scholarly journals Devising criteria for the authenticity of historical cold weapons based on X-ray fluorescence analysis of their surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (12 (114)) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Merezhko ◽  
Yuliia Vovk ◽  
Volodymyr Indutnyi ◽  
Kateryna Pirkovich ◽  
Valentyna Davydiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Pure Material ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Subsequent Investigation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
History Of

This paper reports the results of studying the chemical composition of the surface of 4 objects of cold weapons of the 19th and early 20th centuries, made of iron – bayonet knives and sabers. This makes it possible to establish the signs of authenticity of cold weapon samples made of iron in that chronological period. An authentic procedure has been proposed for examining the chemical composition of the surface of historical objects of cold weapons by rubbing the samples with cotton wool swabs and their subsequent investigation. This makes it possible to explore objects of cold weapons, whose size is large, as well as simplify the very procedure for studying objects of historical and cultural value. Using the X-ray fluorescent chemical analyzer Expert Mobile, chemical elements were found at the surface of samples of cold weapons made of iron. The presence of such elements is the result of the process of re-crystallization and self-purification of metal during a long history of its life. Elements found in almost every rubbing sample were identified: calcium, ferrum, zinc, cuprum, and chlorine. The studies of cold weapons samples testify to the heterogeneity of the composition of patina formations on their surface, which confirms the authenticity of ancient objects. In addition, the studies have shown a difference in the chemical composition of surface layers of different parts of individual samples of antique cold weapons, which may indicate different times or different technology for their manufacture. The fluorescence spectra of the obtained rubbing of individual samples of cold weapons were compared with "pure" material, which made it possible to identify elements removed from the surface of objects. The study results are important indicators to confirm the authenticity of cultural monuments and the technology of their manufacture in the past.

Pigments analysis in cartonages of an Egyptian mummy of the Roman period using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane Calza ◽  
Marcelino J. Anjos I ◽  
Sheila M.F. Mendonça de Souza ◽  
Antonio Brancaglion Jr ◽  
Ricardo T. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Synchrotron Radiation ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Spectroscopic Technique ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
Egyptian Mummy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Radiation Technique ◽  
Radiation Laboratory

This work evaluates the chemical composition of pigments used in decorative paintings in the coffin cartonage fragments and linen wrappings of an Egyptian mummy, using X-ray microfluorescence with synchrotron radiation technique. The measures were obtained at the XRF beamline of the National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (LNLS). This Roman period female mummy is one of the most important mummies in the National Museum because of its unconventional embalming with disarticulated legs and arms. X-ray fluorescence analysis is a widely used spectroscopic technique in archaeometry for investigating the chemical composition of pigments in manuscripts, paintings, ceramics and other artifacts, metal alloys, and stones. Knowledge of composition allows pigment characterization through major or minor constituents, and makes it possible to establish the provenance, age, and consequently, the authenticity of the artifact.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF DENTINE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INTACT TEETH AND TEETH WITH WEDGE-SHAPED DEFECTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1875
Author(s):  
Svitlana P. Yarova ◽  
Iryna I. Zabolotna ◽  
Olena S. Genzytska ◽  
Andrii A. Komlev
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Magnesium ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Cervical Area ◽  
Focused Beam

The aim: Is to define dentine chemical composition of intact teeth and those with wedge-shaped defects followed by the analysis of revealed differences. Materials and methods: Longitudinal sections of 22 clinically removed teeth (12 – clinically intact ones, 10 – with wedge-shaped defects) from both jaws were studied in patients aged between 25-54 years. JSM-6490 LV focused beam electron microscope (scanning) with system of energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis INCA Penta FETх3 was used. The chemical composition of 148 dentine areas in the incisal region (tubercle), equator, cervical area has been determined as a percentage of the weight amounts of carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, zinc, potassium, aluminum. Results: Dentine chemical composition of teeth with wedge-shaped defects differed from those of intact teeth by significantly lower content: sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the incisal region (tubercle); sodium, magnesium − at the equator; sodium, chlorine and calcium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). In the sample groups with cervical pathology there was more sulfur and oxygen in the incisal region (tubercle), phosphorus and zinc – at the equator, carbon and potassium – in the cervical region (p≤0.05). Conclusions: Differences in the chemical composition of intact teeth and teeth with wedge-shaped defects, the presence of correlation between the studied chemical elements confirm the role of macro- and microelements in the pathogenesis of non-carious cervical lesions.

ROOM TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC ANOMALIES IN BENZENE TREATED Bi–Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O POWDER

1991 ◽  
Vol 05 (21) ◽  
pp. 1447-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. HARUTUNYAN ◽  
L. S. GRIGORYAN ◽  
A. S. KUZANYAN ◽  
A. A. KUZNETSOV ◽  
A. A. TERENTIEV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Magnetic Anomalies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Field Dependent ◽  
History Of

Two samples of benzene-treated Bi–Pb–Sr–Ca–Cu–O powder exhibited at 300 K magnetic field dependent diamagnetism and magnetization irreversibility. The treatment with benzene resulted also in the appearance of microwave absorption at low magnetic fields, while is sensitive to magnetic history of the sample. From X-ray diffraction data one can see that upon benzene treatment the reflections of 85 K and 110 K phases do not change practically, but a series of new reflections appeared, indicating a lattice modulation with 4.9 nm periodicity. A microprobe analysis revealed substantial inhomogeneity of chemical composition across the samples. The room temperature anomalies were weakened in one sample and vanished in the second upon thermal cycling.

A New Method for Quantitative X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Mixtures of Oxides or Other Compounds by Empirical Parameter Methods

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Mantler
Keyword(s):  
Computer Program ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
New Method ◽  
Fundamental Parameter ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Empirical Parameter ◽  
X Ray ◽  
New Type

Two principal mathematical methods are used for quantitative XRFA: fundamental parameter calculations and the evaluation of empirical parameter equations. A comprehensive computer program based upon fundamental parameter equations was introduced in 1976 by D. Laguitton and M. Mantler (LAMA-I) and improved by T. C. Huang in 1979 (LAMA-II). The present paper describes the features of the theoretical background of a computer program using a new type of empirical (alpha*-) parameter equations. It is essentially designed for convenient analysis of compounds including those containing chemical elements, that cannot be directly measured by conventional X-ray spectrometers, such as oxides, nitrides, and others. The program also communicates automatically with LAMA in order to establish theoretical tables of alpha*-coefficients as well as conventional alpha-coefficients.

Methods of Faience Manufacture in Antiquity: Investigation of Colorants and Technological Processes

2011 ◽  
Vol 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Frame ◽  
Donna Bright DeSordao ◽  
Yuan-Chi Chiang ◽  
Pamela Vandiver
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Indus Valley ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Similar Processing

ABSTRACTFaience production methods include efflorescence, direct glaze application, and cementation glazing. However, similar processing has been used with a variety of other materials, such as glazed monolithic quartz, ground and re-fired faience, and steatite bodies. Furthermore, faience technology has been linked by similar processing to glass, synthetic pigment and glazing technologies. Here we reinforce these cross-craft relationships by comparing the range of similar functioning chemical elements in faience and glazed artifacts from a variety of archaeological sites that range from the Indus Valley to the Mediterranean. This broad comparative method based primarily on x-ray fluorescence analysis reveals trends in faience production, relationships with metallurgical technologies, and aspects of processing that provide areas of study that may be considered more closely in the future.

The determination of composition and thermal history of plagioclase by the X-ray powder method

1955 ◽  
Vol 30 (229) ◽  
pp. 648-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Goodyear ◽  
W. J. Duffin
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Similar Composition ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Cell Dimensions ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unit Cell Dimensions ◽  
Ray Patterns

In a recent paper (hereafter referred to as GD) Goodyear and Dufiln (1954) described X-ray powder data for a number of synthetic and chemically analysed plagioclases of composition An0Abl00-Anl00Ab0. Important aspects of this work were a correlation of the X-ray patterns with chemical composition, and a distinction between the pattern of a naturally occurring material of low-temperature origin and that of a synthetic of similar composition. The investigation showed quite clearly that the unit-cell dimensions of a synthetic plagioelase depend but little on composition from An0Abl00 to An70Ab30, whilst they differ from those of the low-temperature modification greatly for albite, to a lessening degree as the composition approaches An70Ab30, and practically not at all in the range An70Ab30-Anl00Ab0.

X-Ray Spectrometry Study on Historical Decorative Glasses in Thailand: Lanna-Style Glass

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 330-334
Author(s):  
Pisutti Dararutana ◽  
Krit Won-In ◽  
Sawet Intarasiri ◽  
Teerasak Kamwanna ◽  
Somchai Tancharakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Emission Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Historical Objects ◽  
Glassy Materials

t was known that historical objects were highly heterogeneous. Due to the complex nature of materials and objects, extremely sensitive, spatially resolved, multi-elemental and versatile analytical instruments were needed. The techniques employed should be as a noninvasive as possible and able to give complementary information from macroscopic to nanometer scales. In this work, X-ray based spectroscopy including energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDS), Proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE), and micro-beam X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (µ-XRF) were used to analyze chemical composition of the Lanna-style glass. Microstructure was also studied. It can be concluded that these techniques in combination are powerful for the investigation of heterogeneous glassy materials.

The Relation between the Fine Structural Change and Color Fading in the Natural Mineral Pigments Azurite and Malachite

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoichi Nishimura ◽  
Ari Ide-Ektessabi
Keyword(s):  
Structural Change ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Natural Mineral ◽  
Spectral Reflectivity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Structural Change ◽  
Cultural Properties ◽  
Color Fading ◽  
Reflectivity Data

AbstractMany ancient Asian and Japanese paintings have been drawn with natural mineral pigments. The discoloring mechanism of these pigments has been a real concern for the characterization, restoration and preservation of the ancient cultural properties. The authors expect that the color fading is deeply related with the chemical composition and the fine structural change of the major elements. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to make clear the relation between the fine structural change and color fading.We analyzed several representative pigments of Japan, including copper carbonate hydroxide pigments (blue verditer and green verditer, “gunjo” and “ryokusho” called in Japanese) by x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) and x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). In order to examine the deterioration of pigments, some of them were exposed in the highly-heated condition. In addition, the spectral reflectivity data are also collected on spectrophotometer system.Here we propose to compare the results obtained from XRF and XAFS with the spectral reflectivity data. The results demonstrate that the chemical composition and the fine structural change can provide valuable information for revealing the discoloring mechanism, which would then lead to the original color estimation of the ancient cultural properties.

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