The Words that Count

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Richard Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Empirical Approach ◽  
Social Effects ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Discourse Studies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Using Data

Computer assisted discourse studies (CADS) undoubtedly offers great prospects in our attempts to observe and understand the use and social effects of language in context, but it does so with a caveat: we need to be constantly aware of our significant (and often implicit) assumptions when attempting to reach beyond electronically analysed masses of text into assessments of pragmatic (and so social) behaviour. This paper aims to remind us of the need for reflection on our most basic assumptions as we begin to make use of more complex and refined procedures and start to make more ambitious claims about what various corpora can show us. It is argued that concepts such as the word, tokens, types and frequency require constant re-evaluation, in particular when we are using data that have been extracted from their original textual (and so contextualized) sources in the creation of corpora. It is hoped that a small contribution can be made to the debate about the empirical approach to understanding language, perhaps in terms of methodologies to be utilized, the potential extent and limits of CADS, or in terms of presenting or interpreting the results and conclusions of published studies.

scholarly journals Spatialising state practices through transnational repression

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Saipira Furstenberg ◽  
Edward Lemon ◽  
John Heathershaw
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
State Power ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Security Practices ◽  
Political Exile ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Transnational Space

Abstract This article theorises the repressive security practices of authoritarian states in the context of transnationalism and globalisation. While emerging research on transnational repression has identified a range of extraterritorial and exceptional security practices adopted by authoritarian states, it has not fully studied the implications of such practices on space and statecraft. Using data from the Central Asia Political Exile Database project (CAPE) and interviews conducted with exiled Tajik opposition groups based in Russia and Europe, we theorise the spatial connections between the territorial and extraterritorial security practices using the concept of assemblages. We further outline how these practices escalate in a three-stage model, in which exiles go on notice, are detained and then rendered or assassinated. Such an approach sheds light on the inherent links between the normalisation of security practices and the creation of transnational space with distinct forms of geographical state power that is embedded in non-national spaces and is manifested through spatially organised actors, networks, and technologies within assemblages.

A Suggestion for an Effective Use of a Computer-aided Diagnosis System in Screening for Hyperthyroidism

1977 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alpérovitch ◽  
P. Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Test Sample ◽  
Bayes Theorem ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Computer Aided ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Aided Diagnosis

A computer-assisted program for diagnosing hyperthyroidism, specially devoted to the screening of functional thyroid status, has been written using data provided by 359 patients, 282 euthyroid and 77 hyperthyroid. The model is based on Bayes’ theorem.Using only 9 clinical signs and the free thyroxin index, the program achieved, on a test-sample of 117 new patients, an overall accuracy of 90% ; 10% of the cases were in the zone of uncertainty, and none was misdiagnosed.Different screening strategies are examined and their results discussed.

Identifying Program Preferences through Conjoint Analysis: Illustrative Results from a Parent Sample

1993 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Spoth ◽  
Cleve Redmond
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Computer Simulations ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
Parent Choices ◽  
Using Data

Purpose. The purpose of this article is to illustrate the application of conjoint analysis, a consumer research technique, using data from a survey of parents' preferences for prevention programs. Design. This study utilized a one-time, cross-sectional telephone survey. Setting. Data were collected from subjects living in economically disadvantaged rural midwestern counties. Subjects. Subjects were 202 randomly selected parents with préadolescents who indicated interest in family-focused prevention programs. Measures. Conjoint analysis software was employed in computer-assisted telephone interviews to evaluate relative preferences for 39 individual features of family-focused prevention programs falling under 11 categories (e.g., program meeting time, facilitator background). The software also guided computer simulations of parent choices among four types of programs. Results. Findings indicated that meeting time was the most important category of program features. Strongly preferred individual features included meetings scheduled on weekday evenings, instruction by child development specialists, and programs based on extensive research. Two multiple-session programs evaluated via computer simulations incorporated several preferred features and received higher ratings than did single-session programs. Estimated variance z-tests indicated limited differences in perceived importance of program feature categories across sociodemographic subgroups. Conclusions. Findings highlight a) differences in the relative value parents place on various features of prevention programs in the surveyed population and b) the importance of practical aspects of program delivery.

scholarly journals Computer Assisted Localization of a Heart Arrhythmia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Vogl ◽  
Peng Zheng ◽  
Stephen P. Seslar ◽  
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Feasibility Problem ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Optimization Approach ◽  
Arrival Times ◽  
Heart Arrhythmia ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Heart Anatomy ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Diagnostic Catheter

AbstractWe consider the problem of locating a point-source heart arrhythmia using data from a standard diagnostic procedure, where a reference catheter is placed in the heart, and arrival times from a second diagnostic catheter are recorded as the diagnostic catheter moves around within the heart.We model this situation as a nonconvex feasibility problem, where given a set of arrival times, we look for a source location that is consistent with the available data. We develop a new optimization approach and fast algorithm to obtain online proposals for the next location to suggest to the operator as she collects data. We validate the procedure using a Monte Carlo simulation based on patients’ electrophysiological data. The proposed procedure robustly and quickly locates the source of arrhythmias without any prior knowledge of heart anatomy.

scholarly journals Supporting Soundscape Design in Virtual Environments with Content-based Audio Retrieval

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Janer
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environments ◽  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Principal Characteristics ◽  
Computer Assisted Design ◽  
Audio Retrieval ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Creation

The computer-assisted design of soundscapes for virtual environments has received far less attention than the creation of graphical content. In this “think piece” we briefly introduce the principal characteristics of a framework under development that aims towards the creation of an automatic sonification of virtual worlds. As a starting point, the proposed system is based on an on-line collaborative sound repository that, together with content-based audio retrieval tools, assists the search of sounds to be associated with 3D models or scenes.

Resisting the Opportunity for Change

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 392-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
James N. Druckman ◽  
Martin J. Kifer ◽  
Michael Parkin
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
2016 Election ◽  
Previous Election ◽  
Unique Nature ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Online Campaigning ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Shifts ◽  
The Web

This article explores congressional campaigning on the web in 2016. What impact did the unique nature of the 2016 election have on those involved with the creation and maintenance of congressional campaign websites? Did it cause them to alter their approach to online campaigning? Using data from a survey of campaign insiders, we find that the factors that influence how congressional campaigns view and use their websites were largely impervious to the unique electoral environment. Results show that, consistent with previous election years, campaigns maintained a fairly uniform view of likely visitors and target audiences, and they tended to see their campaign websites as digital hubs, best used for capturing the campaign’s overall message. We also find that, as in other years, nonincumbents continued to use their websites to campaign more aggressively than incumbents. Overall, the results suggest that congressional campaigning on the web is primarily driven by stable factors that transcend technological advancements and shifts in the political environment.

Acknowledging Knowledge: Dissemination and Reception of Expertise in Colonial Africa

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 389-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri van den Bersselaar
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Knowledge Dissemination ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Broad Field ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Forms Of Knowledge

At every level, the functioning of African colonial societies depended on the availability and mediation of useful information and knowledge. The majority of the existing literature on “colonial knowledge” focuses on one area of this broad field: the various forms of knowledge about their subjects on which colonial states depended. Most of our attempts to understand such knowledge have tended to analyze colonial knowledge as a system: we have tried to identify which were the sets of shared basic assumptions and rules that governed the creation and presentation of knowledge. In analyzing the processes through which colonial knowledge was produced, we have looked at the role of “Orientalism” and other forms of “Othering.” We have examined various investigative modalities. Finally, we have seen how such knowledge may be compared to a pidgin language that allows for communication between colonizers and representatives of the colonized. We have also examined the opportunities for Africans to manipulate the outcomes of colonial knowledge creation, as well as such basic but essential factors as the realities of government support and funding.

Computer-Assisted Classification of Products According to Etim Standard

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Marcin Tokarski ◽  
Grzegorz Nowak ◽  
Cezary Draus
Keyword(s):  
Automatic Recognition ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Polish Language ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Product Description

Abstract The article presents the classification software according to the international product description standard ETIM. The software has been designed for Polish manufacturers or wholesalers who want to implement this standard in their companies. Classification is done in Polish language, on the basis of information contained in the company’s product files. Application features several mechanisms to facilitate the creation of product description, like suggestion of the appropriate class or automatic recognition of values of the required parameters. With this application, the tedious and time consuming job of classification becomes easier and can be done much quicker.

scholarly journals Fruit in the Soil of Magic

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-44
Author(s):  
Philip Compton
Keyword(s):  
Amazonian Dark Earths ◽  
Anthropogenic Soil ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Indigenous Cosmology

This study aims to accentuate the effect of social realities that influence indigenous horticultural practices. The purpose of which is to help with the understanding of the formation of Amazonian Dark Earths (ADE’s), fertile anthropogenic soil patches that are widespread across Amazonia. A tentative operational chain is proposed, delineating the processes that go into the formation of a garden (swidden), using data collected on the Kayapó and Ka’apor Indians, in order to demonstrate that the choices of technique and technology involved in horticulture are socially conditioned. Combining pedological, biological and geographical approaches with anthropological ethnographies explaining indigenous cosmology helps to elucidate the processes that go into the creation of Amazonia as anthropogenic.

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