scholarly journals A RECONSIDERATION OF THE HEALTH STATUS – ECONOMIC GROWTH NEXUS: EVALUATION OF THE GENDER DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT IN NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-230
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Olayemi Jemiluyi ◽  
◽  
Ifeoluwa Alao-Owunna ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Female Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Urbanization Rate ◽  
The Relationship

It is tempting to say that the health status-economic growth literature in Nigeria is exhaustive due to the large body of extant studies. However, gaps exist on the gender perspective to the relationship between health status and economic growth in Nigeria as the literature largely examined the relationship at the aggregate. Therefore, this study seeks to explore the gender dimension to the health-economic growth nexus in Nigeria using gender-disaggregated data on longevity. Applying the dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) to the time series for the period between 1981 and 2018, the findings suggest there is gendered difference in the effect of male and female life expectancy at birth on economic growth. Specifically, the results show that male life expectancy at birth is positively correlated to economic growth while there is evidence of a negative relationship between female life expectancy at birth and economic growth. Also, foreign investment and credit to private sector were found to be negatively correlated with economic growth while the urbanization rate was found to have economic growth premium in the study period.

The influence of health on economic growth from the perspective of sustainable development: a case of OECD countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seda Yıldırım ◽  
Durmus Cagri Yildirim ◽  
Hande Calıskan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Lower Health

PurposeThis study aims to explain the role of health on economic growth for OECD countries in the context of sustainable development. Accordingly, the study investigates the relationship between health and economic growth in OECD countries.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed cluster analysis and econometric methods. By cluster analysis, 12 OECD countries (France, Germany, Finland, Slovenia, Belgium, Portugal, Estonia, Czech Republic, Hungary, South Korea, Poland and Slovakia) were classified into two clusters as high and low health status through health indicators. For panel threshold analysis, the data included growth rates, life expectancy at birth, export rates, population data, fixed capital investments, inflation and foreign direct investment for the period of 1999–2016.FindingsThe study determined two main clusters as countries with high health status (level) and low health status (level), but there was no threshold effect in clusters. It was concluded that an increase in the life expectancy at birth of countries with higher health status had no significant impact on economic growth. However, the increase in the life expectancy at birth of countries with lower health status influenced economic growth positively.Research limitations/implicationsThis study used data that including period of 1999–2016 for OECD countries. In addition, the study used cluster analysis to determine health status of countries, and then panel threshold analysis was preferred to explain significant relations.Originality/valueThis study showed that the role of health on economic growth can change toward country groups as higher and lower health status. It was proved that higher life expectancy can influence economic growth positively in countries with worse or low health status. In this context, developing countries, which try to achieve sustainable development, should improve their health status to achieve economic and social development at the same time.

scholarly journals Gender Differential Effects of Health Status on Growth Process in sub-Saharan Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Olufunmilayo Olayemi Jemiluyi ◽  
Abayomi Ayinla Adebayo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Method Of Moment ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Gender

This study examines the gender-disaggregated effect of health status on the growth trajectory of sub-Saharan Africa region. The renewed interest in the health status – economic growth nexus stems from the increasing recognition of the importance of health and gender roles in achieving economic growth and sustainable development, particularly in the developing regions of sub-Saharan Africa characterized by poor health, gender inequality and low growth. Health status is proxy by gender-disaggregated data on life expectancy at birth. The study employs the generalized method of moment (GMM) modelling technique, and the result shows that there is gendered differences in the effect of health status on the economic growth process of sub-Saharan Africa. In particular, we find that female life expectancy is positively associated with economic growth. Thus, the study recommends that efforts aimed at promoting health wellbeing in the region should be enhanced. In particular, policies geared towards bridging the gender gap in health should be enacted and implemented.

I'll manage myself: the moderator effect of positive framing on the relationship between organisational politics and engagement

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson James
Keyword(s):  
Work Engagement ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Moderator Effect ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Organisational Politics

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the influence of organisational politics on work engagement and the moderator effect of positive framing on this relationshipDesign/methodology/approachData were collected from 241 public sector employees in Sri Lanka through a structured questionnaire and analysed with partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS_SEM).FindingsThe results indicated that organisational politics negatively influenced employees' work engagement, positive framing positively influenced engagement and weakened the negative relationship between politics and engagement.Practical implicationsThis study suggests that organisation and individuals must take the necessary steps to enhance work engagement. Organisations must be transparent in all activities to avoid employees' negative perception. Also, organisations need to take steps to recruit employees with positive framing or develop this competency through training and development. Individuals also need to take necessary steps to frame the work environment positively to enhance their engagement in work.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature by being the first to examine the positive framing as a moderator in the relationship between politics and engagement. This study found that positive framing as a resource reduced the harmful effect of organisational politics on engagement and suggested positive framing can be considered as a resource in the future investigation of the job demand–resource model.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Linkage between Agricultural Exports and Agriculture’s Share of Gross Domestic Products in South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Mushoni B. Bulagi ◽  
Jan J. Hlongwane ◽  
Abenet Belete
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Agricultural Economic ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Growth Equation ◽  
Positive Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Exports

The paper analyses the link between avocado, apple, mango and orange exports and agriculture’s share of Gross Domestic Product in South Africa. The study used secondary time series data that covered a sample size of 20 years (1994 - 2014) of avocado, apple, mango and orange exports in South Africa. Two Stages Least Square models were used for data analysis.  Empirical results for agricultural exports equation revealed that agricultural economic growth in South Africa was significant with a positive coefficient. Also a negative relationship between the Net Factor Income (NFI) and the agricultural exports in South Africa was noticed. Real Capital Investments had a significant positive coefficient.  Consequently, results from agricultural economic growth equation revealed that agricultural exports were significant with a positive correlation. A relationship between NFI and agricultural GDP was also witnessed. Like other variables, Real Capital Investment was significant but negatively correlated.

FDI and economic growth: empirical evidence from Pakistan

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naqeeb Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between FDI and economic growth. Two models have been used to analyse the time series data on Pakistan from 1970 to 2012. This paper contributes to the existing literature by examining the different empirical methods to estimate the relationship between FDI and economic growth. The vector error correction model (VECM) results suggest that FDI depends on the economic growth but this relationship is not true vice versa. The second model showed that FDI, human capital and exports are important factors of economic growth. However, the negative relationship between interactive variables (FDI and human capital) and economic growth indicates that low level of human capital affect the economic growth of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach – Used time series data (1970-2012) for empirical analysis. Findings – The VECM results suggest that FDI depends on the economic growth but this relationship is not true vice versa. The second model showed that FDI, human capital and exports are important factors of economic growth. However, the negative relationship between interactive variables (FDI and human capital) and economic growth indicates that low level of human capital affect the economic growth of Pakistan. Research limitations/implications – The limitations of this empirical paper are as follows: it would be better to use secondary school enrolment (per cent) to measure human capital instead adult literacy rate. Similarly, the non-availability of R & D data on Pakistan limited the scope of the paper to measure the role of absorptive capacity of domestic and its relationship with FDI. The results of this paper are specifically related to Pakistan and cannot be generalized to other countries. Practical implications – This empirical study implies that Pakistan should improve its economic growth. The robust policies are required to increase the literacy rate of the country. Higher human capital will attract more FDI into the economy and may reduce the unemployment. This would increase the national output of the country and their national income level. Presently, Pakistan is going through war on terror and foreign firms are reluctant to invest. A stable and secure business environment will ultimately inject foreign direct investment into Pakistan. Originality/value – This paper is first time analyse the time series data to explore the relationship between FDI and economic growth. A new approach has been used called VECM.

Globalization and women’s and girls’ health in 192 UN-member countries

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 692-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deniz Gevrek ◽  
Karen Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Adolescent Fertility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between the ratification of the United Nations’ (UN’s) Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) and women’s and girls’ health outcomes using a unique longitudinal data set of 192 UN-member countries that encompasses the years from 1980 to 2011. Design/methodology/approach – The authors focus on the impact of CEDAW ratification, number of reports submitted after ratification, years passed since ratification, and the dynamic impact of CEDAW ratification by utilizing ordinary least squares (OLS) and panel fixed effects methods. The study investigates the following women’s and girls’ health outcomes: total fertility rate, adolescent fertility rate, infant mortality rate, maternal mortality ratio, neonatal mortality rate, female life expectancy at birth (FLEB), and female to male life expectancy at birth. Findings – The OLS and panel country and year fixed effects models provide evidence that the impact of CEDAW ratification on women’s and girls’ health outcomes varies by global regions. While the authors find no significant gains in health outcomes in European and North-American countries, the countries in the Northern Africa, sub-Saharan Africa, Southern Africa, Caribbean and Central America, South America, Middle-East, Eastern Asia, and Oceania regions experienced the biggest gains from CEDAW ratification, exhibiting reductions in total fertility, adolescent fertility, infant mortality, maternal mortality, and neonatal mortality while also showing improvements in FLEB. The results provide evidence that both early commitment to CEDAW as measured by the total number of years of engagement after the UN’s 1980 ratification and the timely submission of mandatory CEDAW reports have positive impacts on women’ and girls’ health outcomes. Several sensitivity tests confirm the robustness of main findings. Originality/value – This study is the first comprehensive attempt to explore the multifaceted relationships between CEDAW ratification and female health outcomes. The study significantly expands on the methods of earlier research and presents novel methods and findings on the relationship between CEDAW ratification and women’s health outcomes. The findings suggest that the impact of CEDAW ratification significantly depends on the country’s region. Furthermore, stronger engagement with CEDAW (as indicated by the total number of years following country ratification) and the submission of the required CEDAW reports (as outlined in the Convention’s guidelines) have positive impacts on women’s and girls’ health outcomes.

New Evidence of Dynamic Links between Tourism and Economic Growth Based on Mixed-Frequency Granger Causality Tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Han Liu ◽  
Haiyan Song
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Large Body ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mixed Frequency ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Empirical Regularities ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between tourism and economic growth has created a large body of literature investigating the hypotheses of tourism-led economic growth (TLEGH) and economy-driven tourism growth (EDTGH). In this article, we use mixed-frequency Granger causality tests to investigate the relationship between the two types of growth in Hong Kong from 1974 to 2016. Our analysis reveals the following empirical regularities. First, the hidden short-run causality of TLEGH is detected, and EDTGH is proved in the short run and also in the long run when Granger causality tests are performed in a mixed-frequency framework. Second, mixed-frequency Granger tests demonstrate more power in testing the TLEGH and EDTGH via the rejection frequencies (bootstrap p value). Finally, rolling Granger causality tests reveal an unstable relationship between tourism and economic growth in both magnitude and direction, and the relationship is highly economic- and tourism-event-dependent.

scholarly journals Social Environment Determinants of Life Expectancy in Developing Countries: A Panel Data Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatin Aminah Hassan ◽  
Nobuaki Minato ◽  
Shuichi Ishida ◽  
Norashidah Mohamed Nor
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Despite remarkable improvements in health over the past 50 years, there still remain a great number of health challenges around the world. This study examined the relationship between life expectancy rate (as a proxy for health status) with health expenditure, gross domestic product, education index, improved water coverage, and improved sanitation facilities in 108 selected developing countries using annual panel data within the period of 2006–2010. The empirical results from using the panel data approach showed a positive relationship between life expectancy rate and all of those explanatory variables. The relationship between life expectancy with education index and gross domestic product were significant at 1% and 5% significance levels, respectively. Furthermore, the causality finding showed that there is no short-run causality between life expectancy and its determinants. There is a unidirectional causality running from the independent variables of health expenditure, education index, improved water, and improved sanitation to life expectancy at birth. On the other hand, bidirectional causality exists between life expectancy and income in the long-run by employing VECM test.  These independent variables can be considered as important determinants for investment in health status in the long-run. This study could be used as a guideline and may be significant for future researchers and policy makers who aim to improve the life expectancy in developing countries.</p>

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