HRTEM Study of Structure and Evolution of Highly Mismatched Heteroepitaxial Interface, GaSe/GaAs(100)

1998 ◽  
Vol 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z.R. Dai ◽  
S. R. Chegwidden ◽  
F. S. Ohuchi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Intermediate Layer ◽  
Gaas Substrate ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Rhombohedral Structure ◽  
Lattice Image ◽  
Thin Film System ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe microstructural evolution of the GaSe/GaAs(100) thin film system was characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The relationship of crystallographic orientation between the GaSe thin film and the GaAs substrate is [011]GaAs ‖ [1100]GaSe/(100)GaAs ‖ (0001)GaSe, with the dominant polytype for the GaSe thin film being a γ-type which has a 3R-rhombohedral structure with R3m space group. An intermediate layer was observed between the GaAs substrate and the GaSe thin film, with a structure distinct from that of either GaAs or GaSe. The result of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the lattice image corresponding to the intermediate layer indicated that its crystal structure was associated with that of α-Ga2Se3. A new vacancy ordered structural model of β-Ga2Se3 was suggested.

Microstructural and Ferroelectric Properties of a Chemical Solution Deposited Epitaxial PbZr0.5 Ti0.5O3 Thin Film on a SrRuO3/SrTiO3 Substrate

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1190-1193 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Kim ◽  
A. T. Chien ◽  
F. F. Lange ◽  
L. Wills
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Chemical Solution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solution Deposition ◽  
Chemical Solution Deposition Method ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Saturation Polarization ◽  
Pzt Thin Film ◽  
Relationship Of

Epitaxial PbZr0.5Ti0.5O3 (PZT) thin films were grown on top of a SrRuO3 epitaxial electrode layer on a (100) SrTiO3 substrate by the chemical solution deposition method at 600 °C. The microstructure of the PZT thin film was investigated by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, and the ferroelectric properties were measured using the Ag/PZT/SRO capacitor structure. The PZT thin film has the epitaxial orientational relationship of (001) [010]PZT ║ (001) [010]SRO ║ (001) [010]STO with the substrate. The remnant (Pr ) and saturation polarization (Ps) density were measured to be Pr ~ 51.4 µC/cm2 and Ps ~ 62.1 µC/cm2 at 5 V, respectively. Ferroelectric fatigue measurements show that the net-switching polarization begins to drop (to 98% of its initial value) after 7 × 108 cycles.

How Image Congruity and Satisfaction Impact Customer Retention at Luxury Restaurants: A Moderated Mediation Framework

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heesup Han ◽  
Wansoo Kim ◽  
Sanghyeop Lee ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim
Keyword(s):  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Customer Retention ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Restaurant Industry ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

We investigated the impact of customers' image congruity and their satisfaction on customer retention at luxury restaurants. We examined the conspicuousness of product consumption as the moderator in the relationship of image congruity and customer satisfaction. Our assessment of the measurement model revealed acceptable levels of reliability and construct validity. Our findings from the structural model assessment indicated that both image congruity and customer satisfaction exerted an influence on customer retention that was sufficiently significant to explain the total variance in retention. In addition, results showed that customer satisfaction was prominent in determining retention, acting as a significant mediator. Conspicuousness of product consumption was a significant moderator of the relationship between image congruity and customer satisfaction. Overall, our findings offer researchers and practitioners in the luxury restaurant industry valuable information regarding customer retention.

Performance Changing Regularity of No.70 Road Asphalt with Different Aging Time

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 136-140
Author(s):  
Yi Hua Nie ◽  
Ping Liu ◽  
Li Xin Xu ◽  
Jie Ding
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Aging Time ◽  
Resin Content ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Road Asphalt ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asphalt Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this paper, rolling thin film oven is used to heat No.70 road asphalt to simulate asphalt aging. Six aging time tests of 0min, 40min, 85min, 180min, 240min and 300min were carried and the relationship of asphalt performance indexes before and after aging was got as well as four components. The analysis results indicate that: as the aging time increases, change processes of all performance indexes followed curve of index and the correlation coefficient reached significant level. Changing regularity of asphalt four components are also got: the contents of saturate and aromatic both decrease with the aging time increasing, while asphaltene content and resin content increased and the increasing speed of resin is faster. Key words: No.70 road asphalt; four components; performance index; aging.

The Self-Organisation of Tetrahedrally Close-Packed Structures in Magnetic Nanocrystalline Tb-Fe and Co-Pd Films

2006 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. 267-274
Author(s):  
L.I. Kveglis ◽  
A.V. Kuzovnikov ◽  
I.V. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Dissipative Structures ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Organization ◽  
Nanocrystalline State ◽  
Transmission Electron

The self-organization of an atomic structure in Tb30Fe70 and Co50Pd50 films possessing of high values of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) constant (K⊥ ~ 106 erg/cm3) is investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The crystallization of the films is realized in an explosive way with formation of different dissipative structures from the initial nanocrystalline state. In present work the structural model of a thin film in mezzo-scale and the correlation of a structure with magnetic properties are discussed.

scholarly journals Impact of On-Job Training on Performance of Telecommunication Industry

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-58
Author(s):  
Nadir Khan ◽  
Muhammad Ibrahim . ◽  
Muhammad Khalil Shahid .
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Job Training ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Significant Figure ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This research is about On-Job training and Performance of organization. It discusses the importance of training and its output, which is very necessary for individual performance and over all organizational performance. In this research study, various variables, which are the outcome of Training, have been taken into account. Further, more the relationship of all those variables with the over all organizational performance has been studied. A structural model has been developed according to the results and relationship of these variables. The research will add a significant figure to the performance of organization and will raise the importance and value of training in organizations. The results are applicable to all type of organizations and will help managers to make their firms more productive and stable.

Crystalline and microstructure study of the AlN–Al2O3section in the Al–N–O system. II. φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tabary ◽  
C. Servant
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Spinel Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Spinel Phases ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Microscopy Techniques ◽  
The Relationship

Results from the crystalline and microstructure study of the φ′- and δ-AlON spinel phases by X-ray diffraction, neutron diffraction and standard-resolution transmission electron microscopy techniques are reported. Several samples having different compositions in mol % AlN were considered. A structural model is proposed to account for the double modulation of composition and displacement of the cations and anions, which has been determined for these two phases and for the relationship with the γ-AlON spinel phase. Some high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments have confirmed the present structural model. A discussion with reference to previous data is presented.

Methods in Characterizing the SrTiO3/GaAs Interface

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Cooper ◽  
Q. Qiao ◽  
R.F. Klie
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Gaas Substrate ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Thin Film Deposition ◽  
Film Deposition ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Significant Interest ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Theoretical Results

Characterizing the interface that occurs between a thin-film deposition of SrTiO3 on a GaAs substrate is of significant interest in order to determine the electrical capabilities that may be possible with this type of system. Imaging the interface by using transmission electron microscopy as well as determining important chemical and electrical information by using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) are critical in determining if the system is actually appropriate for the desired applications. In addition to these experimental calculations, however, it may be useful to determine theoretical calculations in order to confirm and interpret the results. In particular, these may be determined for EELS by using a simulation program called FEFF9, which employs use of full multiple scattering calculations in order to produce these theoretical results.

Behaviors of TiN Nanoparticles in Mn18Cr2 Steel

2011 ◽  
Vol 117-119 ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Jing Pei Xie ◽  
Hui Wu Yu ◽  
Wen Yan Wang ◽  
Xin Hai Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Steel ◽  
High Manganese Steel ◽  
Tin Nanoparticles ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Ε Martensite ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Existing Form ◽  
The Relationship

Mn18Cr2 steel is one of austenitic deformation strengthening steel. The existing form of TiN and its influence on the austenitic structure in the steel by adding small amounts of TiN nanoparticles are discussed in this study, which may provide some advices to explore new way to strengthen high manganese steel. The microstructures of Mn18Cr2 steel added small amounts of TiN nanoparticles are observed by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The results show that TiN nanoparticles exist in austenite and there have a very good match interface between the two phases, the crystal face relationship are {220}γ//{220}N, {422}γ//{422}N, (111)γ //(200)N , orientation relationship are <110>γ// <110>N, <211>γ//<211>N, [112]γ // [011]N, moreover, the relationship of (111)γ and (200)N is not only parallel but also coherent. Meanwhile, there are many high density dislocations, a small amount of stacking faults, twins and ε-martensite in the austenite due to the role of TiN nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Business Ascendancy and Economic Impasse: A Structural Retrospective on Conservative Economics, 1979–87

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Bowles ◽  
David M Gordon ◽  
Thomas E Weisskopf
Keyword(s):  
Structural Model ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Ronald Reagan ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
Social Structural ◽  
Key Dimensions ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Books

Conservatives have been waging economic revolution since the late Carter years. Have they succeeded? Ronald Reagan and the early architects sought their place in the history books as institutional innovators, not economic tinkerers. Viewed in this perspective, the conservative economic agenda has sought—and is often recognized as an attempt—to change the rules of the game. One might therefore properly ask: Did conservative economic leadership under Paul Volcker and Ronald Reagan succeed in transforming the underlying structure of the U.S. economy? If so, what have been the macroeconomic effects of this transformation? Answering this question requires a somewhat unusual economic model, one which identifies and develops quantitative indicators of the key dimensions of the institutional environment of the economy and estimates the relationship of these dimensions to the behavior of key economic variables such as profitability and investment. We present here such a social structural model of macroeconomic performance.

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