"75 YEARS OF THE GREAT VICTORY - COMMON VICTORY - COMMON MEMORY". MATERIALS OF THE INTERNATIONAL RUSSIAN-UZBEK RESEARCH AND PRACTICE CONFERENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Irina E. Khanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Common Memory ◽  
Great Victory

The publication deals with the International Russian-Uzbek research and practice conference “75 Years of the Great Victory – Common Victory – Common Memory”. Based on the conference materials, the author of the publication analyses approaches of the scientific community representatives of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Uzbekistan to assessing the common contribution of our countries to the victory over fascism. The speakers focused on discussing such topical issues as the historiography of the Great Patriotic War in Uzbekistan, coverage of the Great Patriotic War in foreign historiography, new educational approaches to teaching the history of the Great Patriotic War in higher and secondary educational institutions, using the memories of evacuees as a historical source, etc. The author emphasises that all the speakers expressed concern about the strengthening of modern trends to “falsify the history” of the Great Patriotic War and World War II and indicated, in that regard, the need for careful attitude towards the history of the events of 1939–1945 and the importance of preserving the historical memory of them. An idea was also expressed at the conference that a great responsibility falls on the shoulders of scientific community representatives now, since the community’s main task is to preserve the memory of the courage and heroism of all the soldiers who fought against fascism, without distinction of nationality. During the discussion, interesting proposals were made for cooperation in the field of historical knowledge, educational activities, as well as in the promotion of joint educational projects by Russia and Uzbekistan.

scholarly journals Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w Polsce

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 190-211
Author(s):  
Wojciech Śleszyński
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania

From international history to one’s own history – Belorusian minority in PolandAfter World War II the Belarusians who did not leave Poland could gain upward mobility only if they avoided displaying their national and cultural distinctiveness. Belarusians made a political choice which coincided with a vision of history and thus accepted a historical narrative spread by communist circles. The narrative constructed by the Belarusian minority was consistent with the officially proclaimed state ideological narrative. It contained mostly the history of the Communist Party of Western Belarus and described a difficult situation of Belarus in the Second Polish Republic and during World War II (especially the Great Patriotic War).The Belarusian community made first attempts to rebuild the current vision of the world in 1980–1981. Students tried to create an alternative historical narrative that contradicted the communist one. However, it was a gradual collapse of the communist system that became an impetus for more active development of the Belarusian minority in Poland, and consequently, the creation of its own national vision of history. The Belarusian heritage has been based on the Belarusian People's Republic and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and not, as it was in the Soviet Socialist Republic of Belarus or after 1994, on the Republic of Belarus and the victory in the Great Patriotic War.  Od internacjonalnej do własnej historii – mniejszość białoruska w PolscePozostała w Polsce po II wojnie światowej społeczność białoruska uzyskała możliwość awansu społecznego pod warunkiem nieeksponowania swojej narodowej i kulturowej odrębności. Białorusini, dokonując wyboru politycznego, pokrywającego się z wyborem wizji historii, akceptowali obraz dziejów prezentowany przez środowiska komunistyczne. Konstruowany przez mniejszość białoruską przekaz historyczny zgodny był z oficjalnie głoszonym państwowym przekazem ideologicznym. Dominowały treści o historii Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi, o trudnej sytuacji białoruskiej w II RP i w latach II wojny światowej, ale z naciskiem położonym jedynie na okres Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej.Pierwsze próby przebudowy dotychczasowej wizji świata przez społeczność białoruską zostały podjęte w latach 1980–1981. Zwłaszcza środowiska studenckie próbowały stworzyć alternatywę dla dotychczasowego skomunizowanego, białoruskiego przekazu historycznego. Jednak dopiero stopniowy upadek systemu komunistycznego stał się impulsem do coraz bardziej aktywnego rozwoju mniejszości białoruskiej w Polsce, a co za tym idzie także kreowania własnej, narodowej wizji dziejów. Fundamentem, na którym budowana była pamięć o dziedzictwie, stało się odwoływanie się do Białoruskiej Republiki Ludowej i Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, a nie, jak to miało miejsce w Białoruskiej Socjalistycznej Republice Sowieckiej czy po 1994 r. w Republice Białoruś, zwycięstwa w Wielkiej Wojnie Ojczyźnianej.

RUSSIAN-BELARUSIAN TUTORIAL "HISTORY OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. ESSAYS ON THE SHARED HISTORY"

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Elena A. Kosovan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Work ◽  
Eurasian Economic Union ◽  
Shared History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent States ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Integration Project ◽  
Second World

The paper provides a review on the joint Russian-Belarusian tutorial “History of the Great Patriotic War. Essays on the Shared History” published for the 75th anniversary of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The tutorial was prepared within the project “Belarus and Russia. Essays on the Shared History”, implemented since 2018 and aimed at publishing a series of tutorials, which authors are major Russian and Belarusian historians, archivists, teachers, and other specialists in human sciences. From the author’s point of view, the joint work of specialists from the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in such a format not only contributes to the deepening of humanitarian integration within the Union state, but also to the formation of a common educational system on the scale of the Commonwealth of Independent States or the Eurasian integration project (Eurasian Economic Union – EEU). The author emphasises the high research and educational significance of the publication reviewed when noting that the teaching of history in general and the history of the Second World War and the Great Patriotic War in particular in post-Soviet schools and institutes of higher education is complicated by many different issues and challenges (including external ones, which can be regarded as information aggression by various extra-regional actors).

Statistical Data as a Source of Information on the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 105-113
Author(s):  
T. G. Nekhaeva
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Historical Truth ◽  
Great Victory

The article examines publication of statistical data commemorating the anniversaries of the USSR Victory in the Great Patriotic War as the most important information sources for an objective analysis of historical events. The reason for writing this article was the release of the statistical handbook of Rosstat, dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Great Victory. In the introduction, the author argues the current urgency of issues addressed in the article caused by information warfare aimed at distorting the historical truth about the role of our country in the anti-Hitler coalition and the defeat of fascism in the World War II. The body of the article describes the concept and content of the anniversary edition. An important point of the article is the analysis of data sources used in the preparation of the handbook. The author reviews the anniversary handbook structure that includes a preface and the following sections: Population, Economic, Living conditions, Mobilization of population, Partisan movement, Evacuation during the war, Casualties and losses during the war, Military memorials and cemeteries, State awards, References. It is noted that the handbook maintains the tradition of previous statistical publications dedicated to the anniversaries of the Great Victory. Lastly, the author substantiates the novelty of data presented in the anniversary handbook and the logical structure of statistical materials in it. The author draws conclusions about the paramount importance of, and need to continue popularization of data on the great exploits of the Soviet people during the war and to introduce new statistical information into scientific circulation, which is causing further comprehension of primary information sources about the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945.

THE CORE AND PERIPHERY OF THE CURRENT CULTURE OF ARTISTIC CREATION ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR IN THE STUDENTS’ VIEWS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Elena N. NARKHOVA ◽  
Dmitry Yu. NARKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
The Core ◽  
Musical Works ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Current Student ◽  
Historical Periods

This article analyzes the degree of demand for works of art (films and television films and series, literary and musical works, works of monumental art) associated with the history of the Great Patriotic War among contemporary students. This research is based on the combination of two theories, which study the dynamics and statics of culture in the society — the theory of the nucleus and periphery by Yu. M. Lotman and the theory of actual culture by L. N. Kogan. The four waves of research (2005, 2010, 2015, 2020) by the Russian Society of Socio¬logists (ROS) have revealed a series of works in various genres on this topic in the core structure and on the periphery of the current student culture; this has also allowed tracing the dynamics of demand and the “movement” of these works in the sociocultural space. The authors introduce the concept of the archetype of the echo of war. The high student recognition of works of all historical periods (from wartime to the present day) is shown. A significant complex of works has been identified, forming two contours of the periphery. Attention is drawn to the artistic work of contemporary students as a way to preserve the historical memory of the Great Patriotic War. This article explains the necessity of preserving the layer of national culture in order to reproduce the national identity in the conditions of informational and ideological pluralism of the post-Soviet period. The authors note the differentiation of youth due to the conditions and specifics of socialization in the polysemantic sociocultural space.

scholarly journals 1918 and the Habsburg Monarchy as Reflected in Slovak Historiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-229
Author(s):  
Júlia Čížová ◽  
Roman Holec
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Environmental History ◽  
Social History ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Old Regime ◽  
Habsburg Monarchy ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Generation

With regard to the “long” nineteenth-century history of the Habsburg monarchy, the new generation of post-1989 historians have strengthened research into social history, the history of previously unstudied social classes, the church, nobility, bourgeoisie, and environmental history, as well as the politics of memory.The Czechoslovak centenary increased historians’ interest in the year 1918 and the constitutional changes in the Central European region. It involved the culmination of previous revisitations of the World War I years, which also benefited from gaining a 100-year perspective. The Habsburg monarchy, whose agony and downfall accompanied the entire period of war (1914–1918), was not left behind because the year 1918 marked a significant milestone in Slovak history. Exceptional media attention and the completion of numerous research projects have recently helped make the final years of the monarchy and the related topics essential ones.Remarkably, with regard to the demise of the monarchy, Slovak historiography has focused not on “great” and international history, but primarily on regional history and its elites; on the fates of “ordinary” people living on the periphery, on life stories, and socio-historical aspects. The recognition of regional events that occurred in the final months of the monarchy and the first months of the republic is the greatest contribution of recent historical research. Another contribution of the extensive research related to the year 1918 is a number of editions of sources compiled primarily from the resources of regional archives. The result of such partial approaches is the knowledge that the year 1918 did not represent the discontinuity that was formerly assumed. On the contrary, there is evidence of surprising continuity in the positions of professionals such as generals, officers, professors, judges, and even senior old regime officers within the new establishment. In recent years, Slovak historiography has also managed to produce several pieces of work concerned with historical memory in relation to the final years of the monarchy.

scholarly journals Ruch Nowego Życia w Chinach, 1934–1948

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-525
Author(s):  
Andrzej Demiańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Daily Life ◽  
Main Task ◽  
National Party ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Post War ◽  
Sense Of Shame ◽  
Life Movement

In recent decades, there was a notable surge of interest in the history of the Republic of China (1912–1949). New Life Movement (Xin shenghuo yundong) was one of the most important en-deavours undertaken during the so-called Nanjing Decade (1927–1937) — a period of authoritarian rule of Guomindang (National Party), after the triumph of the Northern Expedition and before the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Inaugurated in 1934, this movement sought to revive Confucian virtues and create better society through the promotion of proper behaviour (especially etiquette and hygiene). Virtues, whose realisation in daily life was stated as the goal of the Move-ment, were li — propriety, yi — right action, lian — integrity, and chi — a sense of shame. Later, these goals were expanded to include promotion of militarisation (junshihua), aesthetic uplifting (yishuhua), and improving the production (shengchanhua) in peopleʼs lifestyles. Although the New Life Movement was initiated by Chiang Kai-shek on 19 February 1934 in Nanchang, in many respects it was a continuation of previous policies. To realise the New Life Movement, the Society for the Promotion of the New Life Movement (Xin shenghuo yundong cujin hui) was founded in 1934. Members of different factions in Guomindang participated in its activities. After the first two years, the New Life Movement disappeared from the spotlight, but remained active at least until 1948. During the war, the main task of the movement was participation in war efforts and, after the conflict ended, in post-war recovery. In the end, the New Life Movement failed in realisation of its stated goals. Nevertheless, it seems that its activities were still beneficial for Guomindang’s government. This article presents an outline of history and origins of the New Life Movement, as well as describe its goals and methods. In the end, there will be an evaluation of this important and controversial movement and its place in the history of Guomindang and China.

scholarly journals Daily Existence of Karl Marx Smolensk State Pedagogical Institute during the Great Patriotic War (According to Contemporary Recollections)

TECHNOLOGOS ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 145-155
Author(s):  
Kupchenko Konstantin ◽  
Nikitina Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Karl Marx ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Strict Adherence ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Pedagogical Institute ◽  
History Of ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

issues of the daily life of educational establishments in the Western regions of the Soviet Union which were attacked and occupied in the early period of the Great Patriotic War have been touched upon in this article. The essence of historical science of war is that the paradigm is confined to the study of military operations and battles being the subject of numerous studies, scientific events, documentary chronicles. Many social history moments of wars have undeserved on the fringes of the scientific field of studying these problems. The history of everyday life has recently become a current historical research direction in the national historical science, allowing to reconstruct many events often unfairly unreported in scientific research and left in archival material or memoirs of the their direct participants. The relevance of the project stems from the very limited knowledge of the problem which has not been reflected either in the specialized studies or in the comprehensive studies of history of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute and the region in whole. The main task of the present study is to identify previously inaccessible information on the employees and students of Smolensk Pedagogical Institute who took part directly in the events described, introduction of new historical sources of science, especially personal sources. The work is based on strict adherence to the principle of historism. The article uses the most scientific and productive methodological guidelines of modern historical research directions. The main approach is historical-anthropological. The integrated approach of the study involves the following methods: historical description, historical analysis, comparative history, microhistory. The whole complex of archival heuristics tools is used in the work with the documents. In view of the lack of special works, the individual archives on the topic of the study were based on the materials identified in personal collections, common archives, relating to the military period of the region, memoirs and recollections of witnesses and direct participants in the events described in the proceedings. The study shows that since the first days of the war the staff and students of the Institute were involved in general activities aimed at organization of defense, at the opposition to the enemy, at evacuattion: to ensure the security of buildings and property, to attract to economic, defensive activities, assisting fighter squads. The authors note that at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War the main activities directed to mobilization, defense and evacuation measures in Smolensk Pedagogical Institute were assigned to the Department of Military Training as the most prepared for work in extreme conditions. It has been shown in the article that in July 1941 due to the occupation of the city Smolensk Pedagogical Institute ceased to function as a teaching unit and it resumed its activity only after the liberation of the region in autumn 1943.

Patriotic Service of the Russian Orthodox Church and Religious Organizations During the Great Patriotic War: Chronicle of the Feat

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Natalya Shafazhinskaya
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Orthodox Church ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Great Victory

The article is devoted to the theme of Patriotic and social service of Russian Orthodox Church in the tragic and, along with that glorious period of the great Patriotic war of 1941-1945 was marked by important achievements of the Patriotic service of the spiritual hierarchs and leaders of Orthodox culture in the context of the events of the liberation struggle of the Soviet people in the great Patriotic war. It describes some of the fate of ascetics, both in the Soviet Union and abroad, who, in the face of opposition to the Nazi regime, continued to serve, performed Christian feats and made a significant contribution to the approach of the great Victory in the great Patriotic war and World War II. The importance of a thorough study of the activities of religious figures throughout the war period is associated with the need for a more objective assessment of the contribution of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Great Victory. The importance of a thorough study of the activities of religious figures throughout the war period is associated with the need for a more objective assessment of the contribution of the Russian Orthodox Church to the Great Victory. In addition, the Ministry of Orthodox leaders and Christian ascetics should be reflected in the program of Patriotic education of students and schoolchildren as a necessary component of comprehensive humanitarian and spiritual and moral education of modern youth.

Tatarstan: Adjusting to life in Putin's Russia

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Graney
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Interesting Aspect ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic

A little-noted but interesting aspect of the Russian annexation of Crimea in March 2014 was Vladimir Putin's government's attempt to enlist officials from the Republic of Tatarstan to smooth the transition of Crimea back to Russian rule. It makes sense — the Crimean and Volga Tatars are ethnic, linguistic, and religious kin, and both trace their history of statehood back to the Golden Horde successor khanates of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The Crimean Khanate maintained its independence far longer than Kazan was able to; while the defeat of Kazan in 1552 marked the beginning of the expansion of the modern Russian Empire under Ivan IV, the Crimean Khanate retained some form of autonomy until nearly the end of the eighteenth century. During the ensuing years, the fortunes of the two peoples and their states reversed yet again; Tatarstan emerged from Soviet rule as a powerful actor determined to make the new Russian Federation truly a federal state in practice as well as on paper (in part by invoking the heritage of the Kazan Khanate). In contrast the Crimean Tatars, never having recovered demographically or politically from their forced exile to Central Asia by Stalin during World War II, struggled to establish some form of cultural and political autonomy as part of a newly independent Ukraine.

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