An Update on the Use of Alginate in Additive Biofabrication Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 1249-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amoljit Singh Gill ◽  
Parneet Kaur Deol ◽  
Indu Pal Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Anionic Polymer ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Extrusion Printing

Background: Solid free forming (SFF) technique also called additive manufacturing process is immensely popular for biofabrication owing to its high accuracy, precision and reproducibility. Method: SFF techniques like stereolithography, selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, extrusion printing, and inkjet printing create three dimension (3D) structures by layer by layer processing of the material. To achieve desirable results, selection of the appropriate technique is an important aspect and it is based on the nature of biomaterial or bioink to be processed. Result & Conclusion: Alginate is a commonly employed bioink in biofabrication process, attributable to its nontoxic, biodegradable and biocompatible nature; low cost; and tendency to form hydrogel under mild conditions. Furthermore, control on its rheological properties like viscosity and shear thinning, makes this natural anionic polymer an appropriate candidate for many of the SFF techniques. It is endeavoured in the present review to highlight the status of alginate as bioink in various SFF techniques.

Gel mineralization as a Model for Bone Formation

1998 ◽  
Vol 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Calvert ◽  
Joelle Frechette ◽  
Chad Souvignier
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Calcium Phosphates ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Freeform Fabrication ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Original Part

ABSTRACTExtrusion freeform fabrication is a 3-D layerwise writing technique for forming objects directly under the control of a CAD program. This method is one of a family of rapid prototyping methods which include stereolithography, selective laser sintering and fused deposition modeling. This system can be used to build shapes, layer by layer, from hydrogels of agarose, polyacrylamide or other cross-linked water-soluble acrylic polymers.Mineralization can be induced in these gels by first building a part from an aqueous gel slurry containing calcium sulfate powder. This part is then immersed in a carbonate or phosphate solution which diffuses into the gel and precipitates calcite or calcium phosphates as the sulfate slowly dissolves. The resulting material contains 5-10 vol% mineral, 5 vol% agarose and 85-90 vol% water. On drying a bone-like composite is formed. If the original part is not a solid but a mesh of connected struts, the drying step results in a stronger part.

scholarly journals 3D Printing of Functional Assemblies with Integrated Polymer-Bonded Magnets Demonstrated with a Prototype of a Rotary Blood Pump

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai von Petersdorff-Campen ◽  
Yannick Hauswirth ◽  
Julia Carpenter ◽  
Andreas Hagmann ◽  
Stefan Boës ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Magnetic Bearing ◽  
Blood Pump ◽  
Rotary Blood Pump ◽  
Pump Impeller ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Magnetic Components ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Conventional magnet manufacturing is a significant bottleneck in the development processes of products that use magnets, because every design adaption requires production steps with long lead times. Additive manufacturing of magnetic components delivers the opportunity to shift to agile and test-driven development in early prototyping stages, as well as new possibilities for complex designs. In an effort to simplify integration of magnetic components, the current work presents a method to directly print polymer-bonded hard magnets of arbitrary shape into thermoplastic parts by fused deposition modeling. This method was applied to an early prototype design of a rotary blood pump with magnetic bearing and magnetic drive coupling. Thermoplastics were compounded with 56 vol.% isotropic NdFeB powder to manufacture printable filament. With a powder loading of 56 vol.%, remanences of 350 mT and adequate mechanical flexibility for robust processability were achieved. This compound allowed us to print a prototype of a turbodynamic pump with integrated magnets in the impeller and housing in one piece on a low-cost, end-user 3D printer. Then, the magnetic components in the printed pump were fully magnetized in a pulsed Bitter coil. The pump impeller is driven by magnetic coupling to non-printed permanent magnets rotated by a brushless DC motor, resulting in a flow rate of 3 L/min at 1000 rpm. For the first time, an application of combined multi-material and magnet printing by fused deposition modeling was shown. The presented process significantly simplifies the prototyping of products that use magnets, such as rotary blood pumps, and opens the door for more complex and innovative designs. It will also help postpone the shift to conventional manufacturing methods to later phases of the development process.

Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Fused Deposition Modeling Using Microwave Irradiation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Weston Grove ◽  
Emmett Hull ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling

Additive manufacturing (AM) is a class of manufacturing processes where material is deposited in a layer-by-layer fashion to fabricate a three-dimensional part directly from a computer-aided design model. With a current market share of 44%, thermoplastic-based additive manufacturing such as fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a prevailing technology. A key challenge for AM parts (especially for parts made by FDM) in engineering applications is the weak inter-layer adhesion. The lack of bonding between filaments usually results in delamination and mechanical failure. To address this challenge, this study embedded carbon nanotubes into acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastics via a filament extrusion process. The vigorous response of carbon nanotubes to microwave irradiation, leading to the release of a large amount of heat, is used to melt the ABS thermoplastic matrix adjacent to carbon nanotubes within a very short time period. This treatment is found to enhance the inter-layer adhesion without bulk heating to deform the 3D printed parts. Tensile and flexural tests were performed to evaluation the effects of microwave irradiation on mechanical properties of the specimens made by FDM. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) images were taken to characterize the fracture surfaces of tensile test specimens. The actual carbon nanotube contents in the filaments were measured by conducting thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of microwave irradiation on the electrical resistivity of the filament were also reported.

scholarly journals Desain dan Pembuatan Prototype Piston Honda MEGAPRO FI Menggunakan 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Frince Marbun ◽  
Richard A.M. Napitupulu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Aided Design

3D printing technology has great potential in today's manufacturing world, one of its uses is in making miniatures or prototypes of a product such as a piston. One of the most famous and inexpensive 3D printing (additive manufacturing) technologies is Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), the principle FDM works by thermoplastic extrusion through a hot nozzle at melting temperature then the product is made layer by layer. The two most commonly used materials are ABS and PLA so it is very important to know the accuracy of product dimensions. FDM 3D Printing Technology is able to make duplicate products accurately using PLA material. FDM machines work by printing parts that have been designed by computer-aided design (CAD) and then exported in the form of STL or .stl files and uploaded to the slicer program to govern the printing press according to the design. Using Anet A8 brand 3D printing tools that are available to the public, Slicing of general CAD geometry files such as autocad and solidwork is the basis for making this object. This software is very important to facilitate the design process to be printed. Some examples of software that can be downloaded and used free of charge such as Repetier-Host and Cura. by changing the parameters in the slicer software is very influential in the 3D printing manufacturing process.

scholarly journals USE OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PROCESS IN INVESTMENT PRECISION CASTING AND RISK OF USING SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING PROCESS

2012 ◽  
pp. 226-230
Author(s):  
SIVADASAN M ◽  
N.K SINGH ◽  
ANOOP KUMAR SOOD
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Laser Sintering ◽  
Precision Casting ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Rp Process ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Metallic Parts

Investment Castings (IC) is one of the most economical ways to produce intricate metallic parts when forging, forming and other casting processes tend to fail. However, high tooling cost and long lead time associated with the fabrication of metal moulds for producing IC wax (sacrificial) patterns result in cost justification problems for customized single casting or small-lot production. Generating pattern using rapid prototyping (RP) process may be one of the feasible alternatives. For this purpose present study assessed the suitability of the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process for creating sacrificial IC patterns by studying FDM fabricated part thermal response at various temperatures. A series of experiments with RP patterns are conducted and a set of test castings are also made in steel for establishing feasibility. The build material used is acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). As an annexe to this work a concurrent attempt is also made to quantify the risk in using Selective Laser Sintering patterns for Investment Castings. Authors hope this work might establish applicability of ABS in IC and also lead the investigations to theoretically tone down the shell cracking tendency with Selective Laser Sintering patterns when Proprietary Duraform is used as the build material.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Additive Manufacturing Techniques Applied to the Design of Planar Microwave Circuits by Fused Deposition Modeling

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor García-Martínez ◽  
Ernesto Ávila-Navarro ◽  
Germán Torregrosa-Penalva ◽  
Alberto Rodríguez-Martínez ◽  
Carolina Blanco-Angulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Frequency ◽  
Microwave Circuits ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Microwave Electronic ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

This work presents a study on the implementation and manufacturing of low-cost microwave electronic circuits, made with additive manufacturing techniques using fused deposition modeling (FDM) technology. First, the manufacturing process of substrates with different filaments, using various options offered by additive techniques in the manufacture of 3D printing parts, is described. The implemented substrates are structurally analyzed by ultrasound techniques to verify the correct metallization and fabrication of the substrate, and the characterization of the electrical properties in the microwave frequency range of each filament is performed. Finally, standard and novel microwave filters in microstrip and stripline technology are implemented, making use of the possibilities offered by additive techniques in the manufacturing process. The designed devices were manufactured and measured with good results, which demonstrates the possibility of using low-cost 3D printers in the design process of planar microwave circuits.

scholarly journals Additive Analytics: Easy Transformation of Low-Cost Fused Deposition Modeling Three-Dimensional Printers for HPTLC Sample Application

ACS Omega ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (19) ◽  
pp. 11147-11150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Volker Woortman ◽  
Martina Haack ◽  
Norbert Mehlmer ◽  
Thomas B. Brück
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Sample Application

Influence of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 400-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep V. Raut ◽  
Vijaykumar S. Jatti ◽  
T.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Main Material

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the thirty techniques of rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from polymer materials (natural or with different grades). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the good material among all polymer materials. It is used in the layer by layer manufacturing of the prototype which is in the semi-molten plastic filament form and built up on the platform from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the built up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Impact specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, impact and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost.

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