scholarly journals POVERTY OF INHABITANTS OF RURAL AREAS IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

2017 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Mikucka-Kowalczyk ◽  
Izabela Ściborska-Kowalczyk
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China

scholarly journals The Triple Logic and Choice Strategy of Rural Revitalization in the 70 Years since the Founding of the People’s Republic of China, Based on the Perspective of Historical Evolution

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Dongsheng Zhang ◽  
Wei Gao ◽  
Yiqing Lv
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Path Selection ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Planning System ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
System Reform ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Rural Revitalization

Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has continuously improved and developed the rural system, deepened rural reform, and promoted the process of agricultural and rural modernization. This paper constructs an analytical framework of rural revitalization and explores the logical law behind it from the three aspects of theoretical evolution, historical evolution, and realistic development. Then, on the basis of summarizing the existing rural revitalization path model, in view of the lack of industrial, ecological, cultural, and other rural revitalization path development models, the paper explores the general principles of rural revitalization path selection and puts forward a realistic choice: First, the key breakthrough of rural revitalization will be achieved through the construction of a rural revitalization planning system, land system reform, and green development. Second, the connotation and extension of concepts, such as “small farmers”, “industry prosperity”, and “rural areas”, are objectively analyzed and evaluated, so as to promote rural revitalization and avoid the risks and challenges that it may face in practice.

scholarly journals Human Capital and Urbanization in the People’s Republic of China

2019 ◽  
pp. 475-513
Author(s):  
Chunbing Xing
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Returns To Education ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Capital Development

This chapter explores the relationship between human capital development and urbanization in the People’s Republic of China, highlighting the Hukou system and decentralized fiscal system. Educated workers disproportionately reside in urban areas and in large cities, and the returns to education are higher in urban areas relative to those in rural areas, and in large, educated cities relative to small, less educated cities. In addition, the external returns to education in urban areas are at least comparable to the magnitude of private returns. Rural areas are the major reservoir for urban population growth, and the more educated have a higher chance of moving to cities and obtaining urban Hukou. As for health, rural–urban migration is selective in that healthy rural residents choose to migrate. However, occupational choices and living conditions are detrimental to migrants’ health. While migration has a positive effect on migrant children, its effect on ‘left-behind’ children is unclear.

China’s urban-rural relationship: evolution and prospects

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghe Zhang ◽  
Yawen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Future ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Reform And Opening Up ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose In the 69 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, especially the 40 years since the reform and opening-up, the relationship between urban and rural areas has undergone profound change. When the deepening reform of the urban-rural relationship is entering a critical period, it is necessary to reassess the evolution of the urban-rural relationship in China and draw a picture for that relationship in the future. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This paper combs the policies on the urban and rural development since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and analyzes macro data on the industries, population, personal income, and other aspects. Findings The study found that this urbanism affects individuals’ lives and the choices of society through the will of the state, and then provides feedback at the whole level of social values. Originality/value This paper divides the evolution of China’s urban-rural relationship into two major stages – nurturing cities with rural areas and leading rural areas with cities, which are then subdivided into five periods. The features of the relationship between the urban and rural areas in different periods are analyzed, and the future development of urban-rural relations is also considered.

Some Observations on the Health Services in the People's Republic of China

1972 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. W. Sidel
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Current Health ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Medical Association

The observations on health services presented in this paper were made by the author during a one—month visit to the People's Republic of China in September—October 1971 as the guest of the Chinese Medical Association. The first part of the paper describes the following general principles on which current health services in China appear to be based: emphasis on care in the rural areas; integration of traditional Chinese medicine with western medicine; expanded use of community members in health services; decentralization; educational and status changes for health workers; and an ethic of service and cooperation rather than professional satisfaction and competition. The second part describes current practices in the organization of health services, in hospitals, and in maternal and child care. The overall conclusion is that the Chinese have made incredible progress over the past 22 years and have many lessons for other countries.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND PRIVATE ENTERPRISE IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND ITS RELEVANCE TO TRANSITIONAL ECONOMIES

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
XIAOHONG HE
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Transitional Economies ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Private Business ◽  
Republic Of China

This paper aims to study the issues and unique characteristics surrounding the birth and development of the private sector in the People's Republic of China (China); analyze the interaction of entrepreneurial behavior and the country's unique and continuously changing regulatory and institutional environment; examine the actions, outcomes, and composition of this emerging entrepreneurial class; and analyze the implications for entrepreneurship research in transitional economies. The paper offers a model built on a dynamic and transitional cycle. Using this model, the paper examines how uncertainties, ambiguities, and changing regulatory environments may create opportunities, bolstering the entrepreneurial class as well as an impressive private sector in a country where entrepreneurs and private business can be at odds with socialist ideology and culture in addition to many regulatory and institutional obstacles. Rather than relying upon limited survey data targeted at specific locations, industries, or time periods, this study is based on seven large-scale surveys conducted from 1993 to 2006 in both urban and rural areas extending horizontally across different industries in China, with a primary focus on private business. The findings are relevant for future research and government policy in transitional economies.

scholarly journals The 14th Five-Year Plan of the People’s Republic of China—Fostering High-Quality Development

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Carbon Intensity ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Modern Development

This policy notes outlines recommendations for the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) for National Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic of China that highlights high-quality green development. The plan emphasizes innovation as the core of modern development, relying on the dual circulation strategy as the growth paradigm coupled with reforms to increase living standards. Building on the achievements of the 13th Plan, it aims to reduce the carbon intensity of the economy and peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030. This policy note’s recommendations focus on innovation-driven growth, low-carbon development, integration of urban–rural areas with deeper social inclusion, and population aging as priorities.

Sociomedical Achievements in the People's Republic of China

1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. deHaas ◽  
J. H. deHaas-Posthuma
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
The State ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Adolescents And Adults ◽  
Good Nutritional State

The authors have had the unique opportunity of visiting China three times, in 1964, 1967, and 1971. Since liberation (a term indicating the founding of the People's Republic of China) in 1949, China has undergone metamorphoses from economic, social, and medical viewpoints. Living conditions have improved markedly. Vaccinations have eradicated common infectious diseases. Social diseases are disappearing, and venereal diseases have been eliminated. The‘ state of general hygiene is good. Recent bumper harvests help to explain the good nutritional state of children, adolescents, and adults. The mortality of infants and preschoolchildren has dropped sharply, leading to a drastic reduction in total mortality. Birth control efforts can be traced back to the middle 1950s. Late marriage and contraception are promoted, the latter including the pill, abortion, and sterilization. Since the decline of birth and death rates, the natural population increase is probably 20 per 1000. China's present population approaches 800 million. Mao Tse-tung's directive, “In medical and health work, put the stress on the rural areas,” has been upheld since the Cultural Revolution. Practitioners of traditional medicine prescribe herbs and practice acupuncture for treatment and anesthesia, methods which still await scientific evaluation. Medical education follows the same pattern as general education in that practice is given priority over theory. The organization of public health exhibits certain weaknesses, but the state of health of the population is incomparably better than in surrounding Asian countries or in China prior to liberation.

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