Optimization of x-ray Techniques for Nondestructive Characterization of Single Crystal Turbine Blades

1999 ◽  
Vol 591 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Winter ◽  
K.G. Lipetzky ◽  
R.E. Green
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Crystalline Perfection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Imaging ◽  
Nickel Based Alloy ◽  
Beam Transmission ◽  
Nondestructive Characterization

ABSTRACTThis paper describes nondestructive x-ray characterization techniques which detect macroscopic and microscopic defects, determine the overall crystallographic perfection, and detect any unwanted secondary crystals both on the external surface as well as in the interior of single crystal blades. The method of Asymmetric Crystal Topography for diffraction imaging the surfaces of single crystal turbine blades and the method of White Beam Transmission Topography for diffraction imaging through the thickness of single crystal turbine blades are both discussed and illustrated with representive diffraction images (topographs). It is clear that the images gained from these methods have a capability for providing information about the details of crystalline perfection (or lack thereof) in nickel-based alloy single crystal turbine blades. Such information can provide considerable leverage for the crystal grower to help in adjusting processing variables to enhance quality of a critical product. And the same methods of topography can conceiveably provide tools for evaluating the finished product in a way which has not been available to date.

scholarly journals Dendritic Structure Analysis of CMSX-4 Cored Turbine Blades Roots

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 1129-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Induction Furnace ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Dendritic Structure ◽  
Root Structure ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Based Superalloy

Abstract The microstructure of as-cast cored turbine blades roots, made of the single-crystal CMSX-4 nickel-based superalloy was investigated. Analysed blades were obtained by directional solidification technique in the industrial ALD Bridgman induction furnace. The investigations of the microstructure of blades roots were performed using SEM and X-ray techniques including diffraction topography with the use of Auleytner method. Characteristic shapes of dendrites with various arrangement were observed on the SEM images taken from the cross-sections, made transversely to the main blades axis. The differences in quality of the structure in particular areas of blades roots were revealed. Based on the results, the influence of cooling bores on blades root structure was analysed and the changes in the distribution and geometry of cooling bores were proposed.

scholarly journals Optical and structural characterization of antimony doped ZnO single crystal.

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1417-C1417
Author(s):  
Gabriel Juarez Diaz ◽  
Javier Martinez Juarez ◽  
Ramon Peña Sierra ◽  
Primavera Lopez Salazar ◽  
Jorge Contreras Rascon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Modification ◽  
Atomic Diffusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiative Transitions ◽  
Zno Single Crystal

We present the optical and structural study of the antimony doped zinc oxide (ZnO) performed by atomic diffusion. Diffusion is carried out at a temperature of 10000C for periods of 1, 2 and 4 hrs from a solid source prepared by partial oxidation of antimony, characterizing each step of the process was performed by photoluminescence (PL) and x-ray diffraction (XRD). The characterization by photoluminescence shows the effect of doping with antimony in radiative transitions caused by the creation of impurity levels. Doped samples were analyzed by high resolution diffraction and reciprocal space mapping which revealed the structural modification of the quality of the single crystal produced by the introduction of antimony. The results indicate that the antimony is introduced fully the volume of ZnO and does not modify the quality of the crystal.

Characterization of As-Cast Single-Crystal CMSX-4 Superalloy Turbine Blades

2013 ◽  
Vol 203-204 ◽  
pp. 173-176
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Bogdanowicz ◽  
Arkadiusz Onyszko ◽  
Jan Rak ◽  
Robert Albrecht ◽  
Grzegorz Dercz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Crystallization Process ◽  
Primary Dendrite ◽  
Turbine Blades ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Bridgman Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Annihilation Lifetime ◽  
Transmission Electron

Nickel-based single-crystal superalloys are widely used for production of high pressure turbine blades. The studied blades were obtained in an ALD Vacuum Technologies furnace by the Bridgman technique. Crystallization process was carried out with drawing rates of 3 mm/min and 5 mm/min. The dendrite microstructure based on the γ/γ’ phases and their defects was characterized using X-Ray topography, Laue diffraction, transmission electron microscopy. The defect structure samples were examined with the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. It was found that crystal orientation, lattice parameter of γ’ phase and concentration of defects are correlated. The defect concentration increases in some areas which was the result of deviation of the primary dendrite arm from crystallization direction . Only one type of point defects was detected.

scholarly journals Precise and nondestructive characterization of a ‘buried’ nanostructure in a polymer thin film using synchrotron radiation ultra-small angle X-ray scattering

2012 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takamichi Shinohara ◽  
Tomoko Shirahase ◽  
Daiki Murakami ◽  
Taiki Hoshino ◽  
Moriya Kikuchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Small Angle ◽  
Polymer Thin Film ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Nondestructive Characterization ◽  
Ray Scattering

Characterization of Natural and Synthesized FeTiO3 Crystals With RBS/PIXE/XRD

1997 ◽  
Vol 07 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 265-275
Author(s):  
R. Q. Zhang ◽  
S. Yamamoto ◽  
Z. N. Dai ◽  
K. Narumi ◽  
A. Miyashita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Floating Zone ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Analysis ◽  
Ppm Level

Natural FeTiO 3 (illuminate) and synthesized FeTiO 3, single crystals were characterized by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy combined with channeling technique and particle-induced x-ray emission (RBS-C and PIXE). The results obtained by the ion beam analysis were supplemented by the x-ray diffraction analysis to identify the crystallographic phase. Oriented single crystals of synthesized FeTiO 3 were grown under the pressure control of CO 2 and H 2 mixture gas using a single-crystal floating zone technique. The crystal quality of synthesized FeTiO 3 single crystals could be improved by the thermal treatment but the exact pressure control is needed to avoid the precipitation of Fe 2 O 3 even during the annealing procedure. Natural FeTiO 3 contains several kinds of impurities such as Mn , Mg , Na and Si . The synthesized samples contain Al , Si and Na which are around 100 ppm level as impurities. The PBS-C results of the natural sample imply that Mn impurities occupy the Fe sublattice in FeTiO 3 or in mixed phase between ilmenite and hematite.

Synthesis and structural characterization of a magnesium phthalocyanine(3–) anion

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 154-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin W.Y. Wong ◽  
Daniel B. Leznoff
Keyword(s):  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Heterometallic Complex ◽  
State Structure ◽  
Solid State Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography

The reduction of magnesium phthalocyanine (MgPc) with 2.2 equivalents of potassium graphite in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) gives [K2(DME)4]PcMg(OH)(1) in 67% yield. Compound 1 was structurally characterized using single crystal X-ray crystallography and was found to be a monomeric, heterometallic complex consisting of a μ3-OH ligand that bridges a [MgIIPc3-]- anion to two potassium cations solvated by four DME molecules. An absorption spectrum of 1 confirms the Pc ligand is singly reduced and has a 3–charge. The solid-state structure of 1 does not indicate breaking of the aromaticity of the Pc ligand. Compound 1 is only the second Pc3- complex and the first reduced MgPc to be isolated and structurally characterized.

Electrocrystallizing C60: synthesis, single crystal x-ray structure, and magnetic (ESR, SQUID) characterization of [(C6H5)4P]2[C60][I]x

1993 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. 10392-10393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Penicaud ◽  
Aaron Perez-Benitez ◽  
R. Gleason V. ◽  
E. Munoz P. ◽  
R. Escudero
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray

Structural Systematics of Rare Earth Complexes. VII. Crystal Structure of Bis(2,2'/6',2␛-Terpyridinium) Octaaquaterbium(III) Heptachloride Hydrate

1994 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 391 ◽  
Author(s):  
CJ Kepert ◽  
BW Skeleton ◽  
AH White
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Title Compound ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Full Matrix ◽  
X Ray

The room-temperature single-crystal X-ray structural characterization of the title compound (tpyH2)2[Tb(OH2)8]Cl7.~2⅓H2O is recorded. Crystals are triclinic, Pī , a 17.063(5), b 16.243(3), c 7.878(3) Ǻ, α 84.78(2), β 84.39(3), γ 87.81(2)°, Z = 2 formula units; 3167 'observed' diffractometer reflections were refined by full-matrix least-squares procedures to a residual of 0.057. Notable features of interest of the compound are the 'chelation' of chloride ions by the terpyridinium cations , and the existence of a free [Tb(OH2)8]2+ cation in the presence of an abundance of chloride ions.

scholarly journals After 200 Years: The Structure of Bleach and Characterization of Hypohalite Ions by Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filip Topić ◽  
Joseph M. Marrett ◽  
Tristan H. Borchers ◽  
Hatem M. Titi ◽  
Christopher J. Barrett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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