The role of azithromycin in the antibacterial therapy of acute respiratory infections in children

Acute respiratory infections are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood. Antibacterial therapy for acute respiratory infections should be prescribed carefully and under strict indications. This review analyzes the etiological structure of diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract, identifies modern views on the rational use of antibacterial agents in diseases such as acute tonsillopharyngitis, rhinosinusitis, bronchitis and pneumonia. Among the variety of antibacterial agents, macrolide drugs, in particular azithromycin, are most often used in pediatric practice. The pharmacological properties of azithromycin, mechanisms of its antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activity, indications for use in acute respiratory infections in children are considered in the article. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: antibiotics, acute respiratory infection, macrolides, azithromycin, children.

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PERAN IBU DALAM PENINGKATAN SISTEM IMUN ANAK DENGAN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAFASAN AKUT

Jurnal Keperawatan ◽

10.32583/keperawatan.v11i2.422 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 79-86

Author(s):

Cindy Ayustin Noya ◽

Angkit Kinasih ◽

Venti Agustina ◽

R.Rr Maria Dyah Kurniasari

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Acute Respiratory Infection ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Research Method ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Clean Environment ◽

History Of ◽

Qualitative Descriptive

Infeksi saluran pernafasan akut atau yang sering disebut ISPA merupakan infeksi pada saluran pernafasan baik saluran pernafasan atas atau bawah.ISPA juga kebanyakan terjadi pada anak balita karena daya tahan tubuh mereka tidak kuat dalam menghadapi penyakit ISPA. ISPA mengakibatkan kematiansekitar15%-20% per tahun pada usia balita di Negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa peran ibu dalam meningkatkan sistem imun anak dengan ISPA.Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan sampel purposive sampling.Populasi dan sampel penelitian ini adalah ibu yang mempunyai anak dengan riwayat dan saat ini menderita penyakit ISPA di Batu Gajah Kota Ambon.Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 5 orang. Hasil dari penelitian mendapati 4 kategori yaitu pemberian nutrisi pada anak untuk memenuhi kebutuhan agar sistem imunnya terjaga, kebersihan lingkungan, peran ibu dalam melakukan pencegahan pada anaknya yang mengalami ISPA, dan peran ibu dalam menjaga dan mempertahankan kesehatan anaknya. Kata kunci: peran ibu, sistem imun, ispa THE ROLE OF MOTHERS IN INCREASING IMMUNE SYSTEM OF CHILDREN WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTION ABSTRACT Acute respiratory infections or often called ARI is an infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract. ARI occurs mostly in children under the age of five because their endurance is not strong in dealing with ARI. ARI results in deaths of around 15%-20% per year at the age of under-five in developing countries. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the role of mothers in improving the immune system of children against ARI. The research method used in this study was qualitative descriptive with a purposive sampling sample. Respondents and samples of this study were five mothers who had children with a history of ARI and currently suffering from the disease in Batu Gajah, Ambon City. The results of the study found 4 categories, namely providing nutrition to children to meet their needs so that their immune systems are maintained, clean environment, mother's role in preventing children with ARI, and mother's role to preserve and maintain the health of their children. The findings indicated that in terms of coping or improving the immune system of a child to avoid ARI, it is necessary to have role the of mothers in providing nutrition so that the immune system is boosted, besides that the mother can prevent and protect her child from various diseases, especially ARI. Keywords: role of mothers, immune system, acute respiratory infections

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Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Secret Children’s Weapons against the SARS-CoV-2 Lethal Infection

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1696

Author(s):

Mario Giosuè Balzanelli ◽

Pietro Distratis ◽

Orazio Catucci ◽

Angelo Cefalo ◽

Rita Lazzaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Unusual Event ◽

Inflammatory Processes ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Severe Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Novel Coronavirus

Due to the promising effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the treatment of various diseases, this commentary aimed to focus on the auxiliary role of MSCs to reduce inflammatory processes of acute respiratory infections caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19). Since early in 2020, COVID-19, a consequence of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has rapidly affected millions of people world-wide. The SARS-CoV-2 infection in children appears to be an unusual event. Despite the high number of affected adult and elderly, children and adolescents remained low in amounts, and marginally touched. Based on the promising role of cell therapy and regenerative medicine approaches in the treatment of several life-threatening diseases, it seems that applying MSCs cell-based approaches can also be a hopeful strategy for improving subjects with severe acute respiratory infections caused by COVID-19.

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Potential Role of Vitamins and Zinc on Acute Respiratory Infections Including Covid-19

Global Pediatric Health ◽

10.1177/2333794x211021739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 2333794X2110217

Author(s):

Indah K. Murni ◽

Endy P. Prawirohartono ◽

Rina Triasih

Keyword(s):

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Large Dose ◽

Common Cold ◽

Potential Role ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Under Five ◽

Short Period

Background. Vitamin C, E, D, A, zinc are considered to be essential in preventing and treating of acute respiratory infections (ARI) including COVID-19. Methods. We reviewed published studies evaluating the potential roles of these vitamin and zinc for ARIs and COVID-19 using Medline database, medRxiv, and bibliographic references. Results. Vitamins C, D, and E did not reduce incidence of common cold in general, but vitamin C reduced by half in population with physical and environment stresses. Vitamins C and E shortened duration and reduced severity of common cold. A large-dose vitamin A had no effect on recovery from pneumonia. Zinc improved clinical deterioration and pneumonia duration in under five. The effect on preventing COVID-19 morbidity and related-death was lacking. Conclusions. Although the effects of vitamins and zinc on ARIs including COVID-19 were inconclusive, taking these for a short period during pandemic may be beneficial when there is risks of deficiency.

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Additional Diagnostic Yield of Adding Serology to PCR in Diagnosing Viral Acute Respiratory Infections in Kenyan Patients 5 Years of Age and Older

Clinical and Vaccine Immunology ◽

10.1128/cvi.00325-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 113-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Daniel R. Feikin ◽

M. Kariuki Njenga ◽

Godfrey Bigogo ◽

Barrack Aura ◽

Stella Gikunju ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Infections ◽

Diagnostic Yield ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Clinical Use ◽

Paired Sample ◽

Parainfluenza Viruses ◽

Syncytial Virus ◽

Etiologic Diagnosis

ABSTRACTThe role of serology in the setting of PCR-based diagnosis of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) is unclear. We found that acute- and convalescent-phase paired-sample serologic testing increased the diagnostic yield of naso/oropharyngeal swabs for influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus, adenovirus, and parainfluenza viruses beyond PCR by 0.4% to 10.7%. Although still limited for clinical use, serology, along with PCR, can maximize etiologic diagnosis in epidemiologic studies.

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The role of multistraine probiotics in non-specific seasonal prevention of acute respiratory infections in children with recurrent URTI in organized teams

Medical Council ◽

10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-220-226 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 220-226

Author(s):

Lyudmila D. Panova Lyudmila D. Panova Lyudmila D. Panova

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

High Risk ◽

Randomized Clinical Trials ◽

Comparison Group ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Acute Respiratory Infections ◽

Infection Period ◽

Study Results

Introduction. A broad evidence base of numerous randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses asserts the role of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in the development of various diseases, including those of infectious origin, in infancy and later stages of life.Purpose. Assessment of the efficacy of a multi-strain immuno-probiotic during rehabilitation of frequently ill children visiting organized groups during the period of epidemiological distress for acute respiratory diseases.Materials and methods.93 children older than 3 years of age were enrolled in an open comparative prospective clinical observation during the high-risk respiratory infection period – November, December. Children were observed for 1.5 months during administration of the multi-strain probiotic and 1 month after discontinuation of the probiotic. The subjects were randomized into two groups: the treatment group (60 children) received the multi-strain probiotic in the maximum age-specific dosage variances (children aged 3 to 12 years old – 1 capsule, older than 12 years of age – 2 capsules) once a day in the morning for 14 days and the comparison group (33 children) did not receive the multi-probiotic for the same period.Results and discussion. It was found that the incidence of disease in children receiving the multi-probiotic (the treatment group – 60 children) was statistically lower, and the disease severity was milder than in the group of children, who did not receive the probiotic (the comparison group – 33 children). Not a single child who received the multi-probiotic in the course of disease did not require antibiotic therapy during the entire observation period. Moreover, the incidence of respiratory infections in the treatment group within a month after discontinuation of the probiotic was 4.6 times lower than in the comparison group. No side effects were reported.Conclusions. The study results allowed the author to recommend the use of a multi-strain immuno-probiotic as a nonspecific immunomodulatory supplement for the seasonal prevention of acute respiratory infections, especially in frequently ill children at a high risk of infections.

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