantage of which, among other types of cranes, is high mobility. The share of self-propelled jib cranes in construction is more than 60%. An important element of the construction of self-propelled jib cranes is the boom, the strength of the structure of which largely depends on the safety of the crane and the prevention of accidents that lead to injuries and death of maintenance personnel. When calculating the crane boom for strength, power of electric motors for changing the departure of the boom and turn, the brakes of these mechanisms must take into account all types of loads acting on the rotary boom with load, including inertial, which account for a significant share among other loads. The paper considers the calculation of the following moments of inertia forces: created by vertical inertial forces during braking of the load lifting mechanism; arising from the mass of the load and the boom during the period of unstable movement of the mechanism of change of the boom departure during start-up and braking; the load created by centrifugal force which arises at rotation of a rotary part of the crane; arising from the mass of the load and the boom during the period of unstable movement of the crane rotation mechanism. When calculating these moments of inertia, the following initial data are taken into account: geometric dimensions of the crane, weight and length of the boom, weight and height of the load, angle of the self-propelled crane in the construction area, radius of the crane boom, boom and load speeds, start and braking times mechanisms for lifting the load, changing the departure of the boom and turning the crane. The obtained dependences for determining the inertial loads of the rotary boom of a self-propelled crane will allow more accurately taking into account multiple factors to calculate the values of these loads in order to perform strength calculations of the boom, selection of components for lifting, changing the boom and turning the crane.

Z-axis limit switch 3D printer

Not much time has passed since the appearance of the first 3D printer. Today there are many different printers. They differ in various 3D printing technologies, namely: Stereolithography – SL, Selective Laser Sintering, Fused Deposition Modeling – FDM, Laminated Object Manufacturing – LOM, Polyjet and Ployjet Matrix. In recent years, the spread of 3D printing technology has become and continues to be used more and more today. Of course, in the future we will see a large-scale spread of additive methods, but the practical application of 3D printing today is available to everyone. Melting deposition modeling technologies have become widespread and available. The authors in this article consider possible options for upgrading the mounting of the end sensor of the Z Axis and automating the process of calibration of the zero gap of the extruder nozzle relative to the working surface of the printer. This calibration is important. This affects the accuracy and printing process of the future plastic model. During the operation of the 3D printer, it is often necessary to service the extruder, which forces the process of calibrating the zero gap of the printer nozzle. Optimally correct selected nozzle clearance affects the accuracy, geometry of the model and printing as a whole. It also allows you to get rid of peeling off the model from the desktop surface and the destruction of the model during printing.

Actuality of development of new means of ground cutting spatially oriented knifes of dynamic action when working with earth machines

Using the sources of patent documentation, a patent search was conducted to determine the relevance of the problem of cutting the soil with spatially oriented knives when working with earthmoving machines and further analysis of the proposed technical solutions. As a result of the study, we found that the topic remains relevant for the period under consideration. It was found that different types of persons were involved in this area: individuals, scientific and educational institutions, research institutes and equipment manufacturing organizations, in particular by Caterpillar, Komatsu and John Deere, which indicates the relevance and importance of this problem. The study of cutting soils with spatially oriented knives of dynamic action is relevant for achieving a decrease in the energy consumption of the process of cutting soils. The proposed research direction is a continuation of the scientific schools of the Department of Construction Machines KNUBA, namely, dynamic cutting and creation of cutting elements of earth-moving machines with spatial orientation.

IoT-based industrial automation systems

"Internet of Things" approaches in comparison with classical industrial automation allow to create system architectures which appear more economical, flexible, productive and effective that is reached at the expense of communication and interaction with industrial devices of automation (industrial controllers), sensors. , actuators, drives, machine vision systems, video, robotic systems. The basis of the "Internet of Things" (IoT) is the technology of interaction of machines (M2M), when machines use mobile networks to exchange information with each other or transmit it to data processing and storage systems. M2M technology is effectively used in health and safety systems, in manufacturing, housing and communal services, energy, and the banking sector. The active development of IoT technology requires research and analysis of the mechanisms of their effective implementation in industry, in particular, construction, and the development of concepts of industrial automation and management, which will contain a set of rules defining appropriate control actions for each important set of events. real-time data reported by IoT devices.

Method of calculating the parameters of the scraper working equipment of the trench excavator based on critical deep blocked soil cutting

The article presents a method of calculating the parameters of the scraper working equipment of a trench excavator that performs critical depth cutting: critical depth for its cutters, number of cutting lines, pitch of cutters, height of scrapers, cutting speed, working speed, length of plowshares of cutters, necessary effort of cutting of soil, power to drive the working equipment and movement, power selection of the base machine. Methodology/approach. To solve these problems, analytical methods were used to study the parameters of multi-scraper excavators that perform critical depth cutting of soils. Findings. The developed technique allows to create energy-efficient working equipment and to determine its critical-depth modes of operation, which make it possible to increase productivity and reduce the energy consumption of multi-scraper chain trench excavators that carry out blocked cutting of soils. Research limitations/implication. The initial data for the calculation are: the width of the cutters, their cutting angle, the maximum depth of the trench, the width of the trench, the physical and mechanical characteristics of the soil. Originality/value. Managed to achieve the prerequisites for reducing the energy intensity of soil development scraper chain excavators based on critical depth cutting of soils.

Analytical review of developments and im-provements of the working body of the cable-layer at trenchless laying of cables

The article provides an analytical review of scientific developments to improve the process of cable laying in general and specifically the working body of the cable layer in the trenchless laying of cables in different geological conditions. Using the patent documentation, the search and analysis of materials for the improvement of the working body of the cable layer and the main advantages of trenchless cable laying were carried out. The task of trenchless laying is: laying of water supply networks, sewerage, gas pipeline; laying of power supply cables, telephone and fibre-optic cable communication and alarm lines; laying on the bottom of rivers and reservoirs; laying in mountainous areas; replacement of worn-out communications with new ones. The article analyzes the improvement of the design of cable-laying with active earth-moving working bodies (ZRO), the principle of operation of which is based on the trenchless method, which has limited working speed and relative working speed, design complexity and low operational reliability.

Sixth international scientific and practical conference «Transfer of Innovative Technologies 2020»

The sixth international scientific-practical conference Transfer of Innovative Technologies 2020 was held, dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the Kyiv National University of Construction and Architecture. The specificity of this year's forum was that it took place remotely on the Cisco Webex platform with the participation of scientists from Poland, France, Australia, Iraq, Libya, Brazil and China. Specialists in the fields of construction and architecture, engineering and infrastructure, information technology, etc. have traditionally shared their experience. The work is aimed at the integration of Ukrainian and foreign specialists and scientific schools in the development of the theory of research, the creation of new methods and techniques, the practical application of energy-saving, environmentally friendly technologies and tools. The purpose of the conference is to communicate with specialists from various fields to solve global problems of resource and energy supply of production, transfer of innovative technologies to various spheres of human activity. The official languages of the conference are Ukrainian, Russian, English, Polish and French. More than a hundred applications were received from 140 participants from scientific and educational institutions, industry, non-governmental institutions, students, undergraduates and graduate students. More than three dozen innovative projects in architecture, building engineering, information technology, cybersecurity, etc. were presented. The results of research of two doctoral and several dissertations of PhD are discussed. According to the results of the announced competitions in the nominations Innovative project, Presentation, Publication, the winners of 2020 were determined, who were awarded diplomas. The most active participants from among the specialists and student youth received Acknowledgments and Certificates. Results of work and preprints of the best presentations of the authors were published in the Proceedings of the conference (online) and the science journal «Transfer of Innovative Technologies». KNUBA has established cooperation with specialists from Jiangsu University of Science and Technology (China), University of Applied Sciences and Arts (Fachhochschule Dortmund, Germany), Astana IT University (Kazakhstan) in research and publishing. The conference participants supported the Petition of the leadership of the International Center for Integral Ecology CEI Laudato Si (Warsaw) to the Pope and the President of the United States on the anthropogenic impact on the world environment and protection from academic violence and pressure.