scholarly journals Design of a direct current motor with a windingless rotor for electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5(112)) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Dmytro Ivliev ◽  
Volodymyr Kosenkov ◽  
Oleksandr Vynakov ◽  
Elvira Savolova ◽  
Viktoria Yarmolovych
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Permanent Magnets ◽  
High Price ◽  
Electromagnetic Excitation ◽  
Active Materials ◽  
Synchronous Motors ◽  
The Road ◽  
Electric Car ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost

Modern electric vehicles typically exploit synchronous motors with magnetoelectric excitation as traction engines. While possessing a series of undeniable advantages, the synchronous motor has one significant drawback ‒ the high cost predetermined by the high price of permanent magnets. In addition, the impossibility to disable a magnetic field in case of engine malfunction can lead to an emergency on the road. Given this, there is a need to design new structures of electrical machines with electromagnetic excitation. The structure of a DC traction motor with electromagnetic excitation involving the rotor or stator segmentation makes it possible to considerably weaken the field of the armature transverse reaction by decreasing magnetic conductivity of the magnetic circuit in the transverse direction. Therefore, such a structure lacks commutating poles and a compensation winding. There are no permanent magnets in the structure, all windings are stationary, an electronic switch is used instead of a collector, and a windingless low-inertia rotor does not require additional measures to remove heat. That all has made it possible to significantly reduce the cost of active materials for the traction engine and improve its reliability. To test the performance of the new design, a full-size model of the engine and a working experimental prototype were fabricated. Applying a synchronous jet engine with magnetization for the BMW i3 electric car as an analog, the engine calculations were performed and its simulation was carried out. The results of the analysis show that the mass of the new engine is 35 % greater than the mass of the analog but the cost of active materials is less than that of the analog by 63 %. The results testify to the possibility of implementing a given structure industrially

Design of Fast Cycloconverter-Based Battery-Charging Circuit for High Penetration of Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 64-69
Author(s):  
Funso Kehinde Ariyo ◽  
Oluwafemi Aworo ◽  
Michael Kuku
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Battery Modeling ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
High Penetration ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Cost

There have been growing concerns involving the penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs) due to the time required by its battery to attain full charge. Interests in EVs had recently experienced a dramatic turn down due to mileage limitation on full battery charge amidst the cost of purchase, but most notably due to the absence of quick chargers that can keep the vehicle on the road within few minutes of arriving at the charging station. Researchers had proposed different charging schemes such as level II ac charging, dc charging, and in some cases, wireless charging schemes that later appear to be inefficient. The use of dynamic or simply road-way powered electric vehicles was also proposed in the literature. However, the proposed cycloconverter-based circuit was simulated in Simulink, and the results obtained proved that the rate of charge increased when compared to the conventional EV charging circuit. Also, the focus is on battery charging technology and battery modeling for application in an electric vehicle

scholarly journals Design & Construction of Electro Magnetic Induction based Roads (EMIR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1340-1344
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Secondary Coil ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Dynamic Charging ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Electro Magnetic ◽  
The Cost

Middle-east and especially UAE promotes the use of Electric Vehicles to bring down the carbon emission. Cost of Electric Vehicles (EVs) can be brought down by reducing the cost of its battery. Dynamic charging allows smaller and lighter batteries to be used due to frequent charging, using the charging infrastructure embedded under the roads. Hence this reduces the battery cost and improves the battery life. Reduction in battery cost will bring down the cost of EVs and thus will encourage large population to move toward EVs. This paper presents the design & construction of a prototype EMIR to facilitate dynamic charging of EVs. Aim of this project is to construct 32 feet long and 3 feet wide prototype road with Induction charging facility. Four primary coils with the dimension 164cm x 31 cm with 3 turns and an inductance of 29.1µH are uniformly spaced on the road. Secondary coil of 40 cm x 31 cm with 6 turns with an inductance of 20 µH is attached onto the lower side of the chassis of the EV.

scholarly journals DETERGENT WASTE CONDUCTIVITY IN PRODUCING ELECTRICITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asti Riani Putri
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
High Price ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
A Current ◽  
At Home

The importance of socialization about alternative energy that can be used for daily needs, for example from the simplest such as lighting at home, although not permanent but is very useful in the event of a sudden power outage. The high price of electricity makes small communities have to think twice as much to regulate daily expenditure needs so as to encourage to find alternative energy that can produce electricity that is environmentally friendly. Seeing the large number of detergent products in Indonesia, it inspires to process the waste from laundry clothes or other objects and even the detergent water itself, because so far the used laundry waste is thrown away so that it can pollute the environment. The purpose of this study is to reduce the effect of environmental pollution due to used laundry waste which is used as an alternative energy source to turn on lighting lamps at home or even on the road. The method used in this research is a chemical or electrolysis reaction involving zinc and carbon as well as the content in detergent washing water. From several experiments conducted for 3 detergents with several parameters, namely the amount of mass and water volume of 120 ml. From the experiment the voltage is 1 volt with a current of 2 mA for detergent Rinso, for DAIA detergent the voltage is 0.7 and current is 0.56 mA, and the experiments tested on SOKLIN produce a voltage of 0.8 volt and a current of 1 mA. Whereas the testing which was carried out randomly with a volume of 1200 ml water produced a voltage of 0.547 v with a large current of 0.006 mA. This proves that detergent waste can be utilized as a renewable energy although it still requires further research but this can ease the burden on the community to pay for electricity from PLN and in the subsequent development independent power plants are built in each house so that the community can save on electricity.

scholarly journals Nine Recommendations for the Safety on Road both of the People and the Traffic Police

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
Madhur Dev Bhattarai
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Accident ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Occupational Hazards ◽  
Traffic Police ◽  
The Road ◽  
The People ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Injured Patients

Safety of people and traffic police on road and the provision of prompt and appropriate treatment of injured persons in road accident are urgent concerns. The nine recommendations accordingly made are 1) Considering anyone who informs about or brings to the hospitals the accident victims as innocent until proved otherwise, 2) Annual payment by all vehicle owners (as per the cost of vehicles) to generate treatment fund for any road accident injured patients in the free general (not paying or private or extended health service) outdoor or emergency clinics or ward of the public hospitals irrespective of anyone’ fault in the accident (insurance or other agencies may be assigned to handle the amount deposited and reimbursement of the payments to the hospitals), 3) Implementation of helmet wearing by motorcycle riders and pillion riders in motorcycles, 4) Stricter fine for hazardous traffic offenses, 5) Drivers of the larger vehicles should not automatically be held responsible for any accidents involving other smaller vehicles (to prevent smaller vehicles and motorcycles to drive recklessly), 6) Drivers should not be just held responsible to bear health expenses of injured patients (which is much more than the compensation required in the event of death of injured persons); this is to encourage drivers to take injured persons immediately to hospitals and prevent inclination to allow their deaths indirectly or directly; the drivers should be proportionately fined or punished as per the traffic regulations if they are found to be negligent, 7) Safe and visible platform for the traffic police to stay on the road, 8) Provision of cost-effective respirators for traffic police and traffic supervisors, and 9) Compensation for occupational hazards to the traffic police and field traffic supervisors by distributing to them adequate proportion (e.g. one-third to one-half) of the fund collected by stricter fine paid for the hazardous traffic offences. Provision of various allowances, including for hazards, and benefits is a common practice in the country. Compensation for the occupational hazards of the traffic police provides incentives to and motivates them to remain vigilant about hazardous traffic offenses day and night everywhere and, thus, is essential for the safety of the people.   

scholarly journals Analysis of Battery Reduction for an Improved Opportunistic Wireless-Charged Electric Bus

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2866
Author(s):  
Andong Yin ◽  
Shenchun Wu ◽  
Weihan Li ◽  
Jinfang Hu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Saving ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Wireless Charging ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
The Road ◽  
Charging System ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Operation Cost

As an attractive alternative to the traditional plug-in charged electric vehicles (EVs), wireless-charged EVs have recently been in the spotlight. Opportunistically charged utilizing the wireless-charging infrastructure installed under the road at bus stops, an electric bus can have a smaller and lighter battery pack. In this paper, an improved opportunistic wireless-charging system (OWCS) for electric bus is introduced, which includes the opportunistic stationary wireless-charging system (OSWCS) and opportunistic hybrid wireless-charging system (OHWCS) consisting of stationary wireless-charging and dynamic wireless-charging. A general battery reduction model is established for the opportunistic wireless-charged electric bus (OWCEB). Two different battery-reduction models are built separately for OWCEB on account of the characteristics of OSWCS and OHWCS. Additionally, the cost saving models including the production cost saving, the operation cost saving and total cost saving are established. Then, the mathematical models are demonstrated with a numerical example intuitively. Furthermore, we analyze several parameters that influence the effectiveness of battery reduction due to the application of an opportunistic wireless-charging system on an electric bus. Finally, some points worth discussing in this work are performed.

Experiment with Reduced Salting of Rural Main Roads in Finland

1996 ◽  
Vol 1533 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Veli-Pekka Kallberg
Keyword(s):  
Road Surface ◽  
Winter Maintenance ◽  
The Road ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

An experiment was conducted in the road district of Kuopio in the winters of 1992–1993 and 1993–1994 in which the use of salt in winter maintenance on rural main roads was reduced to 1 to 2 T/road kilometer from the approximately 10 T of salt that typically had been used per road kilometer in similar conditions in recent years. On the experimental roads, salting was replaced by sanding. The cost of winter maintenance on the experimental roads increased by 20 percent on average, and the increase was higher on roads with higher traffic volumes. Slippery conditions due to ice and snow on the road surface were twice as frequent (30 to 40 percent of the time) on the experimental roads as on the control roads in the neighboring road district. There were 27 injury accidents on the experimental roads in the first winter and 25 in the second. This was about the same as the average of the five previous winters. Because the accident trend on other roads in the same time was decreasing, it was concluded that the experiment increased the number of injury accidents by approximately 20 percent on most experimental road sections. Reduced salting decreased the sodium and chloride concentrations in the needles of roadside pine trees. There were also indications of decreased sodium and chloride concentrations in groundwater. Three quarters of the population in the area was pleased with the experiment.

A system for dynamic inductive power supply of electric vehicles on the road

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes A. Russer ◽  
Marco Dionigi ◽  
Mauro Mongiardo ◽  
Franco Mastri ◽  
Alessandra Costanzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Inductive Power
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